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At least 1,207 records · Page 67Linked to original sources

PubMed2003

Intraocular pressure and visual field loss in primary angle closure and primary open angle glaucomas.

AIM: To compare the correlation between visual field loss and the pretreatment intraocular pressure (IOP) in primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG) and primary open angle glaucoma (POAG). METHODS: In a cross sectional observational study of 74 patients (43 PACG, 31 POAG), pretreatment IOP was measured at presentation, before treatment was initiated. The severity of visual field loss was assessed by AGIS score, mean deviation (MD), pattern standard deviation (PSD), and corrected pattern standard deviation (CPSD). Glaucomatous optic neuropathy was assessed from simultaneous stereo disc photographs. RESULTS: There was a stronger correlation between pretreatment IOP and the extent of visual field loss in PACG subjects than in those with POAG for both MD (PACG: Pearson correlation coefficient (r) = 0.43, p = 0.002; r(2) = 0.19), (POAG: r = 0.21, p = 0.13; r(2) = 0.04) and AGIS score (PACG: r = 0.41, p = 0.003; r(2) = 0.17), (POAG: r = 0.23, p = 0.19; r(2) = 0.05 respectively). No such associations were seen for pattern standard deviation (PSD) or corrected pattern standard deviation (CPSD) in either group (p> 0.29). Both horizontal and vertical cup-disc ratio were well correlated with severity of field loss but not with presenting IOP for either diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: This is consistent with the hypothesis of a greater IOP dependence for optic nerve damage in PACG than POAG and, conversely, a greater importance of other, less pressure dependent mechanisms in POAG compared to PACG.

Antimetabolites↗

PubMed1994

The development of visual acuity in the peripheral visual field of human infants: binocular and monocular measurements.

We measured binocular and monocular grating acuity in the peripheral visual field of infants, using a modified preferential looking procedure. Both binocular and monocular peripheral acuity increased between 2 and 11 months of age, but had not reached adult levels at the end of the first year of life. Binocular acuity was always higher than monocular acuity. At all ages tested, acuity was higher in the temporal than in the nasal visual field. We conclude that, in spite of the relative morphological maturity of the peripheral retina, visual acuity develops in the peripheral visual field.

Adult↗

PubMed1984

The visual fields of the tawny owl, Strix aluco L.

The uniocular retinal field of Strix aluco is highly asymmetrical. The maximum width of 124 degrees is less than that recorded in any other vertebrate. Maximum retinal binocular field width equals 48 degrees and the optic axes diverge by 55 degrees. Maximum binocularity occurs above the bill whose tip lies outside of the visual field. The cyclopean retinal field has a maximum width of 201 degrees. Limited data on the visual fields of the pigeon are also presented. All of these data are compared with visual field widths in other species and the significance of the owl eye's tubular shape, its nasad asymmetry, and the possible factors influencing binocular field width are discussed.

Animals↗

PubMed1994

[A study on retinal light sensitivity of normal human visual fields].

The full threshold program of QZS-2 automated perimetry made in China was used to measure the retinal light sensitivity of the central 30 degrees and peripheral 30 degrees-60 degrees visual fields of 111 eyes of 59 normal persons. Their ages ranged from 15-68 years and the average age was 38.4 years. From the corresponding respective comparisons of the results, it is shown that the mean light sensitivity of the macular, central 30 degrees and peripheral 30 degrees-60 degrees visual fields between the left and right eyes has no statistical significant differences (P > 0.05), and there are also no statistical significant differences (P > 0.05) in the mean light sensitivity of the central and peripheral fields between the male and female subjects. The mean light sensitivity declines linearly with the increase of age and eccentricity. The mean light sensitivity of the central and peripheral visual fields decreases 0.6 dB and 0.7 dB, respectively, with each one decade increase of age. The mean light sensitivity also decreases by 2.6 dB per 10 degrees eccentricity. The mean short-term fluctuation in the normal subjects is 1.39 +/- 0.56 dB.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2004

Association of magnetic resonance imaging of anterior optic pathway with glaucomatous visual field damage and optic disc cupping.

PURPOSE: To investigate the association of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of anterior optic pathway with glaucomatous visual field damage and optic disc cupping. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Twenty-three healthy volunteers (controls) and 31 glaucoma patients (14 with primary open angle glaucoma and 17 with normal tension glaucoma) were enrolled. All the participants showed no abnormal signs in their intracranial space and optic tract causing optic nerve atrophy and visual field defect, as confirmed by MRI. Multislice T1-weighted spin-echo imaging was performed in the sagittal plane followed by the coronal plane. MRI enabled the evaluation of the diameter of the optic nerve located in the retro-bulb space and the height of the optic chiasm in an observer-masked fashion. The MRI data were compared with the mean deviation (MD) score of the full threshold static visual field test and the optic cup-disc ratio (C/D ratio). RESULTS: The optic nerve diameter was significantly smaller in glaucoma patients (2.25 +/- 0.33 mm) than in controls (2.47 +/- 0.24 mm) and the height of the optic chiasm was significantly shorter in glaucoma patients (2.12 +/- 0.37 mm) than in controls (2.77 +/- 0.36 mm). The optic nerve diameter showed significant correlation with MD score (r = 0.547, P = 0.001) and C/D ratio (r = 0.407, P = 0.009). These correlations are similar to that between MD score and C/D ratio (r = 0.490, P = 0.001). The height of the optic chiasm showed significant correlation with MD score (r = 0.503, P = 0.01) and low correlation with C/D ratio (r = 0.339, P = 0.113). CONCLUSION: Glaucoma affects the anterior visual pathway anterogradely at least up to the optic chiasm, and these morphologic changes in the anterior visual pathway are correlated with glaucomatous optic nerve damage. MRI of the anterior visual pathway may be a good tool for evaluating glaucomatous damage objectively.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

[Spatial summation: its topography in the central visual field].

PURPOSE: Luminance (L) and area (A) of the stimulus are related by the equation LxAk=constant. We evaluated the k value in 66 positions of the central visual field. METHODS: Ten eyes of 10 healthy subjects were examined for conventional luminous thresholds at 66 positions of the central visual field with the TOP strategy using Goldmann sizes 4, 3.5, 3, 2.5 and 1.9 in the PULSAR perimeter. RESULTS: The k value increased in a lineal manner from the centre towards the periphery (slope=0.01 per degree, average k=0.616, r=0.98, p<0.01) but with unequal slopes at the different meridians. In the inferior hemi-fields it was higher (k=0.657) than in the superior hemi-fields (k=0.574). The k value at the supero-nasal hemifields is quite similar to that found at the paracentral region, and maximum at the temporal inferior region. CONCLUSIONS: Spatial summation in the central visual field has specific values for different positions.

Female↗

PubMed2001

Reversed visual field constrictions in children after vigabatrin withdrawal--true retinal recovery or improved test performance only?

While vigabatrin-associated visual field constrictions have been generally considered irreversible, some case reports have raised the hope of partial improvement after drug withdrawal in occasional patients. Here we describe seven children with epilepsy, whose visual field constrictions, as demonstrated by the kinetic perimetry (Goldmann), attenuated or recovered after discontinuation of vigabatrin therapy. While this improvement may be largely due to better performance in later test sessions, we want to raise the possibility that some visual field recovery may be possible at least in young patients.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2006

Visual field expansion in patients with retinitis pigmentosa.

BACKGROUND: To determine the effectiveness of using spectacle-mounted prisms for field expansion in patients with retinitis pigmentosa (RP). METHODS: Vision-related activities of daily living (V-ADL) questionnaire scores and functional visual field score (FFS) measurements were conducted before and after a one-month trial of spectacle-mounted prisms in those patients with RP who had residual central visual fields of less than 10 degrees. RESULTS: 16 patients were recruited who met study inclusion criteria. Mean V-ADL and FFS at baseline were 67.6 (73%) and 22.9 (46%), respectively. After a 1-month trial using spectacle-mounted prisms, V-ADL and FFS demonstrated significant improvement to 73.4 (80%, p < 0.05) and 27.0 (54%, p < 0.001), respectively. INTERPRETATION: Spectacle-mounted prisms effectively create visual field expansion and noticeable spatial orientation benefits in patients with RP. This may provide an adjunctive tool in low vision rehabilitation and should be considered in all cases with RP with less than 10 degrees of visual field.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

Unsupervised learning with independent component analysis can identify patterns of glaucomatous visual field defects.

PURPOSE: We previously reported the use of clustering by unsupervised learning with machine learning classifiers to segment clusters of patterns in standard automated perimetry (SAP) for glaucoma. In this study, the process of unsupervised learning by independent component analysis decomposed SAP field patterns into axes, and the information represented by these axes was evaluated. METHODS: SAP fields were obtained with the Humphrey Visual Field Analyzer on 189 normal eyes and 156 eyes with glaucomatous optic neuropathy (GON) determined by masked review with stereoscopic optic disc photos. The variational Bayesian independent component analysis mixture model (vB-ICA-mm) partitioned the SAP fields into the most informative number of clusters. Simultaneously, it learned an optimal number of maximally independent axes for each cluster. RESULTS: The most informative number of clusters was two. vB-ICA-mm placed 68.6% of the SAP fields from eyes with GON in a cluster labeled G and 98.4% of the fields from eyes with normal optic discs in a cluster labeled N. Cluster G optimally contained six axes. Post hoc analysis of patterns generated at -1 SD and +2 SD from the cluster G mean on the six axes revealed defects similar to those identified by experts as indicative of glaucoma. SAP fields associated with an axis showed increasing severity as they were located farther in the positive direction from the cluster G mean. CONCLUSIONS: vB-ICA-mm represented the SAP fields with patterns that were meaningful for glaucoma experts. This process also captured severity in the patterns uncovered. These findings should validate vB-ICA-mm as a data mining technique for new and unfamiliar complex tests.

Artificial Intelligence↗

PubMed1990

Glaucomatous visual field damage. Luminance and color-contrast sensitivities.

Using a modified Humphrey perimeter, we evaluated 16 eyes with primary open-angle glaucoma and visual field loss (defects 0.5-3.0 log units in depth), and 14 normal eyes. Each eye was tested twice in random order with conventional luminance-increment static perimetry and with the perimeter modified to produce a high-luminance yellow adapting background and a blue test stimulus. The background was a broad-spectrum light of 500 nm and above (yellow), while the stimulus was a broad-spectrum light of 500 nm and below (blue). Paired comparisons were made between conventional and blue/yellow sensitivities for every point examined (1184 points in 16 diseased eyes and 1036 points in 14 normal eyes). Defect depths were determined by using the age-corrected norms distributed in the Humphrey Statpac software. In glaucomatous eyes, blue/yellow sensitivity showed greater impairment than did conventional perimetric sensitivity, in which defect depths were less than 1.0 log unit. However, for defects greater than 1.0 log unit in depth, conventional perimetric sensitivity and blue/yellow sensitivity showed equivalent degrees of damage. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to compare the ability of blue/yellow and of conventional perimetry in distinguishing between glaucomatous and normal eyes. Results indicated that although blue/yellow color-contrast perimetry may be more sensitive for the detection of incipient glaucomatous damage, in the manifest stages of visual field damage blue/yellow color-contrast perimetry is no more sensitive than is conventional (luminance-increment) perimetry for defining the extent of glaucomatous visual field defects.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

Does saving time using FASTPAC or suprathreshold testing reduce quality of visual fields?

PURPOSE: To compare the clinical performance of two time-saving test strategies in detecting visual field abnormalities. METHODS: One eye of 48 healthy subjects and 87 patients with glaucoma and early visual field loss was tested with the Humphrey perimeter. After an initial 24-2 standard threshold test, three tests using the 24-2 array of test locations were performed in randomized order: standard threshold strategy, FASTPAC threshold strategy, and threshold-related suprathreshold screening strategy. The initial 24-2 test was used as the "gold standard" against which the other three tests were compared. RESULTS: Mean threshold values were 0.3 decibels more sensitive using FASTPAC than the standard threshold test, whereas short-term fluctuation was 0.5 decibels larger. Measured using different criteria for abnormality, sensitivity and specificity of FASTPAC were no different than those of the standard threshold test, but they were better than the suprathreshold screening. Using a very sensitive measure of defect detection in ten different clusters within the field, the standard strategy and FASTPAC performed similarly yet significantly better than the suprathreshold test. CONCLUSIONS: In healthy subjects and patients with early glaucoma, FASTPAC saves 40% of test time without a significant deterioration in defect detection, whereas 52-point suprathreshold screening is not a clinically acceptable alternative.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Interocular visual-field and intraocular-pressure asymmetries in normal-tension-glaucoma.

To evaluate the role of intraocular-pressure (IOP) in the pathogenesis of glaucomatous damage in normal-tension-glaucoma, we investigated whether the eye with the higher IOP had more severe visual-field damage in 23 normal-tension-glaucoma patients. Twelve patients did have more severe visual-field defects in the eye with the higher IOP, but 11 had more severe defects in the eye with the lower IOP. There was no correlation either between IOP and visual-field damage (r = 0.16; p = NS) or between the interocular differences in IOP and in visual-field damage (r = 0.21; p = NS). Thus, although intraocular pressure may contribute to glaucomatous damage even in normal-tension-glaucoma patients, other factors must be involved as well.

Adult↗

PubMed2001

Visual field loss associated with vigabatrin: pathological correlations.

Pathological changes are reported in the anterior visual pathways of a 41 year old man with complex partial seizures treated with vigabatrin who developed bilateral visual field constriction. There was peripheral retinal atrophy with loss of ganglion cells and loss of nerve fibres in the optic nerves, chiasm, and tracts. No evidence of intramyelinic oedema was seen. These findings suggest that the primary site of injury lies within the ganglion cells in the retina. The degree of atrophy seen would suggest that the visual field loss is irreversible.

Adult↗

PubMed1995

Covert orienting biases in scene-based reference frames: orientation priming and visual field differences.

Performance advantages for stimuli presented in the right versus the left visual field have been found in a variety of attentional tasks. Such advantages were exploited in the present set of studies to examine orientation priming and directional biases in retinotopic and scene-based spatial coordinates. The results demonstrate that directional biases occur within spatial coordinates across orientation transformations that dissociate retinotopic from scene-based visual half fields. The results are discussed concerning the representation of spatial maps in higher visual analysis, the role of spatial coordinates in guiding covert orienting, and methods of presenting stimuli in the right or left visual field to test for functional hemispheric asymmetries.

Adult↗

PubMed1983

Relationship between baring of circumlinear vessels of the optic disc and glaucomatous visual field loss.

Stereo disc photographs of the eyes of 232 patients with normal or elevated intraocular pressure were reviewed to assess the value of baring of circumlinear vessels of the optic nerve head as a sign of glaucomatous damage. Baring and the presence of glaucomatous visual field defects were significantly correlated, as were this sign and consistent elevation of the intraocular pressure in patients without a visual field defect. Baring was absent in 35% of the eyes with circumlinear vessels and known glaucomatous visual field defects. However, it was present in only 6% of the eyes with normal pressure, a normal visual field and circumlinear vessels. Therefore, this sign should lead to further evaluation.

Adult↗

PubMed1985

What do glaucomatous visual fields really look like in fine-grid computerized profile perimetry?

Analysis of the visual fields of 20 glaucoma patients by Octopus automatic perimeter, using 229 F2 programs consisting of 30 degrees long profiles with 1 degree resolution and double measurements of the light sensitivity threshold, revealed that: (1) there is a positive correlation between mean loss and mean short-term fluctuations; (2) short-term fluctuations tend to be larger with increasing loss of sensitivity; (3) however, small short-term fluctuations were also seen in areas of greatly reduced sensitivity; (4) analysis of the F2 programs showed 12 different abnormal patterns; (5) the most frequently found, 'increased scatter with normal sensitivity', appears to be the earliest perimetric sign of glaucoma, and (6) progression of the glaucomatous damage produces a 'grey area of increased scatter', usually accompanied by reduced sensitivity with a poorly defined lower and upper threshold. It is shown that a relative scotoma does not consist of a sharply bordered area with definite loss of sensitivity, but instead of a region of increased scatter with poorly definable borders. It is indicated that these sensitivity disturbances cannot be detected without extensive threshold perimetry. These findings can, furthermore, explain why quite large differences occur from one visual field examination to the next without the involvement of actual pathological changes. For combined display of several F2 programs a new mode of graphical representation is introduced.

Aged↗

PubMed1983

Optically induced strabismus results in visual field losses in cats.

Kittens were reared using goggles containing a prism that simulated a convergent strabismus. A bilateral loss of 30 degrees of the contralateral monocular visual field resulted, indicating that the components of the visual pathways representing the nasal visual field are more sensitive to spatially conflicting visual inputs than the components representing the temporal field. Differences in the extent of binocular visual fields occurred, with alternating fixators demonstrating a full field and unilateral fixators demonstrating a binocular field reduction ipsilateral to the deviating eye.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[The central visual field in flicker stimulation].

The authors reported their results of flicker visual field in ganzfeld and 17 central points with 3, 8, 15 and 35 Hertz flicker. They tested 4 groups of control subjects and 12 patients with glaucoma. The flicker visual field may be a useful aid in determining campimetric abnormalities for glaucoma patients with normal static perimetry.

Adult↗