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PubMed1975

The effects of Escherichia coli endotoxin on the concentrations of mineral elements in the plasma of the domestic fowl.

The intravenous injection of E coli endotoxin (serogroup 0111 : B4) into eight to nine week old disease-free fowls (0-025-3-0 mg/kg) produced successive falls in the plasma potassium and calcium levels during the 9 h following the injection. This change in the potassium concentration was accompanied by a slight rise in that of sodium, and in some cases a slight rise in that of sodium, and in some cases a slight reduction in the magnesium concentration was detected when that of calcium was reduced. No effect was observed 24 h after the injection. The metal-binding properties of endotoxin, its affinity for membranes and its effect on the secretion of adrenocortical hormones may be involved in the production of these responses. Their pathophysiological significance is also discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[Dynamics of urea concentration in blood cells of the domestic fowl during early post-incubation ontogenesis].

Urea was determined by means of diacetyl monoxim in the blood cells of 80 cockerels of the initial breed White Leghorn, commercial hybrid Primant. The highest urea concentration was ascertained on the 15th day of life: 392.33 +/- 85 mg per 10(12) blood cells. The content of urea in the blood cells irregularly deceased with the age of the cockerels. The minimum urea concentration was obtained on the 40th day of post-incubation life: 63.40 +/- 56.5 mg per 10(12) blood cells.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1975

Immunity to mycoplasma infections of the respiratory system in the domestic fowl and turkey.

The mycoplasma infecting and sometimes causing disease of the respiratory system in both species are M. gallisepticum and M. synoviae, while M. meleagridis affects the turkey only. M. gallisepticum has received the greatest attention and natural infection is reported to result in protection varying greatly in degree and duration. Vaccination with living organisms either by the respiratory or intravenous routes results in a high degree of protection against air sac challenge for at least a few weeks. Killed organisms administered intravenously result in a lesser degree of protection to this challenge but when given intranasally provide no protection. M. gallisepticum survives in the respiratory tract and perhaps in other organs and tissues for long periods after infection, perhaps in latent form. However, intercurrent infection and other avian respiratory pathogens may precipitate multiplication of the organism and disease in birds apparently resistant to challenge with mycoplasma alone. The mechanism of protection has not been extensively studied and production and significance of local antibody or a cell-mediated response have not been determined. However, bursectomized chickens vaccinated against M. gallisepticum show much less resistance compared with controls but the exact part played by humoral antibody is still in doubt. Similar observations have been made with M. synoviae.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed2001

Effect of short photoperiod on organ growth kinetics and serum hormone profile in pullets of domestic fowl, Gallus gallus domesticus.

Effect of short photoperiod (SP; LD 6:18) treatment on serum hormone profile and growth rate of adrenal, thyroid, ovary, oviduct, liver and lymphoid organ was studied in rearing pullets (RIR breed) of 1 to day 90 old. Body weight and growth index of SP pullets were lesser as compared to pullets reared under LD 12:12. Except for ovary (recorded marginal increment), weights and growth indices of thyroid, adrenal and oviduct decreased under SP. Weight of liver and lymphoid organs was higher at 30 and 90 days, in SP pullets as compared to LD 12:12. Histometric data suggested that the transition from small to big follicles was slow in ovary of SP pullets, and also reduced follicular atresia was noted in SP pullets. Except for higher corticosterone level at 30 days and higher progesterone level at 30 and 60 days, relative levels of all the hormones at all other ages were lower in SP pullets. In general, the present observations suggested intraovarian changes in pullets exposed to SP.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Transmission of Histomonas meleagridis to domestic fowl by means of earthworms recovered from pheasant yard soil.

Four cockerels and two poults were fed ground earthworms recovered from soil where ring-necked pheasants (Phasianus colchicus) were raised. All 4 cockerels showed mild signs of histomoniasis, and numerous Heterakis were recovered at necropsy. One of the 2 poults died, with typical gross and microscopic lesions of histomoniasis. Heterakis eggs recovered from the 4 cockerels were used to infect an additional 12 cockerels and 11 poults.

Animals↗