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At least 1,243 records · Page 69Linked to original sources
PubMed1969

The emision of corrosive vapours by wood. Hot-water-extracted O-acetylated hemicelluloses from sweet chestnut (Castnaea sativa) and wych elm (Ulmus glabrau) and a discussion of O-acetyl-group changes occurring in these woods during incubation at 48 degrees and 100 per cent relative humidity.

1. O-Acetylated polysaccharides were obtained from green wood of both sweet chestnut and wych elm by treatment of the residue remaining after dimethyl sulphoxide extraction with water at 98 degrees . This gives a mixture of polysaccharides containing xylose, galactose, glucose and uronic acids. Analysis of these and their fractionated products suggest that only xylans in green sweet chestnut and green wych elm are O-acetylated. 2. The isolated O-acetylated xylans are not representative of the total O-acetylated xylans occurring in sweet chestnut and wych elm. 3. Application of the method developed by Bouveng for the location of O-acetyl groups to all four O-acetylated xylans obtained in this series of investigations by dimethyl sulphoxide extraction showed that those from sweet chestnut and wych elm, under the same conditions of incubation, lost: 74.2 and 43.4% of acetyl groups respectively, at C-2; 58.0 and 28.5% of acetyl groups respectively at C-3; 41.8 and 82.2% of acetyl groups respectively at C-2 and C-3. 4. A consideration of electronic and steric factors indicates that there does not appear to be a purely chemical reason for the difference in loss of O-acetyl groups between sweet chestnut and wych elm. It is suggested that the location of O-acetylated xylans in the wood cell walls and the presence of extractive may play some part in this difference.

Acetates↗
PubMed2003

Adverse airway events during brief nasal inhalations of volatile anaesthetics: the effect of humidity and repeated exposure on incidence in volunteers preselected by response to desflurane.

Twelve volunteers known to have airways that responded adversely to 2.0 MAC desflurane were recruited. Each volunteer inhaled three single breaths of each of 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 MAC of sevoflurane, halothane, isoflurane, desflurane and balance air, with breaths of air between, whilst breathing nasally through a face mask attached to one of three filters that provided three different levels of humidification. The incidence of any adverse airway events was recorded. The anaesthetic inhaled significantly affected the incidence of adverse airway events (p < 0.001), with the least to most irritant being sevoflurane, halothane, isoflurane and desflurane. Increasing the concentration of anaesthetic also significantly increased the incidence of adverse airway events (p < 0.001). The filter used, and hence the level of humidification, did not affect the incidence of adverse airway events (p = 0.09), but repeated exposure caused a significant reduction in the incidence of adverse airway events (p < 0.001).

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Inventory of wild rodents and lagomorphs as natural hosts of Fasciola hepatica on a farm located in a humid area in Loire Atlantique (France).

With the objective of studying the role of wild fauna in the epidemiology of fasciolosis disease, a definitive wild-host inventory was carried out in a french farm where infected domestic hosts (cows) cohabit with wild potential ones. Liver flukes, faecal eggs and antibodies were looked for in lagomorphs (Oryctolagus cuniculus) and rodents (Myocastor coypus, Ondatra zybethicus, Rattus norvegicus, Arvicola sapidus and micromammal species) trapped in the study area. Presence of Fasciola hepatica was detected in two species: O. cuniculus and M. coypus. Infection rates were respectively 34% (42/124) and 55% (106/193). Liver flukes were found in 78 M. coypus (n = 192) and 11 O. cuniculus (n = 35). No other species was infected by F. hepatica. The number of animals shedding fluke eggs was higher in M. coypus (49 out of 127 sampled; 38.6%) than in O. cuniculus (two out of 17 sampled; 11.7%). The results indicate that M. coypus may play a role in the maintenance and the dissemination of F. hepatica in various environments and open a discussion on the role of other natural wild hosts.

Agriculture↗