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PubMed2001

Dentists' perceived stress and its relation to perceptions about anxious patients.

Dentists' perceptions about the stressfulness of dental practice, their perceptions about dental anxiety and its management were surveyed in a descriptive study. A mailed questionnaire was completed by 216 randomly selected Danish private dentists. Of these, nearly 60% perceived dentistry as more stressful than other professions. Dentist perceptions of the most intense stressors were (ranked): 1) running behind schedule, 2) causing pain, 3) heavy work load, 4) late patients and 5) anxious patients. Bivariate odds ratio (OR) analyses were undertaken to check for associations of perceived stress and other dentist variables with perceptual outcomes about anxious patients. Signs of dental anxiety were reported to be less often spotted by older (> or = 52 yr) dentists (OR=3.1) who perceived their job stress to be greater than that of other professionals (OR=3.2). Perceived causes of dental anxiety (1st, 2nd or 3rd choices tallied and then ranked) were 1) fear of pain, 2) trauma in dental treatment, 3) general psychological problems, 4) shame about dental status and 5) economic excuses. Dentists who reported that dental anxiety was primarily the result of general psychological problems in patients, usually had solo (OR=2.4) practices older than 18 years (OR=2.6) and reported high perceived stress (OR=2.2). Adjusted odds ratios for these two dentist perception outcomes about anxious patients generally improved strength of associations and confidence intervals. There were no meaningful differences by practice location or perceived public image. Also, there was no significant association between the use of pharmacological strategies for anxiety and the perceived stress of dentists. Nearly all dentists talked with anxious patients as their main treatment strategy. It was concluded that psychosocial aspects of dental practice have meaningful and often adverse associations with dentist perceptions about anxious patients. Some dentists appeared to require more knowledge about dental anxiety and managing their own stress.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Relationships between certification and job perceptions of oncology nurses.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES: To explore relationships between oncology nursing certification and oncology nurses' job perceptions. DESIGN: Descriptive, correlational. SETTING: Questionnaire mailed to homes of Oncology Nursing Society (ONS) members. SAMPLE: 703 certified and 514 noncertified ONS members (N = 1,217; 50% response rate). METHODS: Data were collected using survey methods and grouped by respondents' certification status for statistical analysis. MAIN RESEARCH VARIABLES: Certification, group cohesion, organizational commitment, and job satisfaction. FINDINGS: Certification was weakly correlated with cohesion, commitment, and satisfaction. Work setting, rather than certification, accounted for differences in job perceptions. Job perceptions were most positive in settings characterized by a high percentage of patients with cancer (> 75%), a high percentage of RNs (> or = 80%), and monetary support for continuing education. CONCLUSIONS: The hypothesis that oncology nurses' certification status is associated with job perceptions that are valued by employers was not supported. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: Nurses' job perceptions have been linked to control over nursing practice and participation in organizational and clinical decision making. Managerial strategies that empower certified nurses to practice with more autonomy and participate in decisions that affect patient care should be emphasized.

Adult↗

PubMed2001

Student performance and perceptions of a lecture-based course compared with the same course utilizing group discussion.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Self-directed learning is believed to be an important aspect of the reflective clinical practitioner. This study was a comparison of student learning and student perceptions of course and instructor effectiveness, course difficulty, and amount learned between the active learning and lecture sections of a course. SUBJECTS: Participants in this study were 170 physical therapist students in 3 sections of a physiology course in the first year of their professional program. METHODS: Course grades and the results of teacher-course evaluations were compared between a lecture section and an active learning section. The students in the original active learning section were reassessed 1 year later to determine their perceptions of the course. The differences were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests. RESULTS: Course grades were higher in both active learning sections than in the lecture section. However, the students in both active learning sections perceived that they had learned less than students in the lecture section. Students' perceptions of course and instructor effectiveness were lower in the active learning sections than in the lecture section. There were no differences between the lecture and active learning sections on the students' perceptions of course difficulty. CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSION: Although they did better in the active learning environment, physical therapist students in a basic sciences course (physiology) in the first year of their professional program perceived that they had learned less in active learning courses. They also had lower perceptions of course and instructor quality.

Educational Measurement↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Pregnant women's perceptions of abuse.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether pregnant women's perceptions of abuse severity and danger, and their ability to control the abuse, are significantly correlated with the acts of abuse they experience, and to find out whether relationships exist among women's appraisals of abuse severity, danger, and their perceived ability to stop the abuse. DESIGN: A correlational design was used to compare the abusive acts experienced by the women and their perceptions of that abuse. SETTING: Nine prenatal clinics in urban areas of the northeastern United States. PARTICIPANTS: Sixty-one ethnically diverse, pregnant abused women were interviewed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Pearson's product-moment correlations were used to examine relationships between abusive experiences and women's perceptions of abuse. RESULTS: Women's perceptions of abuse severity were modestly correlated with threatened (r = .25) and actual violence (r = .36). Perceptions of abuse severity and danger were correlated (r = .41). CONCLUSIONS: Women's beliefs about abuse severity, danger, and their ability to control abuse cannot be fully comprehended by exploring the discrete acts they experience. Further research is needed to identify additional factors that influence those beliefs.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2001

Risk perceptions and First Nations communities.

When conducting research in First Nations communities problems can arise when applying research methods that were developed for Western society. Studies of environmental risk perception, the subfield of environmental risk assessment and management that incorporates the opinions and feelings of "lay persons" into the assessment process, are not immune to this. These studies of risk perception are generally based on statistical analyses derived from questionnaires. This paper will argue that the methodology used in studying the perception of risk of First Nations people should be culturally sensitive to the particular community that is being studied. This can be accomplished with direct community approval and cooperation from the initial decision on whether or not a study is needed, the research itself, and finally the communication of results. This paper is not meant to be a critique of the field of risk perception, but is instead a discussion of the characteristics of community-based research relevant to the field of risk perception.

Alberta↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Using visual inquiry to reveal differences in nursing students' perception of case management.

An exploratory, qualitative study of 24 senior generic nursing students (GNSs) and 23 practicing registered nurse baccalaureate students (PRNSs) was conducted to evaluate students' perceptions about case management for community-based children with disabilities, and to examine the differences in the two student groups' perceptions utilizing the visual inquiry method. For a class project, the students used words and photographs to show how they solved one problem for a family caring for a child with a disability in the community. All students agreed on the overall theme, home environment; however, significant differences in each group's perception of this theme emerged. The GNSs described the home environment as a barrier, whereas the PRNSs described the home environment as being inside the home and outside the home. Moreover, two other themes emerged with the 23 PRNSs that were not perceived by the GNSs. The analysis of students' perceptions about case management of their clients was conducted from data analysis of the photographs. Though the literature does not support that differences in learning between the GNSs and PRNSs exist, this study demonstrates there are differences in perception about case management between the two groups.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Impact of managed care on healthcare delivery practices: the perception of healthcare administrators and clinical practitioners.

Managed care has introduced changes, such as cost effectiveness, access to care, and quality of care, to many components of the U.S. healthcare delivery system. These changes have affected how healthcare administrators and clinical practitioners perceive the impact of managed care on healthcare delivery practices. A survey was initiated to explore whether the perceptions of administrators differed from those of practitioners and to discover which organizational variables could explain the difference. A descriptive, cross-sectional survey design was used for the target population of administrators and practitioners in high, moderate, and low managed-care-penetration markets. Two investigator-developed instruments--the Managed Care Perceptions Inventory (MCPI) and the MCPI-Demographic--and an intact centralization of decision-making assessment subscale were used for data collection. Administrators had a statistically significant, more positive perception of the impact of managed care on healthcare delivery than did practitioners. When the distinction between administrator and practitioner was not used as a grouping factor, managed care market penetration, nonprofit status, and years in current employment position were factors that had statistically significant associations with a more positive perception of managed care. Based on these findings, both administrators and practitioners have a role in maintaining awareness regarding their perceptions and should work collaboratively to address issues of concern. Similarly, promoting trust and commitment at the organizational level is important. Recommendations for further research are also provided.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗

PubMed2003

Perception differences between groups of employees identifying the factors that influence a return to work after a work-related musculoskeletal injury.

Employee health and productivity losses as a result of work-related injury are estimated to be US dollars 1.2 trillion annually to US companies. This is approximately 14.3% of the gross domestic product [6,8,11,35]. Workers' compensation, medical care, and short and long-term disability are a part of these costs. Controlling or eliminating these costs is a problem for US employers [3,6,14,21,29]. The study discussed in this article examined the perceptions of manufacturing employees in identifying factors that influence a return to work after a work-related musculoskeletal injury. The classification of employees who participated in this study were safety professionals, supervisors and workers from the manufacturing industry in central Kentucky. The worker group consisted of material handlers, assembly line workers and quality control inspectors. The participants completed a developed survey instrument, the Return to Work Perception Survey. This survey instrument examined the perception of the participants on factors related to return to work: company policies and procedures, job satisfaction, worker relationships and work environment. The results indicated safety professionals and supervisors perceptions differ from workers on the variables of job satisfaction, worker relationships and work environment. Their perceptions did not differ on the variable relating to company policies and procedures. In addition, the safety professional and supervisor groups rated the items addressing job satisfaction higher than did the worker group. The worker group did not differ from one another on any of the factors. Implications of this study for manufacturing companies suggest (a). identifying those issues contributing to employee job satisfaction, (b). developing a plan for achieving increased job satisfaction and employee recognition at the workplace among all workers, and (c). consider allowing employees to develop new capacities and new learning, thus fostering motivation and job satisfaction [18,20].

Adult↗

PubMed1992

[Perception threshold of angina and transient myocardial ischemia in ambulatory electrocardiography].

AIM OF THE STUDY: We studied the predictive value of prolonged angina perception threshold in identifying patients with stable coronary artery disease at risk of silent myocardial ischemia during daily life. METHODS AND RESULTS: 71 patients with documented coronary artery disease (previous myocardial infarction or stenotic lesion > 60% at angiography) underwent a symptom-limited exercise test and out-of-hospital Holter monitoring after drug withdrawal. A second exercise test was performed before disconnecting the dynamic EKG in order to validate the ST-depression recorded during ambulatory monitoring. 23 patients (32.4%) (Group A) had angina perception threshold > 60 sec after onset of ischemia (ST > 1 mm), while in 48 (67.7%) the delay in the perception of angina was shorter than 60 sec (Group B). The demographic, clinical and angiographic variables did not influence the angina perception threshold; however, this parameter was the most powerful predictor of ambulatory ischemia among the two groups (4.8 vs 2.8 p < 0.02), and in particular of the painless episodes (3.8 vs 1.8 p < 0.002). Moreover, the silent ischemic time was longer in patients of group A (4362 vs 1774 sec p < 0.017). Finally, the event-free survival was similar in the two groups of patients during the 2 years of follow-up (cardiac death 1 vs 3, nonfatal myocardial infarction 1 vs 1, aorto-coronary bypass 2 vs 7, PTCA 2 vs 2, unstable angina 0 vs 2), total events 6 vs 15 p = ns. CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate that the patients at risk for silent ischemia during ambulatory monitoring may be identified simply by evaluating their angina perception threshold during exercise test; however, silent ischemia does not have an adverse prognostic value.

Aged↗

PubMed2004

Chlorinous flavor perception in drinking water.

Chlorinous flavors at the tap are the leading cause of customers' complaints and dissatisfaction with drinking water. To characterize consumer perception and acceptance to chlorinous tastes, extensive taste testing was performed with both trained panelists and average consumers. Taste testing with trained panelists showed that chlorine perception is underestimated by disinfectant flavor thresholds reported in the literature. However, trained panelists significantly overestimate the average consumer's ability to perceive chlorine. In addition, consumer perception seems to be influenced by the chlorination practices of the country they live in. Among water quality characteristics that may influence chlorine perception, temperature was not found to induce any significant change. The influence of total dissolved solids (TDS) on chlorine perception remains unclear and, as reported elsewhere, background tastes such as musty, may significantly impact chlorine threshold.

Chlorine Compounds↗

PubMed2003

Socioeconomic status and African Americans' perceptions of cancer.

A descriptive study was conducted with 139 (N=139) African-Americans (AA) to determine the relationship of socioeconomic status (SES) to the perceptions held by these individuals regarding cancer screening and early cancer detection, cancer risk factors, susceptibility to cancer and thoughts about cancer prevention. Findings from this study suggest that among these African-Americans, both gender (p = 0.03) and SES (p = 0.01) were significant predictors of participants' perceptions regarding cancer risk factors, early cancer detection (p = 0.0001), and cancer prevention (p = 0.0001). However there was no significant relationship between age, gender SES, and past experience with cancer and participants' perceptions of cancer screening and susceptibility to cancer. When age and gender were statistically controlled, SES was significantly related to participants' perceptions of cancer risk factors, early detection, prevention, screening and susceptibility. The findings from this study suggest a need for additional research about the relationships between higher SES African-Americans and their perceptions of cancer.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

Perceptions of environmental supports for physical activity in African American and white adults in a rural county in South Carolina.

INTRODUCTION: This study examined the association between perceptions of social and safety-related environmental attributes and physical activity (PA) and walking in African American and white adults. METHODS: In a random-digit-dial telephone survey, 1165 adults in a rural county in South Carolina answered questions about their perceptions of social and safety-related environmental supports for PA and their overall PA and walking behavior. Social perceptions included whether neighbors could be trusted or were perceived to be physically active. Safety-related perceptions included neighborhood safety, the safety of public recreation facilities, problems with unattended dogs, traffic volume, and streetlight quality. Logistic regression models were used to examine the associations between environmental supports and PA and walking stratified by race. RESULTS: No association between perceived neighborhood environmental supports and PA or walking was observed in African Americans. Among whites, individuals who perceived their neighbors as active were twice (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.19-3.25) as likely to report meeting the recommendation for PA compared with individuals who did not report their neighbors as active. Whites who perceived their neighbors as active were 2.5 times (95% CI, 1.54-4.08) as likely to report meeting the recommendations for walking than whites who did not, and whites who perceived their neighborhoods as safe were 1.8 times (95% CI, 1.03-3.12) as likely to report meeting the recommendations for walking than whites who did not. CONCLUSION: These data indicate that perceptions of certain social and safety-related environmental supports were strongly associated with meeting the recommendations for PA and walking among white but not African American adults.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

Changes in students' perceptions of interdisciplinary practice reaching the older adult through mobile service delivery.

This study examined students' perceptions of interdisciplinary health care practice in a facilitated, community-based practicum experience. Students' perceptions of interdisciplinary practice relative to their own profession and other health disciplines were examined before and after involvement in mobile service delivery to the older adult in a collaborative team approach. The Interdisciplinary Education Perception Scale was used to collect data before and after planned and facilitated interdisciplinary experiences of students enrolled in health professional programs (nursing, dietetics, physical therapy, occupational therapy, pharmacy, health education, social work, and physician assistant). Univariate repeated-measures analysis of variance revealed significant pretest to posttest and discipline effects following the interdisciplinary interaction of students in the practicum experience. Univariate analysis revealed a significant change in students' perceptions of professional competence and autonomy, actual cooperation and resource sharing within and across professions, and understanding of the value and contributions of other professionals from pretest to posttest. The findings support the need for educators to facilitate communication through innovative interdisciplinary clinical opportunities for health professions students to influence perceptions that promote active participation in a team approach to care delivery in an increasingly complex health care system.

Aged↗

PubMed1992

Sensory perception of the foot and ankle following therapeutic applications of heat and cold.

Many athletes are treated with hot and cold modalities prior to therapeutic exercise, but the effects of these treatments on sensory perception are not clear. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of hot and cold treatments on sensory perception. We recruited 21 volunteer subjects, who reported for testing on three separate occasions. One of three treatments was applied to the left ankle and foot each day for 20 minutes: cold immersion, hot immersion, or quiet sitting (control). Three variables were measured following treatment: topagnosis, two-point discrimination, and one-legged balance. We assigned treatments and the testing order according to a Greco Latin square. Data were analyzed using a multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). No significant differences were detected for the three dependent measures, suggesting that therapeutic applications of heat and cold do not affect sensory perception. These findings indicate that heat and cold applications can be used prior to therapeutic exercise programs without interfering with normal sensory perception as do other analgesic and anesthetic agents. For example, the hypalgesic effect of cold, which is essential to cryokinetics, can be realized without fear of altered sensory perception.

Journal Article↗

PubMed2006

[Comparison of the perception of esthetic and orthodontic treatment need between an African and a Caucasian population].

INTRODUCTION: Improvement of dentofacial appearance is often the main motives of patient seeking orthodontic treatment. However perception of aesthetic and orthodontic treatment need may be different among populations of different cultural background. The aim of the present study was to compare the perception of aesthetic and orthodontic treatment need between Caucasian (French) and African (Senegalese) MATERIALS AND METHOD: In the present study the perception of the attractiveness of 98 colours photographs of dentitions were assessed by 34 Caucasian and 31 African lay judges by mean of a Power Point presentation. Each slide were displayed for evaluation during 20 seconds RESULTS: The two populations share the same perception of orthodontic aesthetic with respect to some occlusal traits. However they diverge in their appreciation of 70% of the dentitions with midline diastemas. There were also significant differences in the perception of orthodontic treatment need with the Caucasian judges suggesting treatment more often than Africans. CONCLUSION: The results are discussed in term of accessibility in orthodontic treatment in association with socioeconomic status.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

Nurses' perceptions of and attitudes toward an electronic medical record system at Seoul National University Hospital.

In an effort to investigate nurses' perceptions of and attitudes toward the use of electronic medical record (EMR) systems, 904 nurses in a university hospital were surveyed for demographic data and their perceptions of and attitudes toward an EMR system 6 months after its implementation. The questionnaire consisted of demographic information, perception statements relating to the effect of an EMR system, and attitude statements toward an EMR system (assessed on 4-point Likert scales, Cronbach's alpha = 0.979). Nurses' perceptions and attitudes were generally positive and correlated with the type of nursing unit, and their age, years of nursing experience, and job title. This result reinforces that nurses are generally accepting of the implementation of a new EMR system. However, strategies are needed for improving the satisfaction of nurses who have a negative perception of and attitude toward EMR systems. It is recommended that the findings of our study be implemented in other hospitals with ongoing EMR projects.

Attitude to Computers↗

PubMed2006

[Perception on AIDS infection risk and condom use among 2785 college students having had sexual experience in Zhejiang province].

OBJECTIVE: To study the HIV infection risk perception, sexual behavior and condom use among college students who had sexual experiences. METHODS: Using data generated from a survey on AIDS related knowledge and risk perception and sexual behavior (conducted in a coast city of Zhejiang province in 2003), with a questionnaire involving self-reporting history of sexual experience. Software SPSS 12.0 for windows was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: 47.0 percent of the 2785 students having had sexual experience did not feel that sexual experience was related to HIV risk while 51.3 percent them considered their sexual behavior was at much low risk. 80.5 percent of the students with sexual experience had ever used condoms, but only 16.0 percent used it consistently. There was no association between risk perception and condom use, but there was association between risk perception and intention for condom use. CONCLUSION: The college students having had sexual experience had low level of risk perception on HIV infection and had a high rate of ever condom use but low in consistent use. Extensive and detailed prevention intervention was needed to improve the safe sexual behaviors.

Attitude to Health↗

PubMed2007

Predicting physical activity and general health perception among patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

OBJECTIVE: To describe changes over one year in physical activity, body functions, and disease activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and to identify predictors for physical activity and general health perception. METHODS: One hundred two patients with RA were recruited for the study (median age 57 yrs, range 19-84; median disease duration 15 mo, range 4-78; 76% women). Self-reported data on physical activity and health locus of control, tests of lower extremity function, grip force, joint range of motion, balance, and measures of disease activity, including pain, general health perception, Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ), and Disease Activity Score (DAS28), were collected on 2 occasions, one year apart. Each variable was dichotomized to fit logistic regression models, performed to identify which variables predicted physical activity and general health perception over one year. RESULTS: Physical activity was stable, while lower extremity function, grip force, and range of motion improved and DAS28 decreased significantly over one year. A high physical activity level at baseline was the only predictor of high physical activity (odds ratio 3.85, 95% confidence interval 1.67-9.09) one year later. Low pain (OR 8.47, 95% CI 2.97-24.39), high physical activity (OR 3.72, 95% CI 1.39-10.10), and good lower extremity function (OR 2.94, 95% CI 1.04-8.33) were identified as predictors of good general health perception. CONCLUSION: While pain is a well known predictor of general health perception, to our knowledge, this is the first study to identify predictive factors related to physical activity and lower extremity function as important for perceived health among patients with RA.

Adult↗