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Results for “Adolescent Development”

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At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

Motor skills of typically developing adolescents: awkwardness or improvement?

To identify sex differences and developmental trends in motor performance and coordination across three stages of development: prepubertal, pubertal and postpubertal, 60 participants, 30 males and 30 females, were assessed on 13 motor tasks. Physical characteristics that accompany puberty were used to classify the participants into the stages. Analysis of variance and covariate analyses demonstrated that motor performance improves throughout adolescence in both males and females and that sex differences exist in motor performance, males performing better than females. The magnitude of the stage and sex differences were demonstrated by large effect sizes (eta 2). The motor tasks of long jump, running speed, and throwing a ball principally distinguished between the males and females. Female performance differed less from male performance after puberty. Results showed no.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Adolescent development of forebrain stimulant responsiveness: insights from animal studies.

Although initiation of drug abuse occurs primarily during adolescence, little is known about the central effects of nicotine and other abused drugs during this developmental period. Here evidence, derived from studies in rodents, is presented that suggests that tobacco use initiation during early adolescence results from a higher reward value of nicotine. The developmental profiles of the rewarding effects of other abused drugs, such as cocaine, differ from that of nicotine. Using in situ hybridization to quantify mRNA levels of the immediate early gene, cfos, the neuronal activating effects of nicotine in limbic and sensory cortices at different developmental stages are evaluated. Significant age changes in basal levels of cfos mRNA expression in cortical regions are observed, with a peak of responding of limbic cortices during early adolescence. A changing pattern of nicotine-induced neuronal activation is seen across the developmental spectrum, with unique differences in both limbic and sensory cortex responding during adolescence. An attentional set-shifting task was also used to evaluate whether the observed differences during adolescence reflect early functional immaturity of prefrontal cortices that regulate motivated behavior and psychostimulant responding. The finding of significantly better responding during adolescence suggests apparent functional maturity of prefrontal circuits and greater cognitive flexibility at younger ages. These findings in rodent models suggest that adolescence is a period of altered sensitivity to environmental stimuli, including abused drugs. Further efforts are required to overcome technical challenges in order to evaluate drug effects systematically in this age group.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Cognitive behavioral treatment for suicidal alcohol abusing adolescents: development and pilot testing.

The purpose of this study was to pilot a cognitive behavioral treatment protocol for adolescents with co-occurring alcohol use disorder and suicidality, examine its association with symptomatic improvement, and determine its feasibility and acceptability. Treatment consisted of a 6 month acute treatment phase, 3 month maintenance phase, and a 3 month booster phase, as well as case management services. Participants were also permitted to receive concurrent pharmacotherapy. Five of six families completed the protocol. Measures of alcohol use and suicidality were collected at intake, end of acute treatment, and post-treatment. Decreases in alcohol use and suicidal ideation were reported for all participants. Two of the five participants, both with a prior history of suicide attempts, re-attempted during the course of the protocol. Both were maintained in the study and improved over the subsequent portion of the treatment. A high retention rate, strong therapeutic alliance ratings, and low perceived treatment obstacles provide support for the feasibility and acceptability of this intervention. Preliminary results suggest that integrated outpatient cognitive behavioral treatment for alcohol abusing suicidal adolescents is feasible, acceptable, and associated with symptomatic improvement.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Occult participation: its impact on adolescent development.

This study investigated the relationship between occult participation, substance abuse, and level of self-esteem in adolescents. Data were collected from 50 adolescents who ranged in age from 12 to 19 years and who spoke English as their primary language. The combined group of adolescents consisted of 25 clinical and 25 nonclinical youth. Participants completed a three-part questionnaire package which included Rosenberg's Self-Esteem Scale, the Adolescent Magic Questionnaire, and the Drug and Alcohol Assessment Scale. Results indicated that adolescent substance abuse and occult participation were significantly related. High and low occult participation groups were determined, and significant differences were found between the high versus low occult groups when compared on the primary variables of self-esteem and substance abuse. Significant differences were also noted when comparing the high versus low occult groups with various psychosocial developmental variables. Included is a discussion of the impact of occult participation on the psychosocial elements of adolescent self-esteem, self-concept, tolerance for deviance, and religious involvement.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Detours in adolescent development. Implications for technique.

Dora's six-year analysis began when she was sixteen. In presenting this material, I shall focus on coordinating the technical demands of working analytically during a period of intense developmental change. This affords us an opportunity to examine the adolescent's use of analytic interventions both for work with neurotic conflicts and to facilitate development. A central issue in my work with Dora has been to examine her potential for navigating the tumultuous currents of adolescence while maintaining sufficient neutrality and abstinence so that later in the treatment, as the patient approached young adulthood, the analysis could be conducted in a manner consistent with our usual work with adults.

Child↗
PubMed1986

Delinquency cessation and adolescent development: preliminary data.

Recent research on juvenile criminal careers has documented a consistent drop in the prevalence of delinquent activity during late adolescence, but there are only a few limited investigations of the processes underlying this occurrence. The present report of retrospective interviews with a sample of recently "reformed" 15-20-year-old white males suggests directions for larger-scale and more rigorous research.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Early-onset schizophrenia is associated with impaired adolescent development of attentional capacity using the identical pairs continuous performance test.

The authors examined performance on the Continuous Performance Test-Identical Pairs "numbers" task in adolescents with schizophrenia (n=59) and healthy controls (n=55). Adjusting for an estimate of premorbid intelligence and socioeconomic status, patients performed worse than normal controls on all three d' conditions (2-digit, 3-digit, 4-digit). However, there was a significant group-by-age-by-condition interaction (F[4,100]=4.69, p<.01) indicating an interaction between development and disease state. At the simplest level of the task (2-digit) the difference between patients with schizophrenia and controls was evident at all ages; while for the more difficult levels of the task (3-digit, 4-digit), differences between groups gradually increased across the tested age span (10 to 20 years of age). Premorbid social isolation was associated with worse attentional performance in patients, suggesting a relationship and continuity with negative symptoms. These data suggest that attentional differences in adolescents with schizophrenia are better captured by different tasks at different ages. The discrepant findings of attentional impairments reported in the literature for adolescents with schizophrenia could reflect the underlying etiological complexity of the disorder that may have a variable impact on involved brain regions and neurocognitive functioning.

Adolescent↗