[TREATMENT OF CONGENITAL DISLOCATION OF THE HIP IN OUR HOSPITAL].
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Arthroplasty↗
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Results for “statistical physics”
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The effects of physical training on physical fitness tests and auditory and visual reaction times of volleyball players.
Twenty male volleyball players were taken for this study and during an 8-week-period they did physical conditioning exercises by weight training 5 days a week. Physical fitness tests, auditory and visual reaction times were measured at the beginning and at the end of training period. When results statistically analysed, it was observed that physical conditioning exercises affected their physical fitness positively and moreover auditory and visual reaction times were shortened.
Adolescent↗
Effects of a physical exercise intervention on subjective physical well-being, psychosocial functioning and general well-being among office workers: a cluster randomized-controlled cross-over design.
The purpose of the study was to examine the effects of a workplace physical exercise intervention on subjective physical well-being, psychosocial functioning and general well-being. The study was a cluster randomized-controlled trial with the department (n=4) as the unit of randomization. The subjects (n=90) were office workers [mean age 45.7 (SD 8.5) years]. Psychosocial functioning and well-being variables were measured by descriptive visual rating scales. The cross-over design consisted of one 15-week intervention period of light resistance training and guidance and another 15-week period of no training and no guidance. The statistical analysis was based on linear mixed models. The active component of the intervention, light resistance training, resulted in a slight, but statistically significant, increase in subjective physical well-being (P=0.015). At the average training time of 5 min/working day (25 min/week) the average increase during the 15-week period was 4 units (95% confidence interval (CI) 1-7) and 5% (95% CI 1-9). The physical exercise intervention had no effect on somatic symptoms, anxiety, self-confidence, mood, mental stress at work, working atmosphere, life satisfaction or meaning of life. Daily light resistance training, conducted during the working day, had a positive direction on subjective physical well-being among office workers.
Cross-Over Studies↗
The language capability of Neanderthal man.
Considerable publicity has been given a recent article by Lieberman and Crelin ('71) which argues that Neanderthal man lacked the physical features necessary for speech. This present paper presents statistics on some modern men with normal speech who show physical features in common with Neanderthal man. The brain of Neanderthal man was as large as, or larger than, that of modern man. The brain reflected by endocranial cast of the La Chapelle-aux-Saints skull resembles that of modern man in an area important for speech and therapy suggests Neanderthal man had the neural development necessary for language.
Achondroplasia↗
Association between childhood trauma and physical disorders among adults in the United States.
BACKGROUND: The goal of this investigation was to determine the association between self-reported childhood trauma and physical disorders among adults in the United States. METHOD: Data were drawn from the National Comorbidity Survey (N=5877). Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to determine the associations between childhood physical abuse, sexual abuse, and childhood neglect and the likelihood of specific physical disorders among adults. RESULTS: Childhood physical abuse, sexual abuse and neglect were associated with a statistically significantly increased risk of a wide range of physical illnesses during adulthood. After adjusting for demographic characteristics, lifetime anxiety and depressive disorders, alcohol and substance dependence, and all types of trauma: results showed that childhood physical abuse was associated with increased risk of lung disease (OR= 1.5 (1.1, 2.2)), peptic ulcer (OR= 1.5 (1.03, 2.2)) and arthritic disorders (OR= 1.5 (1.1, 2.2)); childhood sexual abuse was associated with increased risk of cardiac disease (OR = 3.7 (1.5, 9.4)); and childhood neglect was associated with increased risk of diabetes (OR=2 2 (1.1, 4.4)) and autoimmune disorders (OR =4.4 (1.7, 11.6)). CONCLUSIONS: Consistent with previous work, these results suggest that self-reported childhood trauma is associated with increased risk of a range of physical illnesses during adulthood. Future research that includes replication of these findings using prospectively assessed physical and mental disorders with objectively measured biological data using a longitudinal design, including other known risk factors for these diseases and more detailed information on specific forms of abuse, is needed to understand the potential mechanisms of these links.
Adolescent↗
Spatiotemporal analysis of environmental exposure-health effect associations.
The goal of this work is to discuss a general methodology for studying associations between environmental exposures and health effect by means of the spatiotemporal random field theory. This theory is the tool of choice for rigorously accounting for important spatiotemporal variations and uncertainties related to exposures and effect. Within the framework of the random field theory, the Bayesian maximum entropy model neatly synthesizes various sources of physical and epidemiological knowledge into spatiotemporal analysis. Therefore, unlike technical statistics, this approach relies on the blending of substantive physical knowledge with powerful mathematical techniques and a coherent rationale. Given the well-founded fact that certain health effects may be caused by environmental exposures, the significance of these exposures is assessed in terms of a criterion that is based on the joint stochastic representation of exposure and health-effect distributions in space/time. In view of this criterion, the strength and consistency of the exposure-effect association are evaluated on the basis of the health-effect predictions that the combined physico-epidemiologic analysis generates in space/time. The main features of the approach are demonstrated by a simulation example and a real case study involving mortality and cold temperatures in North Carolina. The studies demonstrated the practical usefulness of the stochastic human exposure analysis in assessing the exposure-effect association. The results reported here emphasize the links between spatiotemporal models of physical systems and population health-effect distributions, thus suggesting directions for improving the current understanding of quantitative "exposure-health effect" functions.
Cold Temperature↗
A controlled study on the outcome of inpatient and outpatient treatment of low back pain. Part IV. Long-term effects on physical measurements.
Effects of inpatient and outpatient treatment on physical measurements in chronic low back pain patients (n = 476) were analyzed at 1.5- and 2.5-year follow-ups as well as 3 months after a refresher programme which was carried out 1.5 years after the first treatment. Physical measurements consisted of hip and lumbar spinal mobility, and trunk muscle strength. At the 1.5-year follow-up the two treatment groups did not differ from the control group, but at the 2.5-year follow-up inpatients showed better improvements in physical functions from the pretreatment level. The refresher treatment was found to improve physical functions more effectively than the first treatment program, especially in the outpatients. Self-care with heavy exercising was related with the improvement of physical functions, but back exercises and light exercising were not. Statistically significant but modest correlations were found between improved physical functions and subjective progress during the long-term follow-ups.
Adult↗
Prevalence of major depressive disorder in the general population of South Korea.
INTRODUCTION: Previous epidemiological studies have reported a high prevalence of major depressive disorder (MDD) in North America and Western Europe. However, little information exists on MDD in Asian countries. This study investigates the prevalence of MDD and its characteristics in the general population of South Korea. METHODS: A representative sample of the South Korean general population composed of 3719 non-institutionalized individuals aged 15 years or older was interviewed by telephone using the Sleep-EVAL system. The participation rate was 91.4%. The interviews covered sociodemographic characteristics, health care utilization, physical illnesses and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition (DSM-IV) psychiatric disorders. RESULTS: A depressive mood, i.e., feeling sad, downcast, having the blues or having lost interest in things formerly pleasant was reported by 20.9% of the sample without significant difference between men and women and among age groups. DSM-IV MDD was found in 3.6% (95% CI: 3.0-4.2%) of the sample. The prevalence of MDD was comparable among age groups. Shift workers were more likely to have MDD than daytime workers. Factor significantly associated with MDD were: being a woman, being a light or heavy smoker, perceiving one's health as being average or poor, doing physical activities at least three times per week in the evening, having a BMI below 18.5 kg/m2 and perceiving one's life as being moderately or highly stressful. CONCLUSIONS: Prevalence of MDD in Korea is higher than what it was previously estimated to be two decades ago. The number of individuals seeking help for depression was very low, and only a small number of MDD subjects received appropriate treatment for their condition.
Adolescent↗
Secondary rhytidectomy.
A postoperative questionnaire was sent to all secondary rhytidectomy patients inquiring about their social and physical recovery time, complications related to either the initial or secondary surgery, and the onset of any new medical problems or the commencement of any new medications between the two surgeries. The overall satisfaction rates for both surgeries, time interval between the two operations, and their perception of the years of youthful appearance gained from either operation were also investigated. The overall satisfaction rate was slightly higher for the secondary facial rhytidectomy (4.49) than for the primary rejuvenation of the face (3.97) (p < 0.06). Patients perceived themselves as looking an average of 9.31 years younger following primary surgery, as compared to an average of 10.19 years younger following the secondary rhytidectomy (p < 0.50). The average time interval between the primary and secondary rhytidectomy surgeries was 8.48 years (range = 1 to 16 years). Twenty-nine ancillary procedures were performed during the initial rhytidectomy and 70 ancillary procedures were selected during the secondary rhytidectomy (p < 0.001). There was no statistically significant difference for the physical and social recovery time between the two procedures. Fourteen of 33 patients (42.4 percent) requiring a secondary rhytidectomy had developed a new medical problem prior to the second surgery (p < 0.001) and 19 patients (57.6 percent) were started on a new medication (p < 0.001). It was concluded from this study that the secondary rhytidectomy patients are more inclined to be satisfied (approaching statistical significance), are more likely to undergo ancillary procedures, and, being 10 years older, are more prone to have medical problems with deleterious effects on surgery and to be on medications with potential ill effects. Also, observations have been made that the previous scars pose some limitations, with the anatomical changes from the previous surgeries often requiring masterful planning and execution. Skin circulation is, in general, superior, enduring more tension.
Adult↗
[Use of various statistical procedures for the analysis of biorhythms (periodicities of conditional-reflex processes in the minute range) under emotional stress and physical exercise].
Periodicities of conditional-reflectory processes in the minute range were measured in albino rats kept under various conditions (emotional stress, exercise, normal stall maintenance) and analyzed by different statistical procedures. It was possible in this way to judge by selected parameters of periodical processes the intensity of loads and effects of exercise. The additional use of cluster analysis for scaling the biological effectiveness of different communicative relations of the organisms proved useful.
Animals↗
[Injuries in organized physical education 1976-1987 in Czechoslovakia].
A statistical analysis of 176,278 cases of trauma caused by the organized sports activities was made and evaluated. The highest number occurs in the adult group aged 20-29 years. The analysis is concerned with the severity of the injury judged by the duration of treatment. It also refers to the hazards of individual sports and games based on the relative rate of trauma. Sports activities with maximum risk include skibob riding, ice hockey, boxing and rugby football. The paper described the method employed for data collection and shows how to apply the results in trauma prevention in unorganized spontaneous sports activities pursued by mass population.
Adolescent↗
Effect of physical activity on lipid levels in a population-based sample of men with and without the Arg192 variant of the human paraoxonase gene.
The prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in Gerona, Spain, is high for the low myocardial infarction incidence and mortality rates in the province. Physical activity is a protective factor against coronary heart disease. We investigated whether the genetic variants Q and R of the paraoxonase Gln-Arg 192 polymorphism were involved in different responses of lipids to physical activity. Serum triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol concentrations, and the paraoxonase Gln-Arg 192 polymorphism were determined in 262 men randomly selected from a representative population sample in a cross-sectional study conducted in Gerona, Spain. The Minnesota Leisure Time Physical Activity Questionnaire was used to assess energy expenditure in leisure time physical activity. No differences were found in lipid levels among tertiles of physical activity distribution in subjects with the QQ genotype. However, R carriers showed a significant decreasing trend in triglyceride levels and in log-triglyceride-to-HDL-cholesterol ratio and a significant increasing trend in HDL-cholesterol concentration with the amount of physical activity. R carriers included in the low tertile of physical activity distribution had HDL-cholesterol levels significantly lower than those of QQ homozygous men in the same physical activity category (1.04 mmol/L vs. 1.22 mmol/L, P = 0.024). R carriers of the higher tertile of physical activity distribution showed the most favorable lipid profile in this genetic group. A statistically-significant interaction between paraoxonase genotypes and physical activity was observed for log triglycerides (P = 0.018), HDL-cholesterol concentration (P = 0.017), and log triglyceride-to-HDL-cholesterol ratio (P = 0.008). The beneficial association of the amount of physical activity and lipid traits found in men with the R allele suggests that this population subgroup needs to be physically active to achieve a favorable lipoprotein phenotype similar to that observed in QQ homozygous men.
Adult↗
Predictive value of abnormal physical examination findings in ill-appearing and well-appearing febrile children.
In order to study the occurrence and positive predictive value of history and physical examination findings suggestive of serious illness in ill-appearing and well-appearing febrile children, 103 consecutive children aged less than or equal to 24 months with fever greater than or equal to 38.3 degrees C were evaluated from July 1, 1982 to Nov 24, 1982. Patients were initially classified by an attending physician (A) as to whether they appeared ill (Yale Observation Scale score greater than 10) or well (scale score less than or equal to 10). The history was then taken by two attending physicians (A and B) and a resident; the physical examination was performed by attending physician B and the same resident. As history and physical examination findings were elicited, they were scored as to whether they did or did not suggest a serious illness. Serious illness was defined as the presence of a positive laboratory test. Ill-appearing patients had a significantly greater (P less than .001, Fisher's exact test) occurrence of physical examination findings suggesting serious illness (14 of 22, 64%) than well-appearing children (12 of 81, 15%). The positive predictive values of abnormal physical examination findings for serious illness in ill-appearing (11 of 14, 79%) and well-appearing children (3 of 12, 25%) were significantly different (P = .02 by Fisher's exact test). The trends for abnormal history findings in ill-appearing and well-appearing children were similar to those for abnormal physical examination findings but did not achieve statistical significance. The results, indicating an important interaction between a febrile child's appearance and physical examination findings, are discussed in terms of probability reasoning in clinical decision making.
Bayes Theorem↗
Chronic conditions, physical limitations and dependency among seniors living in the community.
The majority (75%) of people aged 55 and over who live in the community, as opposed to living in long-term health care institutions, report having at least one chronic condition. However, only about one in six has some physical limitation. As well, one in six men and one in four women who live in the community need help with everyday activities such as housework or meal preparation. With advancing age, the prevalence of most chronic conditions increases, as does the prevalence of physical problems and dependency. The contribution of particular conditions to physical limitations and dependency varies. According to Statistics Canada's 1994-95 National Population Health Survey, the conditions most strongly related to physical limitations and to the need for help with activities of daily living were epilepsy and the effects of stroke, neither of which affected a large percentage of the household population aged 55 and over. By contrast, arthritis/rheumatism, non-arthritic back problems and cataracts, which were also associated with physical limitations and dependency, affected a relatively large percentage of community-dwelling seniors. This article shows the prevalence of specific chronic conditions, physical limitations and dependency among people aged 55 and over living in the community, by sex and age. Logistic regression is used to examine relationships between each chronic condition and the existence of physical limitations and dependency.
Activities of Daily Living↗
Concordance of ultrasonographic and physical findings in cattle with an umbilical mass or suspected to have infection of the umbilical cord remnants: 32 cases (1987-1989).
Medical records of 32 cattle treated for umbilical abnormalities that had undergone ultrasonographic examination of the umbilicus followed by umbilical resection or postmortem examination were reviewed. Thirty of the cattle were between 6 and 240 days old (mean, 73 days); the remaining 2 cattle were a 3-year-old bull and a 5-year-old cow. Thirty (94%) animals had external evidence of infection associated with the umbilicus. Two calves did not have external signs of infection; 1 had an abscess of the urachus and the other was found to be normal. Two-dimensional real-time ultrasonography was used to identify abnormal umbilical cord remnants. Ultrasonographic results were most reliable for the urachus, and the urachus was the most commonly affected internal umbilical cord remnant. Statistical agreement between ultrasonographic and physical (surgical or postmortem) findings was good to excellent for all umbilical structures. Intra-abdominal adhesions were found at surgery in 47% of animals with umbilical abnormalities; however, adhesions were not detected ultrasonographically.
Abdominal Muscles↗
Self-reported health, perceived racial discrimination, and skin color in African Americans in the CARDIA study.
This study investigates the association between self-reported physical and mental health and both perceived racial discrimination and skin color in African American men and women. We used data from the longitudinal coronary artery risk development in young adults study (CARDIA) in African American men and women (n=1722) in the USA. We assessed self-reported mental and physical health status and depressive symptoms at the Year 15 (2000-2001) follow-up examination using the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form (SF-12) and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale. Skin color was measured at the Year 7 examination (1992-1993). To assess racial discrimination, we used a summary score (range 0-21) for 7 questions on experiencing racial discrimination: at school, getting a job, getting housing, at work, at home, getting medical care, on the street or in a public setting. Self-reported racial discrimination was more common in men than in women (78.1% versus 73.0%, p<0.05) and in those with higher educational attainment, independent of gender. Discrimination was statistically significantly associated with worse physical and mental health in both men and women, before and after adjustment for age, education, income, and skin color. For example, mental health (0-100 scale) decreased an average of 0.29 units per unit increase in racial discrimination score in men; this became 0.32 units after adjustment. There was no association between self-reported physical and mental health and skin color. Further studies of the health consequences of discrimination will require investigation of both the upstream determinants of discrimination and the downstream mechanisms by which perceived discrimination affects health outcomes.
Adolescent↗
Psychological abuse and posttraumatic stress disorder in battered women: examining the roles of shame and guilt.
Psychological abuse among battered women has been relatively understudied. However, battered women's reports in the existing qualitative and quantitative research suggest that the effects of psychological abuse can be even more damaging than the effects of physical abuse. The current study attempted to clarify the relationship between psychological abuse and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) within a sample of battered women by statistically controlling for the effects of physical abuse. This study also explored the affective experiences of shame and guilt as important variables in the development of PTSD in battered women. This investigation replicated previous work suggesting that battered women are very much at risk for a diagnosis of PTSD and suggests that clinicians and researchers may need to focus on psychological abuse as a predictor of PTSD symptomatology. The current findings encourage attention to shame reactions in battered women and suggest new directions in the study of PTSD for other traumatized populations.
Adult↗
The effects of acute exercise on metabolic control in type II diabetic patients treated with glimepiride or glibenclamide.
The effects of exercise on metabolic control in type II diabetic patients given glimepiride or glibenclamide were studied in a multinational phase II clinical trial (14 centers in 4 countries). A total of 167 type II diabetic out-patients (117 men, 50 women) completed the trial as planned. The study was of parallel group, 2 x 2 factorial design: patients were first stabilized in a randomized, double-blind manner on 3 mg of glimepiride or 10 mg of glibenclamide treatment once daily over 14-28 days and were then assigned in randomized open fashion to a group with or without exercise. Exercise consisted of riding a bicycle ergometer for 1 hour at pulse rate 120 beats per minute. Three-hour blood glucose, insulin, and C-peptide profiles were made after the stabilization phase (baseline profiles) and 7 days later with or without exercise (endpoint profiles). Pairwise comparisons of changes in blood glucose AUC/1-3 h revealed a statistically significant decrease in patients who exercised vs those who did not, which was comparable for both sulfonylureas used. There was a statistically significant decrease in C-peptide AUC/1-3 h and insulin AUC/1-3 h in the glimepiride exercise group vs the glimepiride group without exercise. Physical exercise did not lead to statistically significant changes in C-peptide AUC/1-3 h and insulin AUC/1-3 h under glibenclamide treatment. In conclusion, a blood-glucose-lowering response to acute exercise was demonstrated in type II diabetic patients treated with either sulfonylurea, but a significant suppression of endogenous insulin secretion was observed for glimepiride only.
Adult↗