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At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Value in dental aptitude testing for minority applicants.

Dental Admission Test (DAT) content is designed to be relevant to the scientific material encountered in the dental school curriculum. Before use, all items are examined to ensure that they are equally familiar to all groups participating in the testing program. Moreover, performance on the DAT has been found to be the best nationally available predictor of success in dental school programs. While differential test performance has been observed for the various groups participating in the testing program, the validity of the test is comparable across these groups. Clearly, evidence supports the use of the Dental Admission Test in dental school admissions for all applicants.

Black or African American↗
PubMed1986

Surgical aptitude test for otolaryngology-head and neck surgery resident applicants.

The search for a convenient, rapid manual dexterity examination, which could be used at the time of the otolaryngology resident applicant's interview, led us to assess the following areas: purposeful hand direction, depth perception, tactile discrimination, finger pressure coordination, finger visual tracking of moving objects, spatial visualization, finger strength, speed of movements, fine control precision, finger dexterity, steadiness during movement, steadiness without movement, and neatness. With the astronomical increase in applicants to a limited number of positions in the field of otolaryngology-head and neck surgery, the application of an accurate, efficient manual dexterity assessment at the time of applicant interview is desirable. Presently, dental school applicants are screened by a series of manual dexterity tests. To develop our screening test, we integrated manual performance tests currently in use by private industry, occupational therapists, and dental school admission committees. Thus, applicants who are able to master fine microsurgical and macrosurgical techniques common in our specialty will be preferentially selected.

Aptitude Tests↗
PubMed1996

Trace element and hormonal responses during flight aptitude test.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to determine how trace metal and hormone levels change during stressful flight tests. The relationship between the hormonal response and flying performance was also investigated. METHODS: Urinary zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), noradrenaline (NAd), adrenaline (Adr), and saliva cortisol (Cs) levels were determined in 67 pilot applicants and compared with NAd, Adr, and Cs levels in 30 instructor pilots during 4 flight tests. RESULTS: Applicants had significantly decreased Zn concentrations following flight, but Cu concentrations remained unchanged. NAd, Adr, and Cs concentrations significantly increased following flight; the average ratio (post-/pre-flight) of the hormonal levels of the applicants was 1.52 (NAd), 3.57 (Adr), and 2.80 (Cs) compared with 1.86 (Adr) in instructors (NAd and Cs concentrations were not significantly changed in instructors following flight). Multiple regression analyses of post-flight levels of Zn for the hormonal levels revealed that Zn levels correlated significantly (p < 0.05) negatively with Adr levels. Hormonal responses for the best-rated and worst-rated applicant groups were greater than in the other groups, and post-flight levels of NAd and Adr in the best-rated group tended to return more rapidly to pre-flight levels. CONCLUSION: Flight test stress causes pilot applicants to change levels of urinary Zn, NAd, Adr, and Cs. Post-flight Zn decrement was likely related to an increase in Adr, suggesting that circulating Zn is sequestered by the liver in situations that induce hormonal changes.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Plaque, gingivitis and dental aptitude test scores of dental students.

In general, plaque and gingivitis scores were correlated negatively with the manual parameters and positively with the academic and mental parameters studied. Plaque showed significant negative correlations with the manual average and the carving test. Gingivitis also demonstrated a negative correlation, just short of significance, with the manual average, but virtually no correlation existed between gingivitis and the carving test. Gingivitis displayed a significant positive correlation with the academic average, and plaque exhibited a nonsignificant positive correlation with the academic average. Relationships between these parameters may help determine what segments of the population are more susceptible to plaque accumulation and gingivitis and may suggest possible new approaches to the adoption of preventive measures. Finally, in view of the statistically significant but relatively low correlation found between manual dexterity and oral health, further investigations are indicated to establish the validity of the relationship.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

The stability of validity coefficients over time: Ackerman's (1988) model and the general aptitude test battery.

This study examined P. L. Ackerman's (1988) model of skill acquisition within an applied setting. Differences were examined between jobs on the basis of task consistency: changes in performance variability across experience, learning curves, and stability of ability-performance correlations across experience. Results showed the degree of task consistency influenced the shape of learning curves, with jobs composed of primarily consistent tasks improving more rapidly and reaching asymptote sooner. In addition, trends in ability-performance correlations were moderated by the degree of task consistency within ajob. Specifically, forjobs with primarily consistent tasks, general cognitive ability best predicted early performance whereas psychomotor ability best predicted later performance. In contrast, general cognitive ability was the strongest predictor across experience for jobs with primarily inconsistent tasks.

Aptitude Tests↗
PubMed1991

Mathematical abilities of preschool children as measured by the aptitude test for school beginners.

The domain of preschool testing has received considerable attention in recent years. This study investigated which mathematical tasks are found most difficult at preschool level for boys and girls of two separate age groups, which tasks indicate a developmental tendency and which differentiate between the sexes. A sample of 60 children (30 boys and 30 girls) aged 5 yr., 6 mo. to 5 yr., 11 mo. were included as well as a sample of 60 children (30 boys and 30 girls) aged 6 yr., 0 mo. to 6 yr., 5 mo. The items referring to the basic arithmetic operations (+, -, x, divided by) were encountered as most difficult, certain items clearly indicated developmental changes, and no items differed significantly in difficulty for boys and girls of the same age.

Aptitude↗
PubMed2005

Construct validation of the Swedish Scholastic Aptitude Test by means of the Swedish Enlistment Battery.

The construct validity of the Swedish Scholastic Test (SweSAT), used for admissions to higher education, was studied through relating it to the Computerized Enlistment Battery (CAT-SEB) used at conscription to military service. Out of three male age cohorts tested at 18 years with the CAT-SEB in 1997, 1998, or 1999 six groups of men that had taken their first SweSAT in the Autumn (n= 3,163; 2,938; 2,820) the same year, or in the Spring (n= 3,238; 2,587; 2,447) the next year were used for the analyses. Four types of models were fitted to the tests: (1) a nested factor model with the latent variables general intelligence (g), crystallized intelligence (Gc) and general visualization; (2) a higher order model with g as an apex factor; (3) a multivariate regression model where the SeSAT subtests were regressed on the SEB factors; and (4) separate models of SweSAT and CAT-SEB with covariances between latent variables. The results show that the SweSAT is dominated by Gc factors and that the g factor has a smaller influence.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Premorbid IQ estimates from a multiple aptitude test battery: regression vs. equating.

Estimation of premorbid abilities remains an integral part of neuropsychological evaluations. Several methods of indirect estimation have been suggested in the literature. Many of these methods are based in prediction via linear regression. Unfortunately, linear regression has the well-reported tendency to underpredict high IQ scores and overpredict low IQ scores. This can be shown to be an unavoidable statistical artifact of linear regression. We demonstrate a procedure to estimate premorbid IQ without the regression artifact. The procedure has two steps: confirmation of construct equivalence and psychometric equating. An example using real data is presented which shows the regression to the mean problem with prediction and compares it to the results from equating.

Journal Article↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Psychological testing in the workplace.

Describing psychological testing as a controlled observation of human mental functioning through behavior, this chapter examines the variety, settings, and advantages and limitations of psychological tests commonly used in the work setting. Types of tests considered include achievement tests, aptitude tests, and personality and psychological functioning assessments.

Humans↗
PubMed1980

Toward the development of a new aptitude selection test battery for air traffic control specialists.

In an effort to update and refine the selection battery for air traffic controllers, five experimental tests measuring aptitudes and skills considered important in air traffic work were administered to 1,828 newly selected air traffic control specialist (ATCS) trainess on their first day of training at the FAA Academy in Oklahoma City. The five experimental tests and the five tests presently used by the Office of Personnel Management (OPM) for selecting ATCS trainess were employed in an iterative stepwise regression (stepdown procedure). The tests that made a significant contribution in predicting Academy scores were then used to form a composite and the old test battery and the new battery were compared. The new composite demonstrated a statistically significant increase in the multiple correlation over the old test battery. Use of the new test battery could result in a savings to the FAA in terms of Academy attrition due to failures. It could also aid in upgrading the quality of ATCS selectees and aid in minimizing error in air traffic control work.

Aptitude Tests↗