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PubMedDate not supplied

Patient vs. disease in medicine: Historical perspectives and contemporary concerns.

Subjectivity and objectivity are central dimensions or perspectives in medicine. During modern times, the "history of the disease" (objectivity) has more and more re-placed the "history of the patient" (subjectivity). But if medicine wants to be human, the physician's and patient's subjectivity and ethics cannot be ignored. During the Middle Ages, the concepts of health and disease are seen from a transcendental point of view, subjectivity was given an objective or spiritual meaning. Processes of secularization, naturalization and individualization deeply influenced medicine in Modern Times. The positivist 19th century laid the foundations of successful scientific medicine; the concept of disease became objective, the length and the quality of life were increased, at the same time, however, medicine witnessed anthropological losses. The 20th century stressed anew the patient's subjectivity and ethics against the scientific objectivity. Integrating psychology and sociology is a similar initiative in this anthropological perspective. The anthropological and ethical permeation of medicine is essential. Disease is not just a physical phenomenon, it is also a psychic, social, and spiritual one. Medical science behaving as human medicine should always and above all see the ill and suffering person.

Clinical Medicine↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Historical Archives of Italian Nephrology: Scientific ideas and projects carried out by the history of medicine and nephrology].

Some recent historical celebrations of modern Italian nephrology offer the opportunity to write about the meaning of the history of medicine and nephrology. First of all, the question "what do we learn from history" is wrongly phrased. It is from trying to learn about history, from the effort required to achieve a historical and epistemological perspective, that we may learn how people as individuals or as a group solved the problems of meeting their common human needs. Medicine is itself an eminently historical endeavour. There is history in medicine as well as history of medicine. According to Paracelsus, the history of medicine is medical science and medical science is essential history in the widest sense of the word. The word "history" embraces the concepts of human nature, the world in which human nature is revealed and the thoughts guiding it through life. If the history of medicine and nephrology is observed in all aspects of their evolution, we can see how it had a beneficial role on the work of physicians by reminding them that, prior to the light of achievement, the discovery of all medical principles is preceded by errors and doubts. We report on nephrological debates, controversies and achievements and we call attention to the need to focus on the present through the involvement of medical historians in the analysis of contemporary health policy issues and clinical methodology.

Biomedical Research↗
PubMed2002

[A brief account on the characteristics of confluence of Chinese and Western medicine in medical affairs of modern Shanxi].

Shanxi is one of the most active provinces in China for its research on modern traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), especially on medical practice of confluence of Chinese and Western medicine, where many distinguishing features exist and are deserved to study. This paper gave a brief account on the characteristics of confluence of Chinese and Western medicine in medical affairs of modern Shanxi from the following 5 aspects: the policy and situation of confluence of Chinese and Western medicine; the Promoting Research Committee of Shanxi TCM for promoting TCM; Shanxi Teaching Institute of Medicine where some courses about confluence of Chinese and Western medicine are taught; Medical Magazine for the confluence of Chinese and Western medicine; famous medical workers of confluence of Chinese and Western medicine in Shanxi.

China↗