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At least 1,225 records · Page 68Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

Progressive bulbar palsy: a case report diagnosed by lingual symptoms.

The aim of this report is to show a case of Progressive Bulbar Palsy (PBP), diagnosed by oral medicine specialists, from oral symptoms of the disease. We have found no more than two published cases of PBP diagnosed by lingual alterations. We have followed the patient for almost four years, which is remarkable considering that the normal survival period for these patients is up to three years. We would like to emphasize the role of general dentists in the diagnosis of systemic conditions based on an oral examination that should include the oro-facial muscles.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Emotion in the criminal psychopath: fear image processing.

We tested the hypothesis that the response mobilization that normally accompanies imagery of emotional situations is deficient in psychopaths. Cardiac, electrodermal, and facial muscle responses of 54 prisoners, assigned to low- and high-psychopathy groups using R. D. Hare's (1991) Psychopathy Checklist--Revised, were recorded while subjects imagined fearful and neutral scenes in a cued sentence-processing task. Groups did not differ on self-ratings of fearfulness, imagery ability, or imagery experience. Low-psychopathy subjects showed larger physiological reactions during fearful imagery than high-psychopathy subjects. Extreme scores on the antisocial behavior factor of psychopathy predicted imagery response deficits. Results are consistent with the idea that semantic and emotional processes are dissociated in psychopaths.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1996

Inactivation of brainstem motor nuclei blocks expression but not acquisition of the rabbit's classically conditioned eyeblink response.

Rabbits were eyeblink conditioned while their accessory abducens nucleus (ACC), facial nucleus (FN), and surrounding reticular formation (RF) were temporarily inactivated with microinjections of muscimol to determine whether these structures are critically involved in acquisition of the conditioned eyeblink response (CR). Rabbits performed no CRs or unconditioned responses (URs) during inactivation training. Training was continued without inactivation and rabbits performed the CR at asymptotic levels from the start of training without inactivation. They had fully learned the CR while their ACC, FN, and RF were inactivated, despite performing no CRs or URs at all during inactivation. These results rule out any critical role for neurons within the ACC, FN, or surrounding RF in acquisition of the classically conditioned eyeblink response.

Abducens Nerve↗
PubMed2005

Affective modulation of recognition bias.

A correspondence of processing on the familiarity-novelty and positive-negative dimensions, particularly in the earliest processing stages, is proposed. Familiarity manipulations should, therefore, not only influence affective evaluations (e.g., the mere exposure effect), but affective manipulations should also bias familiarity judgments (e.g., in recognition). In Experiment 1, both previously presented and new recognition test words were primed by matching, nonmatching, positive, or negative context words. In Experiment 2, more diffuse affective states were induced during recognition test trials by contracting facial muscles that corresponded to positive and negative expressions. Particularly when participants were less aware of the familiarity and affective manipulations, corresponding effects were found. Positive affect led to a more liberal recognition bias, and negative affect led to more cautious tendencies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Delayed onset of neurologic deterioration following anoxia/ischemia coincides with appearance of impaired brain mitochondrial respiration and decreased cytochrome oxidase activity.

We previously demonstrated markedly inhibited brain mitochondrial respiration only in cats that (a) were hyperglycemic at anoxia and (b) had neurologic signs, i.e., fasciculations in tongue or facial muscles or focal seizures following reoxygenation. However, since the relationship between time of onset of mitochondrial dysfunction and neurologic signs was unclear, in the present study we killed postanoxic cats immediately when signs first appeared. Cerebrocortical homogenates and isolated brain mitochondria only from symptomatic cats showed markedly inhibited substrate-, ADP-, and uncoupler-stimulated respiration rates. Cytochrome oxidase activity and cytochrome aa3 concentrations were also markedly reduced in these mitochondria. Since brain mitochondrial function was impaired when neurologic signs first appeared, mitochondrial alterations are an important early organellar change correlated with development of neurologic deterioration following anoxia.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Oral medicine -- update for the dental practitioner. Disorders of orofacial sensation and movement.

This series provides an overview of current thinking in the more relevant areas of oral medicine for primary care practitioners, written by the authors while they were holding the Presidencies of the European Association for Oral Medicine and the British Society for Oral Medicine, respectively. A book containing additional material will be published. The series gives the detail necessary to assist the primary dental clinical team caring for patients with oral complaints that may be seen in general dental practice. Space precludes inclusion of illustrations of uncommon or rare disorders, or discussion of disorders affecting the hard tissues. Approaching the subject mainly by the symptomatic approach -- as it largely relates to the presenting complaint -- was considered to be a more helpful approach for GDPs rather than taking a diagnostic category approach. The clinical aspects of the relevant disorders are discussed, including a brief overview of the aetiology, detail on the clinical features and how the diagnosis is made. Guidance on management and when to refer is also provided, along with relevant websites which offer further detail.

Bell Palsy↗
PubMed1985

The midbrain periaqueductal gray: a brainstem structure involved in vocalization.

Experiments were performed on one Macaca fascicularis and three Macaca mulatta monkeys. Electrical stimulation of the midbrain periaqueductal gray (PAG) elicited phonation closely resembling that naturally produced by such animals. Electromyographic (EMG) recordings from laryngeal, thoracic, tongue, and facial muscles showed increased levels of activity following PAG stimulation. Recordings were made from single neurons located within the PAG in one monkey. These neurons increased their firing rates prior to the onset of laryngeal electromyographic activity or vocalization. Spike-triggered averaging and microstimulation indicated that some of the PAG neurons may project to the laryngeal system. The function of the PAG is discussed with regard to vocal initiation, voice intensity, coordination of different muscle systems during vocalization, and for emotional vocalizations.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Spaciostructural analyses of mandibular and perioral soft tissue movements during mastication.

We considered that elucidation of the movements of perioral soft tissues during mastication would be useful in evaluating masticatory movements. However, evaluation of movements specific to soft tissues is difficult because movements of the surface of the lower face during mastication include movements of the muscles of facial expression and mandibular movements. The aims of this study were to elucidate the influence of mandibular movements on perioral soft tissue movements during mastication using principal component analysis (PCA) and to abstract the component of movement specific to soft tissues in order to evaluate masticatory movements from the movements of perioral soft tissues. The subjects were 10 healthy persons with complete natural dentition. The experimental food used in this study was sufficiently softened chewing gum. The results of this study showed that the movements of mandibular and perioral soft tissue were closely related in the first and third PCs; in other words, the second PC was the component of movement specific to soft tissues. Thus, elucidation of the second PC is useful for evaluation of masticatory movements from movements of perioral soft tissues.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Deletions in the spinal muscular atrophy gene region in a newborn with neuropathy and extreme generalized muscular weakness.

A newborn presented with respiratory insufficiency requiring artificial ventilation, inability to swallow, lack of spontaneous movements including the facial muscles, and areflexia. Nerve conduction velocities were not recordable. Molecular analysis showed a homozygous deletion in the spinal muscular atrophy (SMN) gene region on chromosome 5q. Pathological and neuropathological examination revealed a normal number of anterior horn cells, hypomyelinated axons in peripheral nerves and some atrophy of skeletal muscle fibres in combination with sarcoplasmic glycogen accumulation. This observation illustrates that severe congenital neuropathy can result from deletions in the SMN gene.

Axons↗
PubMed2002

Follow-up in patients with oral cancer.

PURPOSE: To provide standardized follow-up of patients who underwent oral cancer treatment, the German-Austrian-Swiss Cooperative Group on Tumors of the Maxillofacial Region (DOSAK) established a schedule of check-up examinations for a 5-year period. MATERIALS AND METHODS: On the basis of a questionnaire, we investigated oncologic follow-up in respect to early detection of recurrences, cost and outcome efficiencies, and physician and patient judgment in the development of impairments. RESULTS: Only 11% of all operated patients participated regularly in the follow-up program within the first 3 years. Ultrasound was the most effective imaging for the detection of recurrences. Swallowing, speaking, tongue mobility, and facial appearance were the most common problems. Troubles with swallowing were mainly induced by poorly fitted dentures, discontinuity of the mandible, osteomyelitis, and xerostomia. Outer appearance was mostly impaired by scars, missing facial muscle function, and edema. The problem of chronic pain remained unsolved. CONCLUSION: Due to the sequelae of treatment, this study shows the need for close medical and psychological follow-up.

Austria↗
PubMed2001

Alveolar soft-part sarcoma of the cheek.

Alveolar soft-part sarcoma is a rare malignant tumour of uncertain histogenesis, the two main sites of which are the lower extremities in adults and the head and neck in children. We know of only three case reports of intraoral locations without tongue involvement. Here, we describe the first case of an alveolar soft-part sarcoma of the cheek which presented in a patient over 30 years old and had an extremely rapid and eventually fatal evolution. We have also reviewed hypotheses about its aetiology.

Biopsy↗
PubMed2002

Rehabilitation of the paralysed or lax lower eyelid using a graft of conchal cartilage.

Excessive laxity of the tarso-ligamentous sling of the lower eyelid may be caused by inadequate muscular support (resulting from injury to the muscle, facial palsy or senile degeneration) or prolonged mechanical distension (exophthalmia). Numerous techniques have been devised for functional reconstruction of the distended lower eyelid, based upon the principle that restoring the lower eyelid to its anatomical position will improve lacrimal transit andre-establish its natural protective function. We now use an autologous conchal cartilage graft to treat the distended or atonic lower eyelid. We review our results in a retrospective study of 20 patients, and aim to identify the indications for this procedure and to evaluate its advantages and disadvantages relative to other existing methods. All of our patients reported functional improvement after the operation in terms of decreased dry-eye symptoms, less epiphora and a decline in keratitis and conjunctivitis. All patients also reported a visible cosmetic improvement postoperatively. The major drawback of this operation is the partial loss of the visual field when looking down, due to the limited lowering of the lower eyelid. The stability of our results compares favourably with that achieved using other currently available techniques. We conclude that autologous conchal cartilage grafting is an effective procedure for improving both the function and the appearance of the atonic lower eyelid.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Achieving the "natural look" in rhytidectomy.

Achieving the "natural look" in rhytidectomy and satisfying my aging face patient population are the primary motivating factors that have guided me to develop my personal philosophy and technique for facelifting. The following article will consider how to achieve the "natural look" in rhytidectomy using the modified deep plane-extended SMAS rhytidectomy technique, including the benefits derived from this efficient face-lift technique. It outlines how to give proper individualized consideration to each patient from the initial consultation, through the preoperative evaluation and workup, as well as anatomic indications for the type of face lift to be performed. In addition, the article covers possible postoperative complications and how to determine when secondary rhytidectomies or tuck-ups are indicated.

Bandages↗
PubMed2003

A systematic comprehensive approach to management of irreversible facial paralysis.

Irreversible facial palsy (IFP) presents a multitude of problems arising from a paretic periorbital and facial complex, the solutions to which cross the spectrum of multiple specialties. The process of facial rehabilitation can be simplified by subdividing the face into functional units. These units consist of the brow complex, the periorbital complex, the midface complex, and the lower face/oral complex. Although all of these units are interrelated and influence each other, careful study of the deformity and symptoms of each unit yields a coherent approach and customized surgical plan. The following provides a complete evaluation method for the surgeon to review and customize an approach to the individual patient's needs and desires. Facial rehabilitation must be tailored to each individual, addressing both functional as well as aesthetic concerns for each facial unit.

Face↗
PubMed1997

[Isolated extracranial meningioma of the facial soft tissues].

BACKGROUND: Isolated primarily extracranial meningiomas are extremely rare tumors of the head and neck region. The pathogenesis of these benign lesions is not fully clarified. Most likely these tumors derive from ectopic meningeal or arachnoid cells following the nerve sheaths of cranial nerves along their course through the skull base. PATIENT: We report on a patient presenting with a slow growing tumor of the soft facial tissue. The tumor was resected completely via an external approach. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The patient has been free of tumor recurrence for one year. The pathogenesis of the extracranial meningioma in this patient seems to be the displacement of meningeal cells in the course of a fracture of the base of the skull.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1987

Rubella myelitis and encephalitis in childhood. A report of two cases with magnetic resonance imaging.

Two children are described with postnatally acquired acute rubella which induced neurological disease. The first patient with restricted transverse myelitis (Th 11-12) was remarkable for the positive result obtained by the magnetic response (MR) technique of the spinal cord. In the second patient the clinical examination demonstrated a circumscribed, however severe, lasting defect in the extrapyramidal motor system with facial muscle dystonia and complete anarthria; in the latter case the CSF contained rubella specific IgM five days after the onset of exanthema. No abnormalities were noticed by MR five weeks after the clinical onset. The possible significance of MR imaging in virus-induced encephalomyelitis is discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

[Paradoxical cerebral embolism during fibrinolysis therapy in deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism].

A 37-year-old woman with increasing dyspnoea over several months suddenly developed severe ortho- and tachypnoea as well as cyanosis of the lips and acrocyanosis. Pulmonary angiography revealed massive bilateral pulmonary emboli with a systolic pulmonary artery pressure of 75 mm Hg. Phlebography demonstrated a thrombotic occlusion of the deep veins of the left leg extending to the distal femoral vein. Thrombolysis treatment was started via an indwelling pulmonary artery catheter (500,000 IU urokinase and 10,000 IU heparin as bolus, then 1 mill. IU urokinase and 1,000 IU heparin per hour). After two hours an incomplete left-sided paresis occurred (involving ocular and facial muscles, dysarthria, left arm and left leg) and the thrombolytic infusion was stopped. But cerebral computed tomography (CT) did not demonstrate any intracerebral haemorrhage. The heparin infusion was restarted (partial thromboplastin time between 70 and 90 s). CT examinations during the next few days showed the development of an ischaemic infarction in the distribution of the right medial cerebral artery. Angiography demonstrated occlusion of the right internal carotid artery. The diagnosis of a paradoxical embolus was supported by easy cardiac catheter passage through a patent foramen ovale. Subsequent pulmonary angiography demonstrated a thrombus-free pulmonary arterial circulation with a normal pulmonary arterial pressure. There was gradual and extensive regression of the incomplete hemiparesis.

Adult↗