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PubMed1972

The role of circulating catecholamines in sweat production in man.

1. The effects of intravenous infusions of adrenaline, isoprenaline and noradrenaline on human sweating were assessed by continuous measurement of total body weight loss in normal subjects.2. All three catecholamines increased the rate of weight loss but isoprenaline was effective in a much smaller dosage than either adrenaline or noradrenaline.3. beta-adrenoceptor blockade with propranolol reduced the response.4. The response was not abolished by collecting expired air in a Douglas bag suggesting that it was not due to an increase in respiratory water loss.5. The response was not abolished by atropine infusions suggesting that it was not mediated through cholinergic sudomotor nerves.6. It is concluded that intravenous infusions of catecholamines may elicit a small, non-cholinergically mediated sweat response in man.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

Neuroeffector characteristics of sweat glands in the human hand activated by regular neural stimuli.

1. Intraneural electrical stimuli (0.3-1.2 mA, 0.2 ms) were delivered via a tungsten microelectrode inserted into a cutaneous fascicle in the median nerve at the wrist in twenty-eight normal subjects. The effects on sweat glands within the innervation zone were monitored as changes of skin resistance and water vapour partial pressure (WVPP). Regional anaesthesia of the brachial plexus in the axilla eliminated spontaneous sympathetic activity and reflex effects. 2. At stimulation frequencies of 0.1 Hz each stimulus evoked a transient skin resistance reduction, the amplitude of which varied initially but reached a steady state of less than 10 k omega after, on average, nine responses. If preceded by stimulation-free intervals of 5 min or more, up to fifteen stimuli were required before the first response occurred. With higher frequencies individual responses started to merge, skin resistance levels decreased successively and levelled off around 10 Hz. The total change of resistance (0-10 Hz) was 101 +/- 46 (n = 9) k omega and the higher the pre-stimulus level, the larger the reduction (r = 0.68, P less than 0.05). 3. Stimulus-response latencies to the onset of a skin resistance reduction (single stimuli or trains of six impulses/20 Hz given at 0.1 Hz) shortened initially but reached steady-state values after on average nine to twelve impulses. Average conduction velocity between stimulating electrode and skin resistance recording site was 0.78 m/s and average time for electrical neuroeffector transfer in sweat glands was estimated to be 348 ms. 4. In addition to direct stimulation-induced resistance responses there were also small spontaneous reductions of resistance. They were seen in all subjects and at all frequencies but were more common in some subjects and occurred predominantly at the beginning of stimulation or at changes of frequency. They occurred independently at two skin sites in the same subject and disappeared during stimulation-free periods and after atropine. 5. With train stimulation (six impulses/20 Hz) at 0.1 Hz, each train evoked transient increases of WVPP of 1 mmHg or less in some subjects (latency around 1.6 s). After averaging weak increases were seen also after single stimuli in two subjects. Increases of stimulation current or frequency led to slowly developing sustained increases of WVPP concomitant with decreases in skin resistance. 6. Responses in skin resistance and WVPP to train stimulation at 0.1 Hz were suppressed in a dose-dependent way by I.V. injections of atropine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Adult↗

PubMed1960

A study of thermoregulatory and emotional sweating in man by skin ion transfer.

Local introduction of atropine and dibenzyline into human skin was carried out by iontophoresis. Both thermoregulatory and emotional sweating were blocked by atropine but were not blocked by dibenzyline. It would seem that emotional sweating produced as a result of a physical stress situation is partly or predominately under cholinergic control.

Emotions↗

PubMed1963

Sweating: its rapid response to muscular work.

Marked increases in sweating rate occurred within 1.5 seconds after the initiation of muscular activity in a warm room. This increase did not seem dependent upon thermal stimuli, but was related to the work rate, and the ambient temperature, or the sweating rate during the pre-exercise perhiod.

Physical Exertion↗

PubMed1982

Transepithelial potential during strontium-induced spontaneous sweating.

Transepithelial electrical potential difference (PD) of the secretory portion of the rhesus monkey palm eccrine sweat gland was studied in both Ca2+-containing (control and Ca2+-free Sr2+ media. In the control medium, the luminal PD was a saturation function of the methacholine (MCH) concentration, reaching a plateau at about -6 mV (lumen negative) at 10(-5) M MCH. In the Sr2+ medium, the luminal PD increased spontaneously with a time course similar to that the spontaneous sweat secretion (SSS). Like SSS, the spontaneous luminal PD in the Sr2+ medium is a saturation function of the Sr2+ concentration in the bath, reaching a plateau at -9 mV at 8 mM Sr2+. Addition of MCH to the Sr2+ medium caused a rapid increase in the lumen-negative PD as seen in the control medium. The spontaneous lumen-negative PD was abolished by subsequent addition of Ca2+ to the bath, as was the SSS [K. Sato, Am. J. Physiol. 239 (Cell Physiol. 8): C90-C97, 1980]. The data further reinforce the notion that Sr2+-induced SSS represents true secretory processes which are triggered by Sr2+ leaking into the cell bypassing the receptor-agonist interaction.

Animals↗

PubMed1988

Metastatic eccrine sweat gland carcinoma: case report.

Eccrine sweat gland carcinoma is a rare malignancy of skin adnexa with potential aggressive growth and metastatic spread. We report here a case of eccrine carcinoma arising on a finger with widespread pulmonary metastasis. A brief synopsis of the pathological and clinical aspects of eccrine sweat gland carcinoma is presented and currently available therapeutic modalities are discussed.

Adenocarcinoma, Papillary↗

PubMed1975

Nature of the sweat glands in the hairy skin of the beagle.

The local pharmacology, the thermal response and the response to hypothalamic stimulation of sweat glands of the hairy surface of the beagle are described. The results, together with those of electron-microscopic examinations, support the idea that these sweat glands are apocrine and are not directly innervated. No clear relationship with thermoregulation could be found and a pheromonal function is tentatively suggested.

Acetylcholine↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Adenocarcinoma of an eccrine sweat gland--the diagnostic problems].

Eccrine adenocarcinomas rarely present a clinical aspect that suggests a malignancy. We present a case of an adenocarcinoma of an eccrine sweat gland with a moderate degree of differentiation associated with a verruca vulgaris (papilloma). The verrucous tissue contained a large number of melanocytes giving the macroscopical aspect of a malignant melanoma. The light microscopy elucidated the problems of diagnosis. The immunological status may be responsible for this association between a benign tumour of the epidermis with a viral histogenesis and the carcinoma of an eccrine sweat gland.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1989

[Sweat gland tumors in Niger. Anatomopathology].

The authors report 15 cases of sweat gland tumour observed over 2 years in Niger where their pathology was never studied. These tumours accounted for 0.38 p. 100 of all examinations performed during the same period at the pathological laboratory of the University of Niamey. They ranked sixth among the diagnoses of skin pathology. Only routine histological techniques were used. The diagnoses obtained could be divided into 5 groups. Eight women presented with partly solid cystic tumours located on the legs in 5 cases; their structure was typical of nodular hidradenoma. Two male patients had cyst-pitted tumours the superficial portion of which showed a structure of papillary eccrine adenoma, while the deep portion contained a multitude of cysts with atrophic walls; the authors consider this type of tumour as a variant of papillary eccrine adenoma. One patient had a syringocystadenoma which also included a large cyst. Finally, one patient presented with a chondroid syringoma in the axillary region, and 3 patients had histologically aggressive carcinomas located on the sole, forehead and axillary region respectively. Clinical and paraclinical investigations failed to detect any deep malignancy in these three patients, and their tumours were regarded as compatible with sweat gland carcinomas. In this series, two lesions were unusually numerous: carcinomas and nodular hydradenomas. The first named probably are a consequence of the socio-economic conditions prevailing in the population of Niger: poverty prevents patients from consulting for diseases which produce no symptoms, which artificially increases the apparent incidence of aggressive lesions. As for nodular hydradenomas, they are large owing to the presence of cysts.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1989

Palmar sweat index use with children in pain research.

This article addresses (a) historical support of the palmar sweat index as an indication of pain; (b) the utility and appropriateness of this measure as used with children; (c) specific patterns and relationships of palmar sweat to the pain experience; and (d) developmental issues relevant to children. Areas of needed research are discussed.

Child↗

PubMed1988

Mucinous eccrine sweat gland adenocarcinoma of the eyelid.

A firm, slow-growing cystic mass of the left upper eyelid developed in a 73-year-old man 5 years after a clinically diagnosed "sebaceous cyst" at the same site had been incised and drained. Histopathological examination disclosed a primary mucinous adenocarcinoma of eccrine sweat gland origin. The patient had no recurrence after 3.5 years of follow-up. Histochemical demonstration of sialomucin differentiates mucinous sweat gland carcinoma from other mucus-secreting adenocarcinomas, such as those arising from lacrimal gland tissue. Enzymatic histochemical analyses or ultrastructural studies are needed to distinguish between mucinous adenocarcinomas of eccrine origin and those of apocrine origin.

Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous↗

PubMed1988

[Clinical manifestations and treatment of sweat gland carcinoma--analysis of 22 cases].

Twenty-two patients with sweat gland carcinoma treated during the past 8 years are reported. They constitute 4.4% of malignant lesions of the skin during the same period. Of these 22 patients, 2 were apocrine gland carcinoma, 15 eccrine carcinoma, 4 hidradenocarcinoma and 1 cylindroma. In 11 patients with distant metastasis, 90.9% had lymphatic metastasis and 36.3% had blood metastasis. Vascular disseminations were mainly to the bone, lung and skin in order of incidence. Sweat gland carcinoma is rare and of low malignancy with evident tendency of recurrence. Prognosis was mainly related to the presence of distant metastasis. It is believed that the enlarged local resection should be given to patients without metastasis. On the other hand, local resection plus regional dissection should be performed on patients with metastasis. Post-operative irradiation may be helpful to prevent distant metastasis.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1985

[Contribution of monoclonal antibody D 47 in the study of sweat gland pathology].

D 47 is a monoclonal antibody (IgG2) reacting with a surface antigen of cortical thymocytes. On normal human skin, D 47 was found to react with a cytoplasmic antigen of the cells of the secretory portion of eccrine sweat glands (ESG). No reactivity with D 47 is detected on the excretory part of ESG, on apocrine glands and all other cutaneous structures. In this work we studied through an indirect immunofluorescence method on frozen skin sections the reactivity pattern of D 47 on a group of epithelial skin tumours of certain or alleged glandular differentiation. These consisted of: eccrine spiradenoma (ES, 1 case); chondroid syringoma (CS, 1 case); syringomas of the eyelid (1 case); clear-cell hidradenocarcinoma (1 case); eccrine porocarcinoma (1 case); naevus sebaceus of Jadassohn (2 cases, one of which associated to a syringocystadenoma papilliferum); clear-cell acanthoma (1 case); extramammary Paget's disease (3 cases); basal-cell epithelioma (2 cases). D 47 yielded in a strong labelling of a significant proportion of cells in the cases of ES and CS, while on the remaining tumours, apart from normal ESG occasionally present in the peritumoral connective tissue, no reactivity was seen. From this study it becomes clear that D 47 represents an immunohistologic marker of eccrine-secretory differentiation and that it can be applied in the investigation of the differentiation and of the differential diagnosis of sweat-gland neoplasms.

Adenoma, Sweat Gland↗

PubMed1986

[Adenoid cystic sweat gland cancer].

Two primary adenoid cystic carcinomas of the eccrine sweat glands of the skin are presented. This tumor, first described in recent years, represents the rarest form of carcinoma of the eccrine sweat gland. The tumor demonstrates characteristic histological features and clinically often exhibits slow progression and absence of lymph-node metastases. The most important differential diagnosis to be excluded is metastasis of an adenocarcinoma of an internal organ.

Adult↗

PubMed1988

[Apocrine carcinoma of the breast--a morphologic comparison of the apocrine sweat glands and the apocrine metaplastic epithelia in mastopathy].

An operatively removed apocrine carcinoma of the breast from a 62-year-old Japanese lady has been observed by the ABC method, using the monoclonal antibody 115D8. The cancer cells and metaplastic epithelia exhibited similar ultrastructural findings (an apical snout, apocrine granules, etc.) as the apocrine sweat gland cells, although no evidence of apocrine secretion could be detected. The immunohistochemical testing, using monoclonal antibody, 115D8, showed an apical, linear, dot-like, staining in the supranuclear regions on the apocrine sweat gland cells and on the apocrine metaplastic cells of the mammary gland. Similar stainability also was observed in the well-differentiated area of the apocrine carcinoma, while a heterogeneity in staining, such as unstained cells and diffuse cytoplasmic-stained cells were found in the poorly-differentiated areas. These abnormal staining patterns indicate the malignant changes of the apocrine cells.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Morphopathology of mixed sweat-gland tumors.

Mixed sweat-gland tumors were studied on 11 biopsies, of which two showed clear-cut morphological features of malignancy. Stress was laid upon the sudoriferous-duct histogenesis of such tumors. Several peculiarities were carefully investigated, especially epithelial proliferation in sheets, cords, tubes, isolated cells and certain epithelial metaplasias correlated with various mesenchymal stroma changes, such as fibrosis, myxoid, chondroid or even osseous changes. Special emphasis was also laid upon the comparative aspects between benign and malignant mixed sweat-gland tumors and other similar body tumors.

Adult↗

PubMed1984

Metastasizing eccrine sweat gland carcinoma. Report of a case.

We report a case of eccrine sweat gland carcinoma arising from the occipital region, which later metastasized to the regional lymph nodes and spread widely to the viscera. After wide local excision of the primary tumor, it recurred locally, and then metastasized presumably via regional lymph nodes. Widespread metastasis to visceral organs occurred after a ten-year latent period from the appearance of the original tumor. Histochemical and enzymatic histochemical examinations of the specimens from the original tumor and metastasized lesions obtained at autopsy disclosed the characteristics of eccrine sweat gland tumor.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗

PubMed1976

Adenocarcinoma of eccrine sweat glands.

A man developed left-sided proptosis and orbital edema that progressed during a three-week period. Ten years ago he had a skin lesion of the left lower lid excised and the histopathologic diagnosis then was granular cell myoblastoma. In 1972, the tumor recurred; a biopsy was again performed, but no definite diagnosis was made despite multiple consultations from general and ophthalmic pathologists. Biopsy specimens of the orbit, lids, and preauricular lymph node taken in 1974 showed a poorly differentiated mucus-secreting adenocarcinoma. A comparison of the three biopsy specimens showed cells with similar characteristics. Medical evaluation failed to reveal a primary tumor elsewhere in the body. The tumor most likely arose locally from an eccrine sweat gland. This is the second reported case of an adenocarcinoma of an eccrine sweat gland invading the orbit. The tumor, usually considered radioresistant, was successfully treated with radiotherapy, and the patient has remained free of tumor for 18 months.

Adenocarcinoma↗