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PubMedDate not supplied

[Anthropometric values in a very elderly institutionalized population].

The purpose of the present study has been to determine, in a population group over 80 years of age in a publicly-funded geriatric institution, the anthropometric parameters that represent reference values for the study of nutritional status. These parameters allow detection of alterations in the nutritional status which, once corrected, will contribute to maintaining an appropriate quality of life in a population group that is highly sensitive to the associated morbidity and mortality processes. In order to carry out this study, a sample of 56 healthy elderly individuals was selected (13 men and 43 women) with a mean age of 86.5 +/- 4.8 years and a range from 80 to 101 years. The parameters measured were: weight, height, tricipital fold, brachial perimeter and the following values calculated on the basis of these figures: body mass index, percentage of body fat, brachial muscular area, brachial muscular perimeter, brachial adipose area and the ratio of muscle to adipose tissue. These values were processed statistically with the assistance of the RSB-SIGMA computer software, with calculation of the percentiles, the mean, and the comparison between the sexes. The criterion for statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Our results confirm the presence of significant differences in the muscle parameters, which are greater in men than in women, whereas the fat parameters are higher in the latter. Thus, it is concluded that weight, height, brachial muscle area and brachial muscle perimeter are significantly higher in men whereas tricipital fold, percentage of body fat, the brachial adipose area and the muscle to adipose tissue ratio are significantly superior among women. There are no significant differences by gender in the body mass index and the brachial perimeter.

Aged↗
PubMed2002

[Mortality patterns of non-institutionalized severely retarded children in Tokyo--the third report 1999-2001].

We investigated mortality patterns of severely retarded children who were cared at their homes in Tokyo ten years after our first report. During the past two and a half years (from April 1999 to September 2001), we identified 41 fatal cases. The annual case fatality rate (the mortality rate among the investigated children) was 8.2@1000 in all the school-attending children and was 10.1@1000 in children with severe motor and intellectual disabilities. The rate was less than half of that in our past report and seemed to the lowest among those in several studies. Aggravation of basal disorders, severe respiratory infections and/or sepsis, and unexplained sudden death accounted for most of the death. We conclude that advance of medical service and the propagated medical education of teachers working for special schools play an important role to reduce the mortality in severely retarded children.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of light on agitation in institutionalized patients with severe Alzheimer disease.

OBJECTIVE: Preliminary data suggest that morning bright light might improve symptoms of agitation, a serious problem in patients with dementia. The authors expand on an earlier pilot study by evaluating the effect of bright light therapy on agitated behavior in a large sample of patients with severe dementia. METHODS: Ninety-two patients were randomly assigned to morning bright light, morning dim red light, or evening bright light. Agitation was rated by research staff who observed the patients every 15 minutes throughout the treatment period and by caregivers at one time-point before and one time-point after treatment. RESULTS: Morning bright light delayed the acrophase of the agitation rhythm by over 1.5 hours. Bright light was associated with improved caregivers' ratings but had little effect on observational ratings of agitation. CONCLUSION: Although the result that light shifted the peak of the agitated behavior might be generalizable to patients with milder forms of AD, the fact that agitation was not ameliorated might not be. Because the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of patients with severe AD is likely to be more degenerated, and the circadian activity rhythms deteriorate as the disease progresses, it is still possible that patients with more intact SCNs, that is, patients with mild or moderate AD, might benefit from light treatment even more than those with severe AD.

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PubMedDate not supplied

Daily intake of macronutrients in a group of institutionalized elderly people in León. Spain.

Monitoring of energy distribution of the three macronutrients of diet could be beneficial in order to improve the physiological status of elderly people. The objective of this study is to analyse total daily energy intake as well as the caloric contribution of the macronutrients and alcohol, which make up basic diet of five nursing homes in León (Spain). Dietary consumption was evaluated in a group of 107 elderly people, aged 65-98 years. A precise weighing method was used to conduct the control of food intake covering seven days. Protein, carbohydrates, fat, alcohol, dietary fiber and cholesterol intake were obtained. Weight, and Height also were measured. Total dietary energy intake was significantly higher in men (130.5%) than in women (115.6%), with regard to recommended value. Relative contribution of macronutrients to total energy intake is extremely unbalanced. Energy derived from protein was very high (16.7%), energy derived from fat was also very high, and significantly higher for females (39.6%) than for males (34.4%), whereas the proportion derived from carbohydrates was very low, although also significantly higher in females (41.5%) than in males (35.8%), due to the high energy percentage that make up the alcohol intake in males (9.1%). A review of the diet offered by nursing homes, not only directed at the adjustment of total energy intake but also with respect to alcohol intake and macronutrient content of foodstuffs used in the elaboration of the menus, would be required in order not to unbalance the caloric profile of the diet.

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PubMed1976

Interpersonal interactions between institutionalized retarded children and their attendants.

An observational method was devised to enable detailed analysis of the behavioral and situational components of aide-resident interpersonal interactions in an institutional ward for retarded children. With this device we measured mode of communication, interpersonal affect, response to the initiator of an encounter, the context within which the interaction occurs, and a mand/tact dimension. In this article, the development and validation of the scale, including data on its reliablity, utiliy, and communicability in training novice observers, was reported. Interrater agreement in each dimension exceeded 80 percent, averaging 89 percent over all categories. Observations over a 7-week period indicated that the dormitory was consistently characterized by child-care and ward-management activities and a neutral affective atmosphere in which aides initiated most of the interactions. The observational method appears appropriate for evaluating interventions designed to improve the quality of residential treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Dental caries prevalence and experience among the group of institutionalized hearing impaired individuals in Pondicherry--a descriptive study.

A descriptive study was conducted among a group of hearing-impaired individuals in Pondicherry to assess the dental caries prevalence and experience. A total 114 individuals were examined. The data was collected by direct clinical examination using appropriate indices and findings were recorded on the proforma sheets. The data were statistically processed and the results were obtained. Prevalence of dental caries in terms of DMFT is 42.98% and dft is 45%. Mean dft +/- s.d is 1.2 +/- 1.38 and Mean DMFT +/- s.d is 1.0 +/- 1.42. It was concluded that in both permanent and deciduous dentition and the females have high caries prevalence.

DMF Index↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Sleep-disordered breathing and agitation in institutionalized adults with Alzheimer disease.

OBJECTIVE: The authors examined the relationship between sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) and agitation in patients with Alzheimer disease (AD). METHODS: Thirty-eight AD patients (29 women, 9 men) in nursing homes in San Diego, CA participated. The mean age was 82.3 years, with a range of 61 to 95 years. Mean Mini-Mental State Exam score was 6.5 (range: 0-16). Sleep was recorded for one night, and agitation was measured with behavioral observations and ratings by nursing staff. RESULTS: SDB was very prevalent in this sample and was related to some types of agitation during the day but not in the evening or night. Aggressive Agitation on the Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory and Manual Manipulation on the Agitated Behavior Rating Scale were greater with more severe SDB. Searching and wandering agitation decreased with more severe SDB. CONCLUSION: This study supports the hypothesis that SDB is related to agitation in AD, although the results are specific to certain types of agitation. Treatment of SDB may decrease agitation, easing the burden of caregiving and prolonging the time that patients are able to remain at home.

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