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At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources

PubMed2004

Inhibitory effect of some herbal extracts on adherence of Streptococcus mutans.

The objective of this study was to investigate the inhibitory effect of the crude extracts from some herbs on adherence of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) ATCC 25175 and TPF-1 in vitro. Six herbs, Andrographis paniculata; Cassia alata; Chinese black tea (Camellia sinensis); guava (Psidium guajava); Harrisonia perforata and Streblus asper, were extracted with 50 or 95% ethanol and dried. Herbal extracted solution at 0.5% concentration (w/v) was initially tested for bacterial adherence on glass surfaces. In order to identify type and effective concentration of the extracts, the extracts that showed the inhibition on glass surfaces were then tested on saliva-coated hydroxyapatite by the use of radiolabeled bacteria. To study the mechanism of action, the effect of the extracts at such concentration on glucosyltransferase and glucan-binding lectin activities were examined. It was found that all extracts, but Streblus asper, showed significant inhibitory effect on bacterial adherence to glass surfaces. For the saliva-coated hydroxyapatite adherence assay, Andrographis paniculata, Cassia alata, Chinese black tea and Harrisonia perforata could inhibit adherence of S. mutans ATCC 25175. Chinese black tea was the strongest inhibitor followed by Andrographis paniculata, Cassia alata and Harrisonia perforata, respectively. For S. mutans TPF-1, adherence inhibition was observed from Andrographis paniculata and Cassia alata at similar levels. The lowest concentrations of the extracts that inhibited the adherence at least 50% were 0.5% of Andrographis paniculata, 0.5% of Cassia alata, 0.3% of Chinese black tea and 0.5% of Harrisonia perforata for S. mutans ATCC 25175. For S. mutans TPF-1, the effective concentrations were 0.5% of Andrographis paniculata and 0.4% of Cassia alata. All extracts at such concentrations decreased the activity of glucosyltransferase from both strains. Only Andrographis paniculata and Cassia alata eliminated or decreased the activity of glucan-binding lectin from both strains. These findings suggested that Andrographis paniculata, Cassia alata, Chinese black tea and Harrisonia perforata could inhibit adherence of S. mutans ATCC 25175, while Andrographis paniculata and Cassia alata had an effect on S. mutans TPF-1 in vitro at the concentrations employed in this study.

Bacterial Adhesion↗

PubMed1999

Antimalarial activity of extracts of Malaysian medicinal plants.

In vitro and in vivo studies revealed that Malaysian medicinal plants, Piper sarmentosum, Andrographis paniculata and Tinospora crispa produced considerable antimalarial effects. Chloroform extract in vitro did show better effect than the methanol extract. The chloroform extract showed complete parasite growth inhibition as low as 0.05 mg/ml drug dose within 24 h incubation period (Andrographis paniculata) as compared to methanol extract of drug dose of 2.5 mg/ml but under incubation time of 48 h of the same plant spesies. In vivo activity of Andrographis paniculata also demonstrated higher antimalarial effect than other two plant species.

Animals↗

PubMed2005

Screening of plants acting against Heterometrus laoticus scorpion venom activity on fibroblast cell lysis.

The aqueous extracts of 64 plant species, listed as animal- or insect-bite antidotes in old Thai drug recipes were screened for their activity against fibroblast cell lysis after Heterometrus laoticus scorpion venom treatment. The venom was preincubated with plant extract for 30 min and furthered treated to confluent fibroblast cells for 30 min. More than 40% efficiency (test/control) was obtained from cell treatment with venom preincubated with extracts of Andrographis paniculata Nees (Acanthaceae), Barringtonia acutangula (L.) Gaertn. (Lecythidaceae), Calamus sp. (Palmae), Clinacanthus nutans Lindau (Acanthaceae), Euphorbia neriifolia L. (Euphorbiaceae), Ipomoea aquatica Forssk (Convolvulaceae), Mesua ferrea L. (Guttiferae), Passiflora laurifolia L. (Passifloraceae), Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng. (Labiatae), Ricinus communis L. (Euphorbiaceae), Rumex sp. (Polygonaceae) and Sapindus rarak DC. (Sapindaceae), indicating that they had a tendency to be scorpion venom antidotes. However, only Andrographis paniculata and Barringtonia acutangula extracts provided around 50% viable cells from extract treatments without venom preincubation. These two plant extracts are expected to be scorpion venom antidotes with low cytotoxicity.

Animals↗

PubMed2006

The effect of medicinal plants used in Chinese folk medicine on RANTES secretion by virus-infected human epithelial cells.

The accumulation of inflammatory cells in the infective sites has been reported to play a crucial role in the progression of chronic inflammation and multiple sclerosis after viral infection. In the present study, nine ethanol extracts of Forsythia suspensa Vahl. (Oleaceae), Lonicera japonica Thunb. (Caprifoliaceae), Isatis indigotica Fort. (Cruciferae), Strobilanthes cusia (Ness.) O. Kuntze (Acanthaceae), Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge. (Leguminosae), Hedysarum polybotrys Hand.-Mazz. (Leguminosae), Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Ness. (Acanthaceae), Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fischer. (Leguminosae) and Ligusticum wallichii Franch. (Umbelliferae), medicinal plants traditionally used in China for treating conditions likely to be associated with inflammation and viral infection, were screened for their effect on RANTES secretion by influenza A virus (H1N1)-infected human bronchial epithelial cells (A549). With exception of Lonicera japonica, Isatis indigotica, Astragalus membranaceus and Hedysarum polybotrys, all plants tested at concentration of 200 microg/ml possessed more than 50% suppressing effect on RANTES secretion by H1N1-infected A549 bronchial epithelial cells. Among the plants tested, Andrographis paniculata showed the most promising property to inhibit RANTES secretion with an IC(50) of 1.2 +/- 0.4 microg/ml while the next two were Glycyrrhiza uralensis and Forsythia suspensa (IC(50) ranging from 35 to 48 microg/ml).

Cell Survival↗

PubMed2001

Heavy metal and nutrient concentration in soil and plants growing on a metalliferous chromite minespoil.

Metal contamination in soil and plant samples from a chromite mine and its adjoining regions was determined. The metal concentration varied in stem, leaf and root of different tree species. In the case of shrubs, the highest concentration of iron (18.5 mg kg(-1) was detected in the stem of Combretum roxburghii. The concentration of aluminium varied from 1.8 - 5.3 mg kg(-1) dry weight, whereas the nickel content was found to be the highest in the stem of Calotropis gigantea. In the case of herbs, chromium concentration was highest (60.9 mg kg(-1) dry weight) in Evovulus alsenoides and the lowest (18.8 mg kg(-1) dry weight) in Andrographis paniculata. There was a significant correlation observed between chromium in soil with the root of tree species like Lagerstroemia parviflora, Madhuca longifolia, Anogeissus latifolia and Haldina cordyfolia. Nickel in soil was significantly correlated with the stem and leaf of all the tree species except Chlroxylon sweitenta. Iron in soil showed correlation with the stem and leaf of Chloroxylon sweitenia. Among the shrubs (Calotropis gigantea, Combretum roxburghii and Smilax zeylancia), chromium in soil showed a correlation with the root. Nickel in soil was positively correlated with the stem and leaf of Calotropis gigantea and Combretum roxburghii. Among the herbs, chromium in the whole plant of Evolvulus alsenoids, Solanum surattense and Phyllanthus fraternus showed significant positive correlation with soil; nickel in Solanum surattense showed significant positive correlation with soil. The positive correlation coefficient was observed between iron in the whole plant and soil on Phyllanthus virgatus, Phyllanthus fraternus and Andrographis paniculata. The above information would be useful for the establishment of a vegetation cover on the minewaste heaps.

Chromium↗

PubMed2006

Inhibitory effect of Thai plant extracts on P-glycoprotein mediated efflux.

Curcuminoids from Curcuma longa L. and extracts of Psidium guajava L., Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Nees, Phyllanthus emblica L. and Solanum trilobatum L. were investigated for their inhibitory effect on P-glycoprotein (P-gp) on the efflux transport of rhodamine 123 (Rho-123 ) in Caco-2 cells and rat ileum. Of the five tested samples, curcuminoids and an extract of P. guajava showed the highest inhibitory effect on P-gp mediated efflux of Rho-123 in Caco-2 cells. Additionally, they were found to have equal potential in inhibiting Rho-123 efflux transport from serosal to mucosal surfaces of the rat ileum.

ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Mem↗

PubMed2004

Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of andrographolide analogues as novel cytotoxic agents.

Andrographolide 1, the cytotoxic agent of the plant Andrographis paniculata was subjected to semi-synthetic studies leading to the preparation of a number of potent and novel analogues. Of the analogues synthesized, while 8,17-epoxy andrographolide 6 retained the cytotoxic activity of 1, ester derivatives of 6 exhibited considerable improvement in activity. Lower activity was observed when the epoxy moiety in the triacetate 9, derived from 6 was modified. Synthesis and structure-activity relationships are discussed.

Andrographis↗

PubMed2005

The effect of Kan Jang extract on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of warfarin in rats.

Significant pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic interactions between various herbal products and warfarin have recently been reported. The aim of this study was to determine whether concomitant treatment of rats with Kan Jang (a standardized fixed combination of extracts from Andrographis paniculata and Eleutherococcus senticosus) and warfarin would lead to an alteration in the pharmacological effects of warfarin. Each day for 5 days a group of animals was treated orally with an aqueous solution of Kan Jang at a dose of 17 mg/kg of the active principle andrographolide (a daily dose some 17-fold higher than that recommended for humans): the control group received similar treatment with appropriate volumes of water only. Sixty minutes after the final daily administration of Kan Jang or water, an aqueous solution of warfarin (0.2 mg/ml) was given to each animal at a dose of 2 mg/kg. From each group, 6 animals were sacrificed at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, 30 and 48 h after warfarin administration and blood samples taken. The concentration of warfarin in blood plasma was measured by capillary electrophoresis using 50 mM borate buffer (pH 9.3) as mobile phase with simultaneous detection of warfarin at 208.1 and 307.5 nm. Prothrombin time in blood plasma was measured using thromboplastin reagent. The concomitant application of Kan Jang and warfarin did not produce significant effects on the pharmacokinetics of warfarin, and practically no effect on its pharmacodynamics.

Andrographis↗

PubMed2003

Antihyperglycemic effect of andrographolide in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

The antihyperglycemic action of andrographolide, an active principle in the leaves of Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Nees, was investigated in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats (STZ-diabetic rats). Oral treatment of andrographolide decreased the plasma glucose concentrations of STZ-diabetic rats in a dose-dependent manner. Similar treatment with andrographolide also decreased the plasma glucose in normal rats and the maximal effect was more marked than that in STZ-diabetic rats. Andrographolide at the effective dose (1.5 mg/kg) significantly attenuated the increase of plasma glucose induced by an intravenous glucose challenge test in normal rats. In the isolated soleus muscle of STZ-diabetic rats, andrographolide enhanced the uptake of radioactive glucose in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, the mRNA and protein levels of the subtype 4 form of the glucose transporter (GLUT4) in soleus muscle were increased after repeated intravenous administration of andrographolide in STZ-diabetic rats for 3 days. These results suggest that andrographolide can increase the glucose utilization to lower plasma glucose in diabetic rats lacking insulin.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMed2005

Andrographolide inhibits IFN-gamma and IL-2 cytokine production and protects against cell apoptosis.

Andrographolide is the main labdane diterpene present in Andrographis paniculata. Two lines of evidence report immunostimulant and anti-inflammatory properties for andrographolide in different models. Using murine T-cells in vitro we demonstrated that andrographolide and to a lesser extent, 14-deoxyandrographolide (14-DAP), reduced significantly, in a dose-dependent manner, the IFN-gamma production induced by concanavaline A (CON-A), with an IC50 of 1.7 +/- 0.07 microM and 35.8 +/- 0.50 microM, respectively. Andrographolide, but not 14-DAP, inhibited partially the IL-2 production induced by CON-A. Andrographolide at doses of 5 and 10 microM reduced the extracellular-signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK1/2) phosphorylation induced by CON-A, whereas 14-DAP only reduced ERK1 and partially the ERK2 phosphorylation. The inhibition of ERK1/2 phosphorylation was associated to a decrease in the IFN-gamma production, due that UO126, a specific ERK1/2 inhibitor, also reduced the IFN-gamma production in murine T-cells induced by CON-A. Additionally, andrographolide and to a lesser extent 14-DAP, at doses of 50 microM and 100 microM, respectively, reduced the apoptosis induced by hydrocortisone and PMA in thymocytes, which was associated to a decrease in caspase-3 like activity. We conclude that both diterpenic labdanes isolated from A. paniculata can exert potent immunosuppressant effects without affecting the viability of the cells.

Andrographis↗

PubMed2005

14-deoxyandrographolide as a platelet activating factor antagonist in bovine neutrophils.

14-Deoxyandrographolide (14-DAP) is a labdane diterpene isolated from Andrographis paniculata with previously reported calcium channel blocking activity. Its potential platelet activating factor (PAF) antagonistic activity in bovine neutrophils was assessed. 14-DAP, in concentrations between 10-100 microM, reduced the extracellular acidification rate and the intracellular alkalinization in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, 14-DAP reduced PAF-induced calcium flux in the presence of extracellular calcium, and tyrosine phosphorylation of a 44 kDa protein corresponding to the MAPK(ERK1). However, 14-DAP reduced the 3H-PAF binding with a Ki of 7.8 x 10 (- 9)M, and a Hill slope of 0.63, suggesting that there is more than one binding site for 14-DAP. We concluded that 14-DAP is an effective antagonist of PAF-mediated processes in bovine neutrophils, probably by virtue of its calcium channel blocking property.

Andrographis↗

PubMed2002

Effect of andrographolide and Kan Jang--fixed combination of extract SHA-10 and extract SHE-3--on proliferation of human lymphocytes, production of cytokines and immune activation markers in the whole blood cells culture.

The immunomodulatory properties of a diterpene lactone andrographolide and Kan Jang--a standardized fixed combination of Andrographis paniculata extract SHA-10 and Eleutherococcus senticosus extract SHE-3 were investigated. Their role on spontaneous and phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-induced proliferation of human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) and on production of interferon-gamma (INF-gamma) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) were determined in vitro. Proliferation of PBL induced by PHA was enhanced by co stimulation with andrographolide and Kan Jang. At the same time andrographolide and Kan Jang inhibit spontaneous proliferation of PBL in vitro. These preparations also have effect on the formation of INF-gamma, TNF-alpha and some immune activation markers such as neopterin (Neo), beta-2-microglobulin (beta2MG), and soluble receptor for interleukin-2 (sIL-2R or sCD25) in blood cells culture. Andrographolide and Kan Jang stimulate the INF-gamma, Neopterin and beta2MG formation, but do not have any significant effect on the production of INF-gamma and Neopterin in PHA stimulated blood cells. An opposite effect on these immune makers was observed in the PHA-stimulated blood cells: both andrographolide and Kan Jang increase the formation of TNF-alpha and beta2MG in cultivated whole blood cells. Thus, andrographolide and Kan Jang can have an in vitro effect on the activation and proliferation of immunocompetent cells as well on the production of key cytokines and immune activation markers. The results show an overall higher effect of the fixed combination as compared with the equivalent amount of the pure substance andrographolide. The data are consistent with results from clinical studies of Kan Jang and contributed to a better understanding of these results.

Andrographis↗

PubMed2005

Modulation of multidrug resistance by andrographolid in a HCT-8/5-FU multidrug-resistant colorectal cancer cell line.

OBJECTIVE: To develop an HCT-8/5-FU multidrug-resistant colorectal cancer cell line and to elucidate the effect of Andrographolid (AG), an extract from Andrographis paniculate, a medicinal herb on the HCT-8/5-FU multidrug-resistant colorectal cancer cell line. METHODS: An HCT-8 colorectal cancer cell line was used and a high concentration of 5-Fluorouracid (5-FU) was introduced at the beginning to induce drug resistance, then the concentration of 5-FU was increased in gradients. Approximately 7 months later, the cells grew stably in 2.0 microg/mL of 5-FU, and the cell line was named HCT-8/5-FU multidrug-resistant colorectal cancer cell line. The resistant index of HCT-8/5-FU cells to 5-FU, adriamycin (ADM), cisplatin (DDP) was checked by MTT test, and a growth curve was drawn. The morphological changes were observed by both light and electron microscope. The function of P-170 was detected by rhodamine staining. After the application of AG and co-administration of 5-FU, ADM and DDP, the growth curves and inhibition rate as well as apoptosis rate of HCT-8/5-FU at different concentrations of AG were evaluated by MTT and flow cytometry. Rhodamine staining was used to investigate the possible mechanism involved by AG. RESULTS: The resistance index of HCT-8/5-FU to 5-FU was 16.6, and a cross-resistance to ADM and DDP was noticed. Compared with parental cells, HCT-8/5-FU cell's growth rate did not change significantly but the cell's morphology was remarkably changed as compared with parental cells. Overexpression of P-170 by HCT-8/5-FU cell was indicated through rhodamine staining. AG at a low concentration showed weak inhibitory effect on HCT-8/5-FU. However, a remarkable inhibitory and apoptosis rate was shown when AG was co-administered with 5-FU, ADM and DDP, respectively. Interestingly AG alone could not induce apoptosis and change the cell cycles. AG might affect the expression of P-170, which was indicated by rhodamine staining. CONCLUSIONS: The HCT-8/5-FU multidrug-resistant colorectal cancer cell line has been successfully developed and because it has cross-resistance to 5-FU, ADM and DDP, it might serve as an ideal multidrug resistance (MDR) model for colorectal cancer research. The mechanism of HCT-8/5-FU resistance to chemotherapeutic agents might be related to the overexpression of P-170. Low concentrations of AG alone have no significant inhibition on HCT-8/5-FU and fail to induce apoptosis and to change cell cycles. AG might act as a chemosensitizer when co-administered with 5-FU, ADM and DDP, and the mechanism of reversal modulation of multidrug resistance by AG in the HCT-8/5-FU resistant cell line might be related to its downregulation of overexpression of P-170.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed2003

[Effectiveness of using the drug Kan-Yang in children with acute respiratory viral infection (clinico-functional data)].

A randomized trial of the effectiveness of the preparation Kan-Yang (Sweden) consisting of andrographis and eleutherococcus extracts was performed in 53 children with acute respiratory viral infection (ARVI). 40 ARVI children given conventional treatment served control. It is shown that in early acute noncomplicated respiratory disease Kan-Yang tablets relieves considerably the treatment course and promoted cure in good tolerance.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed2000

A phase I trial of andrographolide in HIV positive patients and normal volunteers.

A phase I dose-escalating clinical trial of andrographolide from Andrographis paniculata was conducted in 13 HIV positive patients and five HIV uninfected, healthy volunteers. The objectives were primarily to assess safety and tolerability and secondarily to assess effects on plasma virion HIV-1 RNA levels and CD4(+) lymphocyte levels. No subjects used antiretroviral medications during the trial. Those with liver or renal abnormalities were excluded. The planned regimen was 5 mg/kg bodyweight for 3 weeks, escalating to 10 mg/kg bodyweight for 3 weeks, and to 20 mg/kg bodyweight for a final 3 weeks. The trial was interrupted at 6 weeks due to adverse events including an anaphylactic reaction in one patient. All adverse events had resolved by the end of observation. A significant rise in the mean CD4(+) lymphocyte level of HIV subjects occurred after administration of 10 mg/kg andrographolide (from a baseline of 405 cells/mm(3) to 501 cells/mm(3); p = 0.002). There were no statistically significant changes in mean plasma HIV-1 RNA levels throughout the trial. Andrographolide may inhibit HIV-induced cell cycle dysregulation, leading to a rise in CD4(+) lymphocyte levels in HIV-1 infected individuals.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMed2000

Aspects of the male reproductive toxicity/male antifertility property of andrographolide in albino rats: effect on the testis and the cauda epididymidal spermatozoa.

Previous work has shown that Andrographis paniculata leaf, when fed to male albino rats, causes the arrest of spermatogenesis. The present study was undertaken to investigate whether andrographolide, one of the major constituents of this plant, is responsible for such an effect. The compound was administered to 3-month-old male Wistar albino rats at two dose levels, for 48 days. Fertility tests, analysis of the counts, motility and abnormalities of the cauda epididymidal spermatozoa, and histopathological-evaluation of the testis were carried out. The results showed that sperm counts decreased, the spermatozoa were not motile, and several of them possessed abnormalities. The seminiferous epithelium was-thoroughly disrupted and in the seminiferous tubules, fully differentiated spermatozoa were far too limited; cells in the divisional stages were prevalent; multinucleate giant cells were abundant and Leydig cells appeared intact. It is inferred that andrographolide could affect spermatogenesis by preventing cytokinesis of the dividing spermatogenic cell lines. The multinucleate giant cells are comparable to the symplasts generated by cytochalasin-D and ursolic acid due to action at stages V-VII of the spermatogenic cycle. Sertoli cell damage and spermatotoxic effects are also apparent. Thus, the study points to a male reproductive toxic effect of this compound when used as a therapeutic; the study also confirms the possible prospective use of andrographolide in male contraception.

Animals↗

PubMed1998

Cardiovascular activity of 14-deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide in the anaesthetised rat and isolated right atria.

The cardiovascular activity of 14-deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide (DDA) from Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Nees (Acanthaceae) was elucidated in anaesthetised Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats and isolated rat right atria. In anaesthetised rats, DDA produced significant falls in mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) and heart rate in a dose-dependent manner with the maximum decrease of 37.6 +/- 2.6% and 18.1 +/- 4.8%, respectively. The ED50 value for MAP was 3.43 mmol kg-1. Pharmacological antagonist studies were done using this dose. The hypotensive action of DDA was not mediated through effects on the alpha-adrenoceptor, muscarinic cholinergic and histaminergic receptors, for it was not affected by phentolamine, atropine as well as pyrilamine and cimetidine. However, it seems to work via adrenoceptors, autonomic ganglia receptor and angiotensin-converting enzyme, since the hypotensive effect of DDA was negated or attenuated in the presence of propranolol, hexamethonium and captopril. In the isolated right atria, DDA caused negative chronotropic action and antagonised isoproterenol-induced positive chronotropic actions in a non-competitive and dose-dependent manner. These results further supported the bradycardia-inducing and beta-adrenoceptor antagonistic properties of DDA in vivo.

Anesthesia↗

PubMed1996

Protective effects of API0134 on myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury.

Previous studies have demonstrated that a crude extract from Chinese medicinal herb Andrographis Paniculata Nees (APN) could prevent myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury. A refined extract API0134 was studied further. LAD was ligated for 90 min in 20 dogs and then reperfused for 120 min. The animals were randomly divided into 2 groups, API0134 treated group (n = 10), 45 min after ischemia receiving a slow i.v. bolus of 1 mg/kg and then an infusion of 80 micrograms.kg-1/min for 60 min and control group (n = 10) which was given only 5% glucose in saline. Result showed that the hemodynamics in API0134 treated group showed better effects of preventing the increase of the LVEDP and maintaining relatively normal CO as compared with control group. Ischemic ECGs were significantly milder. Malignant arrhythmia did not appear in API0134 treated group. After reperfusion, the infarct size was smaller (5.06 +/- 2.67% vs 10.45 +/- 3.11%, P < 0.01), the damages found in myocardial ultrastructure were significantly milder. It is concluded that API0134 may protect the myocardium from ischemic reperfusion injury.

Animals↗