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At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Relative contributions of chemical and non-chemical drives to the breath-holding time in breath-hold divers (Ama).

Relative contributions of chemical and non-chemical respiratory stimulations to breath-holding time (BHT) were examined in assisted (Funado) and unassisted (Kachido) breath-hold divers (Ama). In the Funado the magnitude of the chemical contribution was reduced, though statistically not significantly. On the other hand, in the Kachido no difference in chemical contribution was seen from the control. This was considered to be due to the fact that ventilatory response to CO2 was reduced in the Funado, but not in the Kachido. Despite the decreased contribution of CO2 drive to BHT, absolute BHT in the Funado was no prolonged. This may be related to sensitization of the respiratory centers to non-chemical stimulation. Such adaptation would be effective for preventing the danger of losing consciousness in the Funado who face extreme hypoxia on returning to the surface from a dive.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1981

Ventilatory response to CO2 rebreathing at rest in the ama.

Ventilatory response to CO2 in the Ama (Kachido) was determined by the CO2 rebreathing method in the beginning (March) and during (September) harvest season. It was found that mean slopes of the ventilatory response curve in March and September were 0.76 and 0.73 liters/(min.m2.mmHg), respectively, this difference being insignificant.

Acclimatization↗
PubMed1996

Unscheduled admissions and AMA discharges from a substance abuse unit.

On the inpatient substance abuse service of the Philadelphia Veterans Administration Hospital, we found that patients who were admitted to the hospital "unscheduled" had a disproportionately higher incidence of subsequent AMA (against medical advice) discharge, particularly if they were alcoholic. This finding calls into question the cost-effectiveness of hospitalization as an initial treatment strategy for substance abusers who enter treatment impulsively and points out the need for additional study to determine the most cost-effective treatments for addicts whose primary motivation for treatment may be to obtain relief from precipitating stressors.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Apical membrane antigen-1 (AMA-1) gene sequences of re-emerging Plasmodium vivax in South Korea.

Plasmodium vivax malaria re-emerged in South Korea in 1993, and epidemics continue since then. We examined genetic variation in the region encompassing the apical membrane antigen-1 (PvAMA-1) of the parasites by DNA sequencing of the 22 re-emerging P. vivax isolates. The genotype of the PvAMA-1, which was based on sequence data previously reported for the polymorphic regions, showed that two haplotypes were present at one polymorphic site. Compared with reported data, the two types, SKOR type I and type II, were similar to Chinese CH-10A and CH-05A isolates, respectively. Thus, the present study showed that two genotypes of AMA-1 genes coexist in the re-emerging Korean P. vivax.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

The AMA's stake in VE: safeguarding the profession, patients.

The American Medical Association has been involved in the Voluntary Effort from the very beginning, realizing that physicians would be directly affected by any hospital cost containment legislation. Because the medical profession's chief concern is for the patient, the AMA believes it is their responsibility to protect the quality of care while working toward efficient and economic health care delivery.

American Medical Association↗
PubMed1980

AMA orients itself to current realities.

At its 1980 annual meeting, the AMA revised its "Principles of Medical Ethics" to achieve a more contemporary stance between professional principles and social reality; it gave its approval, although qualified, to HMOs; it elected to negotiate with the appropriate organizations to establish a single nationwide accrediting body for continuing medical education; and it adopted a draft document on the categorization of hospital emergency capabilities.

American Medical Association↗
PubMed1999

[Evaluation of the usefulness of the antimyosin monoclonal antibody (AMA) uptake in the diagnosis of heart transplant (HT) rejection].

OBJECTIVE: To ascertain whether a given level of antimyosin monoclonal antibody (AMA) uptake in the endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) can identify patients with rejection. MATERIAL AND METHOD: 186 examinations were performed on 65 patients (8 women and 57 men) with orthotopic heat transplant (HT): Mean age 51 +/- 13 years. There were 3 examinations per patient (range 1-6). The studies were conducted 13 to 880 days after the HT. The C/p uptake indexes were obtained according to the Carrió y cols. method and the results were compared with the biopsy findings. Rejection was considered to be when the biopsy showed at least one site of necrosis. RESULTS: 1) We analyzed the C/P index in accordance with the post-HT interval and with the degree of rejection obtained by EMB. No group showed any significant differences between the patients with an without rejection (p > 0,05). 2) We applied a variable threshold based on post-HT interval, using an exponential curve defined on the basis of the interval of the values corresponding to patients without rejection and good progress compared with that of the rejection patients. This approach also did not contribute any improvement compared to the use of a fixed threshold due to the significant overlay of the values for patients with and without rejection. 3) Finally, we analyzed the individual evolution of the C/P indexes for each patient in terms of time. In patients whose clinical progress was good, the C/P indexes were observed to drop progressively over time. In those whose clinical progress was poor, abrupt increases in the index values were observed. CONCLUSION: We were unable to differentiate significantly between patients with and without rejection in EMB using fixed and variable thresholds of the C/P index. However, the different patterns of evolution for each patient provide information on the lack of complications and could be used as a follow-up technique.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

AMA launches partnership to lease physician database.

A joint venture is allowing the AMA to refine the physician data it sells to marketers. Physicians in the organization's heavily used database get some latitude in how information about them is distributed.

American Medical Association↗
PubMed2003

Comparison of blood pressure between Indiana AMA and NMA members.

OBJECTIVE: 1) To determine whether African-American physicians, compared to caucasian physicians, were at increased risk to develop hypertension; and 2) to determine whether physicians' knowledge of cardiovascular risk factors influenced their pattern of exercise. DESIGN: A mailed survey of members of the American Medical Association (AMA) and the National Medical Association (NMA) was completed to assess health status and plans for retirement. RESULTS: High-normal blood pressure was defined as systolic blood pressure of 85-89 mmHg. Mild (stage-1) hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure of 140-159 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure of 90-99 mmHg. Gender (male), age, and body mass index (BMI) were significantly correlated with elevated levels of selected blood pressure measures. Using regression analysis to control for gender, age, and BMI, ethnicity was identified as a fourth factor accounting for elevated blood pressure. NMA physicians had 3.25 times the risk of having systolic blood pressure in the mild (stage-1) hypertension range, 5.78 times the risk for blood pressure in the high-normal diastolic hypertension range, and 5.19 times the risk for blood pressure in the mild (stage-1) diastolic hypertension range. Medical specialty and type of psychological support were not significant predictors of elevated blood pressure. CONCLUSION: These data suggest that African-American physicians may be at an increased risk to develop abnormal blood pressure, compared to caucasian physicians, potentially affecting the number of physicians available to minority communities.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

The AMA alternative to medical liability litigation: pros, cons, and fatal flaws.

The AMA proposal for an administrative scheme to replace professional liability litigation has many positive features. It abolishes jury trial and allows administrative determination of fault, representation by appointed lawyers, and limited recovery but for a wider range of injuries during treatment. Attractive as these provisions may seem to medical providers, several of them are radical enough to ensure rejection by the courts as unconstitutional. The "total package" approach to professional liability reform is less promising than concentration on the introduction of a few key items of proven or probable efficacy. Medical providers should concentrate their limited resources on tort reform providing for "caps" on noneconomic damages (pain and suffering), an absolute statute of limitations, reversal of the collateral sources (double recovery) rule, limitations on attorneys' fees, and periodic payments, rather than lump sums, for large awards. The new TMA proposal for neurological birth injuries is discussed briefly.

American Medical Association↗
PubMed1987

[Comparative antibacterial activity of a new monobactam, carumonam (RO 17-2301, AMA 1080) on hospital bacteria resistant to beta lactams].

In vitro activity of a new monobactam, carumonam (RO 17-2301, AMA 1080) was tested against 370 hospital bacterial isolates. Results were compared to aztreonam, cefotaxime, cefmenoxime, latamoxef, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, pefloxacin against Enterobacteriaceae, to aztreonam, piperacillin, cefoperazone, cefsulodin, ceftazidime, imipenem and pefloxacin against P. aeruginosa. All Enterobacteriaceae strains produced cephalosporinases and all P. aeruginosa strains were ticarcillin resistant. MIC 90% of carumonam against Enterobacteriaceae strains was lower than 0.25 mg/l for P. mirabilis, P. vulgaris, P. stuartii, Salmonella sp., ranged from 0.25 to 0.5 mg/l for Klebsiella sp. and S. marcescens, from 1 to 2 mg/l for E. coli and P. morganii, and from 4 to 8 mg/l for C. freundii and E. cloacae. The rate of strains inhibited with 4 mg/l of carumonam was 95.3%. So carumonam was at the second place from eight tested products, after latamoxef (97.5% of susceptible strains). Carumonam was active against second generation cephalosporins resistant strains when these strains were susceptible or intermediate to cefotaxime. Strains resistant to this compound escaped to its action. Its activity against A. calcoaceticus was weak (22.6% of strains inhibited by 4 mg/l), but was superior to that of cefsulodin against ticarcillin resistant P. aeruginosa strains (54.5 versus 16.1% of susceptible strains). However carumonam was less active against this last species than ceftazidime or imipenem (92.6 and 91% of susceptible strains respectively).

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1994

"Assault weapons" revisited--an analysis of the AMA report.

The AMA Council on Scientific Affairs did not conduct a rigorous scientific evaluation before supporting a ban on assault weapons. The Council appears to have unquestioningly accepted common misperceptions and even partisan misrepresentations regarding the nature and uses of assault weapons. This article examines the pivotal issues and proposes a rational approach to gun control and more effectual measures to reduce violence in our society.

American Medical Association↗
PubMed1998

Alzheimer's disease. AMA Council on Scientific Affairs Reference Committee D.

OBJECTIVE: This report responds to Substitute Resolution 518, I-96, which asks that the AMA, in cooperation with appropriate medical specialty societies, study Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other dementias, with particular emphasis on their diagnosis and treatment, issues relating to patient and caregiver education, the financing of care of affected individuals, the identification of research needs, and consideration of issues pertaining to the quality of life of individuals with these conditions. METHODS: This report is based on a review of guidelines produced by the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research (AHCPR), the American Academy of Neurology (AAN), the Veterans Health Administration (VHA), and the American Psychiatric Association (APA), combined with review of the latest published literature on AD and related disorders and consultation with experts in the field. This analysis was used as a basis for policy formulation. RESULT: The guidelines reviewed were: (1) Recognition and Initial Assessment of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders, published by the AHCPR; (2) Dementia Identification and Assessment, published by the VHA; (3) Practice Parameter: Diagnosis and Evaluation of Dementia. published by the AAN; and (4) Practice Guideline for the Treatment of Patients with Alzheimer's Disease and Other Dementias of Late Life, published by the APA. These documents are targeted for the following audiences: primary care physicians (VHA and AHCPR), neurologists (AAN), and psychiatrists (APA). Only the APA guide makes provision for continuity of care. The literature review revealed that ongoing research into AD focuses on three broad areas: etiology/risk factors, diagnosis and treatment. CONCLUSIONS: AD is a common and costly public health problem. With the increase in life expectancy in the United States, AD is expected to afflict approximately 14 million people within the next few decades. Irreversible dementia takes a heavy economic, social, physical, and psychological toll on patients and families. The financial costs to society are enormous. There is currently no cure for AD, only interventions that can temporarily ameliorate the profound cognitive losses and behavioral manifestations of the disorder. Community services for AD patients and families are fragmented and underutilized. As traditional gatekeepers for services, physicians can encourage more families to use supportive services. Several valuable guidelines exist related to the diagnosis and treatment of AD and related disorders.

Alzheimer Disease↗
PubMed1995

Prevention, diagnosis, and management of viral hepatitis. A guide for primary care physicians. AMA Advisory Group on Prevention, Diagnosis, and Management of Viral Hepatitis.

This guide was developed to provide the primary care physician with essential practice information on viral hepatitis in a concise and useful format. An American Medical Association advisory panel, representative of all primary care specialty associations and nationally recognized experts, conducted a systematic review of the medical literature and prepared this physician guide with an emphasis on prevention, diagnosis, and management. The guide also underwent extensive peer review. Practical information on viral characteristics and epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, management, and prevention is provided.

Adolescent↗