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PubMed2003

Psychological adaptation and distress among HIV+ Latina women: adaptation to HIV in a Mexican American cultural context.

In order to examine the relative importance of general individual orientations (mastery and self-esteem) and specific coping styles with regard to psychological distress among women with HIV, data are examined from a pilot study involving in-depth face-to-face interviews with 32 HIV+ Latinas receiving care at 4 clinics serving the South Texas population. Interviews were conducted to provide preliminary psychometric information on coping and distress instruments in this predominantly Mexican American population as well as to examine psychosocial factors related to individual adjustment to HIV among Latina females. Refusal rates were low in this study (approximately 10%) and measurement instruments generally had acceptable internal consistency reliability. Results of exploratory multiple regression analyses suggest that self-esteem and mastery may be more salient predictors of depression and anxiety symptoms than are specific coping strategies.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1992

Psychological adaptation of mothers of children with spina bifida: association with dimensions of social relationships.

Investigated the hypothesis that dimensions of social relationships such as family support, conflict, and control; marital quality/support, social support, and social coping are associated with the psychological adjustment of mothers of children with spina bifida. A representative sample of 66 mothers answered a series of questionnaires including the Family Environment Scale. Dyadic Adjustment Scale, Social Support Questionnaire (6-item form), Social Coping Questionnaire, and SCL-90-R. Results indicated that mothers with more supportive families and marriages and less conflicted and controlling families reported lower levels of psychological symptoms. Coping strategies directed at friends were related to more symptoms.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Psychological adaptation of nurses post-disaster.

Disasters have the potential to cause major disruptions in lifeline services and family support systems. As caregivers, nurses are required to make difficult choices during national emergencies and may be at risk for experiencing psychological distress following a disaster. This study describes the responses of a group of nurses following Hurricane Hugo, and makes recommendations to minimize the stress placed on nurses working in a time of disaster.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2006

Hormonal and psychological adaptation in elite male rowers during prolonged training.

In this study, we examined possible hormonal and psychological changes in elite male rowers during a 24-week preparatory period. Eleven elite male rowers were tested on seven occasions over the 6-month training season. Fasting testosterone, growth hormone, cortisol, and creatine kinase activity, together with perceived recovery-stress state were evaluated after a day of rest. Maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) was determined before and after the training period. Training was mainly organized as low-intensity prolonged training sessions. Significant increases in VO2max (from 6.2 +/- 0.5 to 6.4 +/- 0.6 l x min(-1)) were observed as a result of training. The overall perceived recovery-stress index did not change during the preparatory period. Standardized recovery and stress scores changed during the course of training in comparison with pre-training values. When basal hormone concentrations were compared with the first measurement, significant changes in testosterone and cortisol were observed together with changes in mean weekly training volume. Basal testosterone (r = 0.416; P = 0.010) and cortisol (r = 0.527; P = 0.001) were related to mean weekly training volume. Basal growth hormone did not change during the training. Changes in creatine kinase activity demonstrated similar pattern with changes in mean weekly training volume. The overall perceived recovery-stress index was related to testosterone, cortisol, growth hormone, and creatine kinase activity (r > 0.299; P < 0.015). Our findings indicate that testosterone and cortisol are more sensitive to changes in training volume than either growth hormone or perceived recovery-stress state in elite rowing training. Increases in these stress hormone concentrations represent a positive adaptation to current training load. Significant relationships between hormonal and perceived recovery-stress state suggest that metabolic and psychological changes should be carefully monitored to avoid a negative effect on the training status of elite rowers.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1989

[Children with phenylketonuria (Fölling's disease). Intellectual functions and psychological adaptation].

Untreated phenylketonuria (PKU) leads to serious mental retardation. The prognosis of PKU has been dramatically improved by neonatal screening and dietary treatment. This study evaluates 25 children, ages 10 to 16 years. Children who receive early and adequate treatment have a mean IQ slightly below normal, and few psychological problems. The disease causes considerable strain on the families, however, because of the very strict diet. Recent evidence suggests that children with PKU can only rarely terminate the diet, although in many cases the diet can be relaxed. It is essential to teach the children the diet and promote autonomy in relation to phenylketonuria.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1998

Psychological adaptation and adjustment of mothers of children with congenital heart disease: stress, coping, and family functioning.

OBJECTIVE: Investigate support for the transactional stress and coping model for mothers of children with congenital heart defects, in accounting for the variance in maternal adjustment. METHODS: Participants were 52 mothers of children recruited from a university medical center. Measures included illness variables, cognitive processes (i.e., appraisals of stress, expectations, methods of coping, family functioning, and maternal psychological adjustment). RESULTS: Maternal adjustment was associated with high levels of daily stress and palliative coping techniques and was not significantly associated with severity of the cardiac defect. Together, the variables of the model accounted for approximately 38% of the variance in maternal adjustment. CONCLUSIONS: The findings are in accord with previous research among other chronically ill populations in suggesting an association between stress, coping, and maternal adjustment. Within the limitations of the study, the data were interpreted to support the utility of theoretical models in identifying areas in need of intervention across chronic illness groups.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1995

[Psychological adaptation of patients after cardiosurgery on the mitral valve].

Authors present results of their own study concerning psycho-sociological functioning in patients after mitral valvuloplasty or mitral valve repleasment. A sourse of data was information obtained from mail questionnaire in 60 persons. We have made an analysis of phenomena which influence on subjects' occupational activity. During the hospitalisation period, before and after surgical treatment, patients had hemodynamicly exam (with effort) to hold in estimation their condition. The results of this study shown that most of the subjects don't resume their occupational work. This is caused by psychological or psychosociological reasons (anxiety, fear before effort, no acceptation by employer at person after cardiosurgical treatment, etc). Authors underline necessity of the intensive psychotherapeutic action during the hospitalisation and just after it at ambulatory course.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1984

[Psychological adaptation in coronary patients].

Summarizing some essential results from empirical investigations about the individual adaptation and coping with coronary heart diseases five principles are formulated: It ist not possible to predict the individual reactions to a coronary disease from the knowledge of the pathophysiological aspects. The behaviour pattern of these patients are different and complex determined. The individual reactions to the outbreak of the disease equally depend on familial, occupational, social and public health care factors on one side and on intrapsychical factors of the patient on the other side (i.e. personality structure, psychological status before the event etc.). The fact of a coronary or myocardial disease does not necessarily lead to a life-crisis or maladaptation. For the patient's style of life positive and/or negative effects of the disease can be differentiated. The patient's appraisal of a therapeutic success depends therefore on the intraindividual reinforcement-value of such a success. Adaptation and coping strategies are not uniform in phenomenological or time aspects. The emotional, cognitive and behavioural patterns primarily tend to help to cope with anxiety and uncertainty (f.i. denial, depression, aggression, building up a new identity). In the patient's mind a myocardial infarction is not necessarily the most important event in his actual life-situation. Concerning the heart disease fears about the own capacity of work and financial outcome are dominant. They are followed by concerns about the medical prognosis or course of disease, family life and partnership, satisfaction with future life and its meaning, and aspects of the social or ecological environment. Over all these patients show relatively optimistic prospects to their own future.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2006

Measuring adaptability: psychological examinations of Jewish detainees in Cyprus internment camps.

Two medical delegations, one from Palestine and one from the United States, were sent to detainment camps in Cyprus in the summer of 1947. The British Mandatory government had set up these camps in the summer of 1946 to stem the flow of Jewish immigrants into Palestine after World War II. The purpose of the medical delegations was to screen the camps' inhabitants and to propose a mental-health program for their life in Palestine. We examine the activities of these two delegations within the context of their scientific interest in the psycho-pathology of displaced persons after World War II and as part of a broader project of mental hygiene. According to the delegations, the detainees would be a potential source of strength for building a new society if they adapted to life in Palestine. However, they would become a burden if they failed to be absorbed. At the same time, the medical delegations also saw the detainee camps as a potential "living laboratory" for scientific exploration. The case of the two medical delegations in Cyprus is also a story about constructing and transgressing medical borders. Apart from the obvious fact that this case study deals with movement of people, refugees as well as health-care workers, it is also about the transmission of knowledge and professions across the ocean.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Study of the psychological adaptation of the crew during a 135 days space simulation.

The purpose of this study is to examine human adaptation of a three members' crew during a 135 days MIR flight simulation and to compare and validate psychological methods for monitoring and support in flight. The main findings showed that isolation was not a key factor for the subjects who were more concerned by recreational activities, family, and work. The individual reactions to stress of the crew members were to project their problems on the others. These reactions had some consequences upon the group: Although the three subjects developed a weak tendency to "group think", one of the crew members was considered as less integrated to the group by the other two subjects, who, however, acted to protect (successfully) the general cohesion and mood of the crew. From a methodological point of view, baseline data predicted the difficulties that occurred for one of the crew member. Both quantitative and qualitative tools were adequate, although qualitative tests gave a closer approach to the actual situation that developed during the simulation.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1987

Psychological adaptation to pregnancy in childless women more than 35 years of age.

Forty-five pregnant childless women with a mean age of 36.6 years (+/- 1.7) were compared with 42 nulliparous pregnant women with a mean age of 26.7 years (+/- 2.8). Initial interviews determined the basic demographic data, the reasons for delaying pregnancy, attitudes to pregnancy, and plans concerning careers. Psychological tests were given to measure anxiety, depression, anger, marital intimacy, sense of autonomy, and role expectations. These psychological tests were applied to all patients at 12 to 16 weeks' gestation and again at 28 to 32 weeks' gestation. The demographic information from the two groups was remarkably similar. Although their ages differed by 10 years, their career goals, their family incomes, reasons for delaying pregnancy, and reasons for now getting pregnant revealed minimal differences. The Maffer Feminine Identity Scale revealed that the younger women held more traditional attitudes toward a woman's roles than the older group. The Sociotrophy-Autonomy Scale indicated that the older women were more independent than the younger pregnant patients. The Symptom Checklist indicated that the older group were less troubled by pregnancy than the control group, and although their level of distress increased as the pregnancy progressed, they remained better adjusted as they entered the last trimester of their pregnancies.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Childhood antecedents of psychological adaptation to military life.

This study examined the impact of a history of childhood abuse and neglect on soldiers' adaptation to Army life including commitment to the Army, confidence in leaders, and perceptions of unit cohesion and readiness. Childhood abuse and neglect were measured by the 30-item Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) which comprises four subscales-sexual abuse, physical-emotional abuse, emotional neglect, and physical neglect. Information was obtained through a survey of 1,051 male soldiers and 305 female soldiers from combat support and combat service support units located at three different Army posts in the United States. The study found that of the four CTQ subscales, emotional neglect was the only variable predicting lower unit cohesion and lower confidence in leaders for both male and female soldiers even after controlling for concurrent psychological symptoms and sociodemographic variables. Emotional neglect during childhood may have a negative impact on soldiers' ability to access social support within their units, a factor that has been shown to prevent psychological breakdown in combat.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1995

Perceptions of social support and psychological adaptation to sexually acquired HIV among white and African American men.

Although the research literature documents the impact of social support on the mental health of people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), the assumption that relationships between social support and mental health functioning are comparable across ethnically distinct populations with HIV/AIDS has been challenged. This study reports preliminary data on the relationship between perceptions of social support and mental health in a sample of African American and white men with sexually acquired HIV. Data from 33 respondents revealed considerable differences within the sample. Data from white men revealed strong positive relationships between mental health measures and social support from friends and family, whereas data from African American men revealed negative relationships. Further, measures of social support seem to adequately reflect the support systems of white men but not those of African American men. Implications of these and additional findings for research and practice are considered.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Group therapies for rheumatoid arthritis. A controlled study of two approaches.

An important unanswered question about rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is how the patient's psychological or emotional state relates to disease activity and functional status. No controlled studies of psychotherapeutic interventions in RA have been reported. To test the hypothesis that a psychosocial intervention would lead to improvement in functional status or disease activity, 57 RA patients were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 groups, which received: 1) conventional group psychotherapy; 2) group assertion/relaxation training; or 3) no treatment (control group). Patient and physician questionnaires collected at baseline, immediately after the interventions, and 12 months after baseline provided outcome data on functional status, social and psychological adaptation, psychological symptoms, and disease activity. There were few outcome measures for which either treatment resulted in significantly higher scores than were seen in controls, though more improvement did occur among patients who received conventional group psychotherapy.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed2000

Loneliness and adaptation among second-generation Portuguese migrants to France: roles of perceived responsibility and control.

This study explores the association of perceived responsibility for loneliness and perceived control over loneliness on social adaptation and psychological adaptation among 109 second-generation Portuguese migrants to France. Analysis showed that rated perceived control was more highly associated with scores on social adaptation and psychological adaptation than perceived responsibility.

Acculturation↗