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At least 1,207 records · Page 67Linked to original sources

PubMed1991

XECT--a least squares curve fitting program for generalized radiotracer clearance model.

The program uses the joint Monte Carlo-Simplex algorithm for fitting the generalized, non-monoexponential model of externally detected decay of radiotracer activity in the tissue. The optimal values of the model parameters (together with the rate of the blood flow) are calculated. A table and plot of the experimental points and the fitted curve are generated. The program was written in Borland's Turbo Pascal 5.5 for the IBM PC XT/AT and compatible microcomputers.

Least-Squares Analysis↗

PubMed1991

PNM: a program for parametric and nonparametric mapping of multidimensional data.

A program named PNM is presented for the mapping of multidimensional data within a two-class classification problem. A novel mapping method is used for the purpose. The computing procedure implemented in the program is described in detail. Definitions and examples of the control instructions of the program are given at length. An application of PNM for classifier design concerning differential diagnoses of the cerebrovascular accident is presented. It confirms the efficiency of the program in solving classification problems of relatively large size on a small computer.

Brain Ischemia↗

PubMed1991

The use of the walk test for the development of exercise guidelines.

The general interest in the application of exercise testing to evaluate the work capacity or change in the functional ability of individuals has resulted in the development of a variety of non-invasive field tests such as the one-mile-walk test. Health professionals often find it difficult to incorporate the results of such a field test in a format that can be used to advise individuals about how to start a safe and effective exercise program. This paper presents a computer program written in BASIC that determines an individual's maximal aerobic work capacity from a one-mile-walk test and establishes safe walk/jog guidelines that can be used to enhance physical fitness. Results are summarized in tabular as well as graphical format. This program, coupled with a new understanding of the benefits of exercise, allows for much more effective and precise exercise programs that will result in the improvement of the cardiovascular system and enhance the likelihood of long-term compliance.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

Selectivity of ionic channels: as seen through computer simulation.

A theoretical approach has been attempted to study the selectivity of ionic channels in membranes. We predict the channel to behave as an allosteric enzyme and have different conformational states that can bind strongly or weakly to a particular ion. The kinetic equation derived for the channel has few empirical parameters like the allostery factor, the probability factor, binding affinity factor and the transporting rate factor, the later two giving an idea of the ion-ion interactions and ion-channel interactions. The equation is programmed for an IBM compatible personal computer in MS-FORTRAN and the simulation data has been analysed to explain selectivity of the channels to particular ion. The simulation results show that the ions smaller than the permeable ions tend to act as inhibitors, the amplitude depending on the concentrations of the ions and comparative transport rate of the ion in the channel. The program helps easy study of the different parameters on the conducting rate of the permeable ion through the channel which otherwise would demand intricate experimental set-ups.

Computer Simulation↗

PubMed1991

A program to calculate the isoelectric point of macromolecules.

A program containing 260 sentences, written in BASIC and adapted to be run in personal computers, has been developed to calculate isoelectric point values of macromolecules (proteins, nucleic acids, polysaccharides, etc.). This implies the calculation of the coefficients and roots of a particular kind of polynomial. With common personal computers and using a compiled version of the program, the time required to calculate pI values of macromolecules containing for example, 9, 12, and 18 acid-base residues with different pK values was around 10 s, 2 min, and 2 h respectively.

Algorithms↗

PubMed1991

A PC based computer program to aid the preparation of solvent systems for the HPLC.

An interactive computer program, SOLCOMP, is developed which calculates the volumes of the components that are to be added to obtain either a fresh solvent mixture or a new solvent system from the old one of required composition. The code is implemented in MicroSoft FORTRAN and GWBASIC which runs on any IBM compatible PC under MSDOS environment.

Algorithms↗

PubMed1991

Median filtering is appropriate to signals of saccadic eye movements.

In this paper we show nonlinear standard and hybrid median filters are appropriate to the filtering of signals of saccadic eye movements. Although these filters effectively attenuate noise, they do not harm the parameters of saccades, particularly the maximum velocity which is an important indicator of certain diseases and disorders in man. The filters have been tested by simulation as well as actual eye movement signals recorded electro-oculographically and photoelectrically.

Algorithms↗

PubMed1991

Basic algorithms for random sampling and treatment randomization.

Five BASIC programs to select random samples from populations or to randomize treatments are presented. Program 1 is used to obtain randomization of any number of treatments in an equal number of positions or test units for any number of replicates. Program 2 produces latin squares of any size for treatment randomization. Program 3 is used to obtain a specific number of randomly selected samples from a population without replacement. Program 4 produces quasi-latin squares that have treatments repeated equally in all rows and columns, with identical treatments either spaced or not. Program 5 can be used with any size grid to place 3-100 treatments in equal proportions and with spacing of identical treatments. Both programs 4 and 5 allow for horizontal and vertical separation between identical treatments at sampling places while still retaining the quality of randomness. These programs should facilitate random sampling and randomization procedures which are required to correctly analyze experiments by the methods of statistical probability.

Algorithms↗

PubMed1992

Development and testing of a PC-based system with menu-driven software for evaluating lung function in ICU patients.

This paper describes a portable PC-based system for measuring respiratory system resistance (Rrs) and dynamic lung compliance (Cdyn) in intubated and mechanically ventilated patients. A pneumotachometer placed immediately proximal to the endotracheal tube measures flow, and a pressure catheter with its tip at the distal end of the endotracheal tube measures lateral airway pressure. The software is menu driven and allows the user to select from options including patient information display and entry, data collection, data editing, and waveform display. Up to ten consecutive breaths can be analyzed per run. Rrs and Cdyn are calculated on a breath by breath basis. Results are displayed to the screen, output to the system printer, and written to a user-specified ACSII data file. The system was tested by measuring resistance and compliance in a model of the lung, and results compared with those calculated from analog signals. It was then used to make measurements in intubated post-operative patients. Results were comparable to those previously reported in intubated ICU patients without primary lung disease. We conclude that our system provides reliable measurements of lung mechanics in the intubated patient, and represents an inexpensive and more versatile alternative to microprocessor-based ventilator systems currently being marketed.

Intensive Care Units↗

PubMedDate not supplied

A computerized data analysis system for electrogastrogram.

A comprehensive computerized data analysis system for the electrogastrogram is presented in this paper. The electrogastrogram (EGG) is a cutaneous measurement of electrical activity of the stomach by positioning electrodes on the abdominal skin. Since the signal-to-noise ratio of the EGG is very low, visual analysis is impossible. The data analysis system presented in this paper contains a series of PC programs to perform: (a) data acquisition and real-time A/D conversion; (b) digital filter design and digital filtering; (c) adaptive cancellation of respiratory artifact; (d) smoothed power spectral analysis; (e) adaptive running spectral analysis; (f) two- or three-dimensional display of the EGG and analysis results. The basic principles of the system and sample results are presented.

Data Display↗

PubMed1992

Measures of clinical agreement for nominal and categorical data: the kappa coefficient.

The desire to determine the extent inter-rater measurements obtained in a clinical setting are free from measurement error and reflect true scores has spurned a renewed interest in assessment of reliability. The kappa coefficient is considered the statistic of choice to analyze the reliability of nominal and categorical types of data recorded on the same patient by more than one clinician. This paper presents a simple computer program written in PASCAL that can be used in a clinical environment to quickly determine the reliability of nominal or categorical data. This computer program calculates both weighted and non-weighted kappa coefficients with their corresponding standard errors as well as bias-correcting jackknife estimates of kappa for use with small sample sizes.

Data Interpretation, Statistical↗

PubMed1992

Computation of dose distribution for linear radioactive sources in brachytherapy.

This paper describes a microcomputer program, written in Quick BASIC (Version 4.5), that allows the planning of radio-therapeutic doses in brachytherapy. The program allows the calculation of treatment times of prescribed doses, dose rates in selected points, as well as the computation of 2D and 3D isodose contours, of any linear source distribution. Also the volume enclosed by a chosen dose rate can be calculated. The results agree better than 1% with the results reported in the literature for discrete dose rate values, and for isodose contours.

Brachytherapy↗

PubMed1993

MSR--a program for kinetic analysis of enzyme modification data on PC.

A computer program has been written for the kinetic method of substrate reaction (MSR) in enzyme modification studies. The program analyses a series of progress curves that continuously record signals (absorbance, fluorescence emission, etc.) reflecting the concentration changes of substrate or product during enzyme modification in the presence of substrate. After the apparent kinetic parameters are calculated by graphdrawing or curve-fitting method, a series of relevant plots is shown, from which information about the enzyme-inhibitor interaction can be deduced and microscopic kinetic constants calculated.

Animals↗

PubMed1993

CORDAT II: a new program for data acquisition and on-line calculation of hemodynamic and regional myocardial dimension parameters.

The present paper describes a new computer program for data acquisition and on-line evaluation of hemodynamic parameters. The hardware setup is based on a standard i486 personal computer equipped with an analog to digital converter and an additional display controller. During data acquisition the multitasking program automatically detects the beginning and the end of a cardiac cycle. Immediately after the recognition of a cardiac cycle the program calculates and displays user-defined hemodynamic parameters and mean values over a given time or a given number of beats. There is a high correlation between manually determined hemodynamic parameters and the parameters determined automatically by CORDAT II.

Aorta↗

PubMed1993

Expanding the capabilities of laboratory instruments using built-in microprocessors and serial interfaces: adapting an LKB Ultrospec II UV spectrophotometer for scanning and enzyme kinetic analyses.

An IBM-compatible microcomputer was used to enable an LKB Ultrospec II UV-Visible spectrophotometer to perform two features which are not available on the basic unit: wavelength scanning and enzyme kinetic analyses. The spectrophotometer was controlled using a simple BASIC program, an RS232c interface and the instrument's own built-in microprocessor. This technique required no special analogue to digital conversion hardware or software and only a rudimentary knowledge of programming. User-designed software permits a greater degree of flexibility in routines and output formats than is offered in most pre-programmed instruments, while offering substantial savings.

Data Display↗

PubMed1993

Automatic data acquisition of anthropological measurements.

A computer program in BASIC is presented which enables the input of measurement data from a caliper directly into specific records in a dBASE IV or PARADOX database. The program circumvents the tedious procedure of first recording measurement data manually and then entering the data into a computer. Thus much time can be saved and the risk of wrong data entry is lowered. The program was easy to use, and no significant problems were encountered. Necessary hardware is a standard IBM compatible desktop computer, Mitotoyu Digimatic (TM) calipers and a Mitotoyu Digimatic MUX-10 Multiplexer (TM).

Anthropology, Physical↗

PubMed1993

A FORTRAN program for the statistical analysis of incomplete time series data sets by a method of partition.

A program written in FORTRAN-77 which executes an analysis for periodicity of a time series data set is presented. Time series analysis now has applicability and use in a wide range of biomedical studies. The analytical method termed here a method of partition is derived from periodogram analysis, but uses the principle of analysis of variance (ANOVA). It is effective when used on incomplete data sets. An example in which a data set is made progressively more incomplete by the random removal of values demonstrates this, and a listing of the program and a sample output in both an abbreviated and a full version are given.

Analysis of Variance↗

PubMed1993

Randomization algorithms in BASIC for experimental design.

Six BASIC programs for randomization of treatments with respect to space and time are presented. Program 1 is used to obtain randomization of several treatments in an equal number of positions for any number of replicates such that identical treatments are not replicated successively in the same position. Program 2 randomly assigns different treatments as specified in a grid of any size either (a) without constraints or (b) so that similar treatments do not occur next to each other either horizontally or vertically, or (c) horizontally, vertically, or diagonally. Program 3 assigns from five to 100 different treatments in equal proportions to a grid of specified size with treatments separated as in Program 2 (c) above. Program 4 randomly assigns any number of different treatments in equal proportions to a Latin square-like grid containing row and column cells with a multiple number of the treatments such that no identical treatments are replicated successively in the same row, column, or both row and column. Program 5 produces Latin squares of letters with unique numbered subscripts randomized. Program 6 makes Greco-Latin squares with an odd number of letters per side. These programs will aid in randomization of treatments within positions and replicates when a degree of uniformity or spacing of treatments is desired in order to increase the power of statistical tests. Examples of program output are discussed for tests with bark beetle pheromone components.

Algorithms↗