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PubMed1991

[Psycho-rheumatic problems in patients with soft tissue rheumatism].

Patients with non-articular rheumatism syndrome demand a multidimensional judgment and an interdisciplinary care in a biopsychosocial understanding of the disease. In the psychosomatic consideration factors from the person-environment interaction of the patient gains increasedly importance. Thereby the communication of pain in the doctor-patient relationship and the valuation of pain in the family play a particular role. These regions of psychorheumatological problems are shown and discussed.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1991

[Psychobiology of grief and loss processing--recent immunologic and endocrinologic approaches and findings].

Recent studies demonstrate the importance of social relationships for maintaining health. As mechanisms remain hidden in ongoing relationships, much of our knowledge comes from the deleterious health consequences of loss or separation. Despite the central importance of object loss in psychosomatic models of disease, physiological links have hardly been explored. After a short review of psychological processes of mourning, recent psychoimmunological and endocrinological studies are discussed. These show fairly consistent immunosuppressive effects of depressive disorders and of impending and actual loss of the partner and endocrinological changes, also related in magnitude to depression. First results of intervention studies show favorable endocrinological and immunological changes presumably due to promotion of social relations and reduction of distress. Despite manifold methodological problems this approach provides a promising access towards understanding the meaning of social relations for physiological regulation. Decisive issues of the relationship of immunological and endocrinological changes and their clinical relevance must await further longitudinal studies which should include a more detailed psychological analysis of mourning and object relations.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Mental health nursing in general clinical practice].

The nurse in the general clinical practice considers every person as a unique and indivisible bio-psycho-social human being and every disease as a psychosomatic phenomenon. In this perspective, she assesses not only the physical problems of each patient, but also his psychosocial adaptation to the stress of the physical illness. She plans and implements the necessary psychosocial interventions to strengthen the patient's mental health which will promote his cure, always practicing the holistic and personalized nursing care. Furthermore, she pursues her self-continuing education in matters of mental health as in matters of basic sciences and new hospital technology.

Holistic Health↗
PubMed1985

Facilitating patient acceptance of a psychiatric referral.

There are five common ways in which a patient may object to a physician's suggestion of a psychiatric referral. The patient may reject the referral because of the social stigma of being a psychiatric patient; because the referral damages his or her self-esteem; because the patient does not understand the role of emotions in physical discomfort; because the patient feels rejected by the referring physician; or because of the effects of psychiatric illness. Following a thorough medical workup, the physician can best discharge his or her responsibility to the patient by paying attention to these possible misunderstandings. The physician can discuss the role of social stigma, offset the blows to the patient's self-esteem, educate the patient about the psychosomatic model of disease, and assure the patient of the physician's continuing interest and involvement.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Psychology in medical rehabilitation].

Integral cooperation of a clinical psychologist or psychotherapist in an internal medicine rehabilitation clinic is required because the presence of (contributory) psychic causes is evident beyond any doubt in numerous complaint syndromes. Regrettably, decision-making bodies frequently fail to acknowledge the necessity of competent psychological help. Various activities have developed as specific psychotherapeutic tasks, among them individual interviewing and above all group work (client-centered psychotherapy, staff-client meetings, health education, autogenic relaxation training, creativity therapy, biofeedback, and so on). Client-centered psychotherapy indications are outlined. Medical psychology, psychotherapy, and psychosomatic aspects of disease concepts must not be ignored if major concerns in medial rehabilitation and inpatient rehabilitative treatment programmes are to be dealt with effectively.

Autogenic Training↗
PubMed1981

[Encounter with Chinese psychiatry (I). Traditional medicine and psychiatry in China (author's transl)].

The opening of the People's Republic of China after the cultural revolution also offers an opportunity for German neurologists to become acquainted with Chinese public health organization and the system of psychiatric care in the People's Republic of China. Today, Chinese medicine and psychiatry are faced with the problem of combining traditional diagnostic and therapeutic methods, particularly acupuncture and herbal medicine, with western scientific and psychotherapeutic principles and methods. The example of a Worker's Sanatorium stands for the multiplicity of traditional Chinese methods of treatment and also for psychosomatic disorders and diseases.

Acupuncture Therapy↗
PubMed1982

[Psychosomatics and rehabilitation (author's transl)].

Psychosomatics are presently undergoing a period of reorientation. Its scope is extending beyond the traditional, typically psychosomatic disorders to disease processes that are of considerable relevance to rehabilitation, offering novel explanatory models. Psychosocial influences are vital to the course of rehabilitation, too. This is discussed on the examples of coronary diseases and motor disability. Psychic factors may increase the risk of being affected by a disease, or they may be activated during the disease and rehabilitation processes (as in traumatic neurosis). In either case can maximum rehabilitation success be accomplished only when these factors are taken into account. Hence, psychotherapeutic supports are indispensable components of the rehabilitation effort, with analytical therapy needing be supplemented and abbreviated by other techniques. In their institutional structures, rehabilitation facilities moreover have at their disposal a therapeutic potential that could be utilized. This would however presuppose an increased interest in psychodiagnosis - not least in view of the pressing need for prevention.

Coronary Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The organism in health and disease. On the path to an integrated biomedical model: sequelae of the theory of psychosomatic medicine].

Traditional Western biomedicine emphasizes changes in structure as explanations of disease, that are produced by single causes. It seeks to understand the proximate, molecular mechanisms of disease. The consequences of this line of thought are varied and many, and are not the purpose of this essay. Psychosomatic medicine research has always been more concerned with a broader and more integrated perspective in health, illness and disease. It has attempted to study and understand persons in terms of the behaviors of interacting systems - the physiology of the organism. In the past 20 years a language has evolved that speaks of the organism's functions in dynamic, time-related terms. Both phenomenologically and mathematically functions can be described in terms of rhythms which with disease undergo change. Each function has its own characteristic features (amplitude, frequency and form) it is frequency modulated. These rhythms are the product of oscillators, and/or positive and negative or mixed feedback systems. When perturbed they undergo changes in features. Many rhythms (e.g. circadian ones) are under environmental control, or are entrained by the environment and by social relationships.

Animals↗
PubMed1965

NEURODERMATITIS.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Depression↗
PubMed1986

Psychosomatics and depression.

The enormous socio-cultural arrangements of the last centenary led to transformations in the course of diseases. Child mortality and infectious diseases could be largely eliminated. On the other hand, there appeared new diseases because of prolongation of life, increase of population, stress and conflicts. They, therefore, are called 'specific human diseases'--as depressions, neurosis, psychosomatic disturbances and drug abuse. In the last years depression more and more appeared as somatically masked depression.

Depressive Disorder↗
PubMed2006

[Psychosomatic medicine in primary care].

Patients commonly visit their primary care physician (PCP) because of body symptoms. However, neither the PCP nor his patient can tell immediately whether or not psychosocial factors play a role in the disease manifestation. If this is the case, only a patient-centred approach and basic knowledge in biopsychosocial skills will help the PCP to diagnose and treat his patient appropriately. This article gives a comprehensive overview on how the PCP can approach patients with psychosomatic diseases (i.e. somatic symptoms exacerbated by psychosocial factors, medically unexplained symptoms, functional somatic syndromes, somatic manifestation of psychiatric diseases). Adopting this approach will allow the PCP to be challenged but not overburdened by, on an average, 30-50% of his patients presenting with psychosomatic symptoms.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Introduction to psychosomatic medicine (author's transl)].

Psychosomatic medicine is a "holistic" conception of pluricausal medicine which has as an objective to study not the isolated disease, but the sick man, that is the humanised patient in his most complete nosological and ecological perspective. Numerous arguments seem to indicate the reality of clinical and experimental links between emotional life, psychic troubles and the dysfunctioning of organs or the apparition of visceral lesions. Anatomical and physiological studies play a capital role at the level of the hypothalamus, limbic system and at different neuroendocrinological systems (pituitary, corticoadrenal and medulloadrenal). On the experimental level, beside confining ulcers obtained by different technics on the laboratory rat, one must insist on the experiments of Weiss who showed that the peptic ulcers of the rat, under certain conditions, depend on two variables: the number of stimuli which the animal must face and the informative feedbacks more or less useful, which it receives in return. The investigations undertaken on the sick man show the importance of functional troubles with respect to anomalies of the autonomic nervous system or anomalies of intramural ganglions, which explain perhaps the notion of target organs for the troubles. Considering the most recent concepts which valorise the role of genetic factors in the determination of psychosomatic diseases, one can conceive that psychological determinants, affective or environmental, are cofactors which integrate themselves with somatic, genetic, constitutional and nutritional factors to produce the final morbid picture.

Animals↗