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Results for “Health Promotion”

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PubMed1987

Cardiovascular risk in parents of children with elevated blood pressure. "Heart Smart"--family health promotion.

The Heart Smart Family Health Promotion identified elementary-school-age children with elevated blood pressure (BP), based on sex-, race-, height-specific 90th percentiles, and ponderal index (wt/ht3), based on sex-, race-, and age-specific 90th percentiles (norms developed in the Bogalusa Heart Study). These children and their parents were recruited into a behavioral program aimed at reducing cardiovascular (CV) risk factors for both children and parents and preventing "tracking" of children's elevated risk factors into adulthood. Cardiovascular screening consisted of BP, anthropometric evaluation, serum lipids, and 24-hour urinalysis. Self-reported assessments were personal and family medical history, eating, exercise, smoking, and alcohol behaviors. Both child and parent subjects were predominantly black and female. Data were stable over two baseline measurements and indicated CV risk factor abnormalities in one or both of the parents selected: 67% of the black parents and 25% of the white parents were hypertensive; 91% had positive familial CV history; 41% had total cholesterol greater than or equal to 220 mg/dl; 50% had LDL-C levels greater than or equal to 140 mg/dl; 74% were overweight; 44% were smokers; and 91% were completely sedentary. Using percentile grids to identify children with elevated BP also identifies families with hypertension and associated risk factors.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2001

Health motivation: a determinant of older adults' attendance at health promotion programs.

The primary purpose of conducting this study was to determine if there is a significant relation between health motivation and participation in health promotion programs in a sample of community-dwelling older adults (n = 106). Health motivation was measured using Cox's (1985) Health Self-Determinism Index, and participation in health promotion programs was measured by tallying the self-reported number of programs attended within the past year by each individual. The effects of selected demographic variables on these two variables were also examined. The conceptual framework guiding the study was the Health-Promoting Self-Care System Model (Simmons, 1990). Intrinsically motivated older persons attended fewer programs (p < .01) than those who were more extrinsically motivated. Higher educational level (p < .001) and fewer health problems (p < .01) emerged as significant predictor variables for intrinsic health motivation, and those with less formal education attended more health promotion programs (p < .05).

Aged↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Does health promotion work in relation to noise?

Noise is a health risk. The only scientifically established adverse health effect of noise is noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL). Besides noise may affect quality of life and cause annoyance and sleep disturbance. The present scientific evidence of potential non-auditory effects of noise on health is quite weak. Whether health promotion works in relation to noise may be reflected by permanent hearing threshold shift development in population studies. Hearing impairment continues to be the most prevalent disability in Western societies. The National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) still rates noise induced hearing loss among the top ten work-related problems. Recent studies report that employees continue to develop noise induced hearing loss although to a lesser extent than before, in spite of occupational hearing conservation programmes. Besides socio-acusis and leisure noise seem to be an increasing hazard to hearing, also in young children and adolescents. This seems partly related to acute leisure noise exposure (e.g. toy pistols, amplified music). However, population studies increasingly find non-normal high-frequency hearing including the characteristic NIHL-"notch" around 6 kHz also in subjects who do not report noise exposure incidents or activities. Today 12.5% of US children 6-19 years show a noise-"notch" in one or both ears (n= 5249, Niskar et al 2001). A Norwegian county audiometry survey on adults >/= 20 years n=51.975) showed mean unscreened thresholds +10 dB at 6 kHz for both genders even or the youngest age group 20-24 years (Borchgrevink et al 2001). Accordingly, the present health promotion initiatives seem insufficient in relation to noise and noise-induced hearing loss.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1993

[Integrated health promotion in business: starting problems and proposed solutions].

Integrated worksite health promotion takes into account as well the demands of employees as those of the enterprises and at the same time applies to both, health behaviour and operational conditions of the companies. It is not restricted to a singular action but makes a continuous effort to promote the health of employees as an integrated part of employers' planning and politics. Apprehension between employers and employees seems to be one of the key obstacles of worksite health promotion. Therefore both sides have to keep negotiating to what extent health promotion has to improve efficiency of employees in respect to enterprises or how far operational conditions have to be adjusted to suit the well-being of personnel. A possible solution to solve this dilemma would be a widening of the conception of efficiency and incorporating of long-term thinking.

Health Behavior↗

PubMed1993

On the nature and ethics of health promotion. An attempt at a systematic analysis.

This paper attempts to analyse the notion of health promotion and related conceptual issues within an action-theoretical framework. The purpose is both theoretical and ethical. The paper provides a taxonomy as well as a system for classifying various types of health promotion. This system is inspired by Professor G H von Wright's theory of action explanation. The theoretical framework is used in the ethical part of the paper where some major ethical dilemmas in health promotion are analysed. Particular attention is paid to the use of manipulation and force in health promotion. An attempt is made to define when such measures are justified in various health enhancing contexts.

Behavior Control↗

PubMed1997

Establishing and developing health promotion in an acute trust.

Outlines the integration of "Health of the Nation" and quality assurance into a health promotion strategy and reports on its implementation in a UK Health Trust. Presents and discusses strengths and weaknesses of such a health promotion strategy.

Health Promotion↗

PubMed2002

Mental health promotion and illness prevention in Western Australia: a study of service capacity.

While considerable evidence exists regarding the effectiveness of specific kinds of interventions for mental illness prevention and to a lesser extent mental health promotion, mental health promotion and illness prevention (MHPIP) remain underdeveloped in Western Australia. The aim of this study was to explore the current state of MHPIP in Western Australia and to highlight some of the structural and systemic issues that need to be addressed if MHPIP services are to be progressed further in this state. For this purpose, the study examined the capacity for delivery of MHPIP services. Opportunities and barriers to the further development of MHPIP were also identified. Thirty-four key stakeholders representing a cross-section of local services, central government agencies and universities were interviewed using a semi-structured interview schedule. The interviews were conducted over a 6-week period. The interview schedule included questions on the workforce, agency liaison and project implementation, and priority areas and issues with respect to research and policy setting in MHPIP. In developing the focus of MHPIP services, critical factors that constitute capacity building were identified. These included readiness to participate in MHPIP, service infrastructure development, workforce development, resource allocation, networks and evaluation of programmes.

Delivery of Health Care↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Health-promotion practices of young black women at risk for diabetes.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to assess the health-promoting practices of young black women at risk for type 2 diabetes. METHODS: The sample consisted of 30 black women from an urban area who had a history of gestational diabetes and/or a first-degree relative with diabetes. Participants completed the Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile II Survey and an interview. Both were used to categorize health-promoting practices, exercise, diet, knowledge of diabetes prevention, and general health. RESULTS: Demographic information and interview revealed a propensity towards obesity, despite education and income levels. The results for the Lifestyle II Survey showed a higher average total score for healthy nutrition than physical activity, which were inconsistent with the qualitative data obtained by interview. Fifty percent stated that they exercised as a general health-promoting behavior. Self-reported daily caloric, fiber, and fat intake was high to moderate; 60% reported initiating diet modifications secondary to a desire to lose weight or for medical problems; and 26% reported receiving information on diabetes prevention from a healthcare provider. CONCLUSIONS: A systematic approach of planning and actively incorporating health-promoting activities into one's lifestyle as a young adult may protect or delay the onset of diabetes and prevent complications.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Review of published works on Spanish youth health promotion].

The objective of this study is to review the health promotion interventions on spanish youths published in Spanish in the 1995-2000 period and to describe them in accordance with the scope within which they have been carried out, the topics addressed, the methodology, the evaluation design used and the results obtained. Two hundred and fourteen intervention were identified. Illegal drugs were the topic on which the largest number of interventions were focused (29.8%), followed by alcohol (15.9%), the risk-related sexual behaviours (14.6%) and leisure time (12.6%). The activities carried out most often were: participation-based educational methods (30.7%), explanatory education methods (11.5%) and the preparation of educational materials (11%). In 80.8% of the cases, some evaluation of the health promotion activities was found. The type of evaluation employed most often was the process evaluation (73.7%), and the medium-long term results evaluation being those employed the least (2.2%). The evaluation methodologies used most often were questionnaires (28.2%). A combination of qualitative and quantitative methods was employed in 13.2% of the cases. The four interventions in which the medium-long term impact was gauged had the purpose of preventing and reducing cigarette smoking and/or drinking and or marijuana smoking, all of these initiatives achieving a reduction in cigarette smoking. In conclusion, it seems necessary to improve the design of the evaluations of the health promotion initiatives addressed to young people in Spain and to increase the dissemination of the same by way of their publication.

Accident Prevention↗

PubMed1989

Frequency of worksite health promotion activities.

The first National Survey of Worksite Health Promotion Activities surveyed a random sample of all private sector worksites with 50 or more employees, stratified by number of employers, geographic location, and type of industry. The 1,358 completed interviews constituted a response rate of 83.1 per cent. Of responding worksites 65.5 per cent had one or more areas of health promotion activity with slightly more than 50 per cent of activities initiated within the previous five years. Overall prevalence by type of activity included health risk assessment (29.5 per cent), smoking cessation (35.6 per cent), blood pressure control and treatment (16.5 per cent), exercise/fitness (22.1 per cent), weight control (14.7 per cent), nutrition education (16.8 per cent), stress management (26.6 per cent), back problem prevention and care (28.5 per cent), and off-the-job accident prevention (19.8 per cent). Mean number of activities across all worksites was 2.1 and for worksites with activities, 3.2. Activity frequency increased with worksite size, was highest in the western region (2.34) and lowest in the northeast (1.96), and varied considerably by industry type. The majority of worksites paid the entire cost of these activities.

Health Education↗

PubMed1999

The effectiveness of health promotion counseling to family caregivers.

This study examined the effectiveness of health promotion counseling of the family caregivers from Taipei Metropolitan Area. An established Chinese version of the health-promoting scale was developed by the author of this study (which was modified and authorized by Walker, Sechrist, & Pender, 1987). A two-group quasi-experimental research design was employed. From October 1996 to July 1997, 84 family caregivers were selected and assigned to one of the two groups. Members of the treatment group received health promotion counseling from four trained professional home care nurses during home visiting. The members of the control group were given no counseling but instead received traditional care. Pre-assessment was carried out after subjects were selected and post evaluation was done 6 months later. The findings showed that the counseling enabled members of the treatment group to adopt healthier lifestyles. The research outcome supports the value of home-care nurse counseling of family caregivers.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

A review of theory and health promotion strategies for new immigrant women.

BACKGROUND: There has been little empirical research on the best ways to influence women's health behaviour, particularly among women who are recent immigrants to Canada. METHODS: This paper presents information from a literature review conducted for the Ontario Women's Health Council on effective theoretical models and health promotion strategies for women. FINDINGS: Health promotion activities for all women should address theoretical variables as well as the broader determinants of women's health. New immigrant women represent a diverse group who often face multiple cultural, linguistic and systemic barriers to adopting and maintaining healthy behaviour. INTERPRETATION: Many theoretical constructs of potential importance to recent immigrant women have not been adequately researched. More research is also needed on the relevancy and the applicability of commonly used health promotion approaches for this group.

Canada↗

PubMed1998

Health-promoting behaviors of rural adolescent women.

A part of a larger study of the health behaviors of adolescent women, this investigation examined health-promoting behaviors and the influence of cognitive, social, and environmental factors on these health-promoting behaviors of rural adolescent women. The sample consisted of 128 rural African-American and white adolescent women. Forty-four percent of the variance in health-promoting behavior of this sample was explained by five variables: self-image, problem solving, mother's education, employment status, and family structure. Self-image was the most salient predictor of health-promoting behavior, explaining 33% of the variance.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1994

Health promotion counseling in residency training.

This report describes health promotion counseling attitudes and practices in a family medicine residency that attempted to encourage such counseling. A patient "Health Habits Questionnaire" and matching patient education booklets were developed and distributed. Six grand rounds presentations on counseling were given. On three occasions, residency physicians completed questionnaires about counseling. Despite good personal health habits and positive attitudes toward counseling, the residency physicians had only moderate confidence in their counseling ability and infrequently documented counseling. The residents reported significant improvement in their ability to counsel patients about smoking cessation. Overall, the curriculum appeared to have a limited effect on health promotion.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

Using critical ethnography to explore issues in health promotion.

In this article, the author outlines the need for a critical research method in the field of health promotion to explore the determinants of health. These determinants, including healthy child development, employment and working conditions, and education, for example, underlie many of the health issues that individuals experience. They are, in turn, influenced by nebulous factors such as patterns of inequality, and cultural norms, which are difficult to research using conventional methodologies. The author provides an overview of critical ethnography as a method for health promotion research. She describes specific data collection and analysis techniques, with the addition of critical discourse analysis to add scope to ethnographic findings. She concludes with an overview of the congruence between critical ethnography and health promotion research, including a discussion of the differences between critical ethnography and participatory action research.

Anthropology, Cultural↗

PubMed2004

Evaluation of a collective kitchens program: using the Population Health Promotion Model.

To evaluate the impact of the Calgary Health Region Collective Kitchen Program on various Population Health Promotion Model health determinants, data were collected through mail-in questionnaires that examined the members' (n=331) and coordinators' (n=58) perspectives of the program. Seventy-nine members (24%) and 26 coordinators (45%) were included in the study. Three incomplete questionnaires (from prenatal program members) were discarded. Sixty-one percent of members who reported income level and family size (n=61) had incomes below the low-income cut-off. Fifty-eight members (73%) reported improvements in their lives because of the program. Sixty-four members (81%) perceived they learned to feed their families healthier foods. The members reported their fruit and vegetable consumption before and since joining a collective kitchen, and the proportion of those consuming at least five fruit and vegetable servings a day rose from 29% to 47%. The most common reasons for joining this program concerned social interactions and support. Over 90% of the coordinators perceived that they were competent to coordinate a kitchen. The results indicate that the collective kitchens program addresses several health determinants, and may increase members' capacity to attain food security and to achieve improved nutritional health.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Shining lights: studies that have most influenced the understanding of health promotion's financial impact.

PURPOSE: To examine the literature from the past 20 years and identify those studies that support the economic merit of health promotion. DATA SOURCE: A panel of experts was used to identify the top studies supporting the purpose of this article. STUDY INCLUSION AND EXCLUSION CRITERIA: Studies were chosen based on the following criteria: the study (1) examined the relationship between health risks and financial outcomes, or health promotion programs and financial outcomes; (2) provided strong and compelling financial data supporting the worth of health promotion; (3) had a high-quality methodology; (4) answered an important question or replicated important findings with superior methodology; and (5) represented U.S.-based initiatives published since 1980. After initially nominating a group of studies for consideration, panelists rated each on a scale from 1 to 3 representing their opinion of importance. Studies rating the highest were included for this discussion. DATA EXTRACTION METHODS: Studies were analyzed by population characteristics, design, statistical tests, limitations, and results. This information was summarized for each identified article. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS: A relationship between modifiable health risk factors and health care costs is supported by research. Health promotion interventions appear to provide positive financial returns, most notably for health care costs and absenteeism reduction. Private sector initiatives seem to be driving economic-based research. Overall, health promotion shows promising results for providing financial advantages for its sponsors; however, if this discipline is to show its true worth, considerable funding is needed from government or philanthropic sources to cover the substantial costs of quality research.

Cost-Benefit Analysis↗

PubMed2005

[Theories of behavior change through preventive and health promotion interventions in occupational therapy].

BACKGROUND: Community occupational therapy practice challenges therapists in their health educator role and incites them to implement preventive strategies with their clients. Working in the community also provides an interesting context for the implementation of strategies targeting health promotion at the community level. PURPOSE: This article describes some of the theories that are used in the public health and health promotion fields to explain health-related behaviour change. It also highlights their potential for community practice in occupational therapy. The theories presented in this paper are the health belief model, social cognitive theory, theory of reasoned action and theory of planned behavior. They are among the most widely used for health-related behaviour analysis and intervention. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Since these theories emphasize a set of factors that influence health behaviours, reviewing these theories could contribute to enhance the effectiveness of educational interventions with regards to clients'adherence to their prevention and health promotion recommendations.

Behavior Therapy↗