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Results for “Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System”

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PubMed2004

Trends in fruit and vegetable consumption among adults in the United States: behavioral risk factor surveillance system, 1994-2000.

OBJECTIVES: We examined trends in fruit and vegetable consumption in the United States. METHODS: A 6-item food frequency questionnaire was used to assess consumption among 434 121 adults in 49 states and the District of Columbia who were sampled in random-digit-dialed telephone surveys administered in 1994, 1996, 1998, and 2000. RESULTS: Although the geometric mean frequency of fruit and vegetable consumption declined slightly, the proportion of respondents consuming fruits and vegetables 5 or more times per day did not change. With the exception of the group aged 18 to 24 years, which experienced a 3-percentage-point increase, little change was seen among sociodemographic subgroups. CONCLUSIONS: Frequency of fruit and vegetable consumption changed little from 1994 to 2000. If increases are to be achieved, additional efforts and new strategies will be needed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Prevalence and associated factors of diabetes mellitus in Puerto Rican adults: behavioral risk factor surveillance system, 1999.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the self-reported weighted prevalence of diabetes mellitus among different population subgroups and determine associated factors in Puerto Rico. METHODS: Data gathered from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Survey (BRFSS) during 1999 was analyzed. RESULTS: The weighted prevalence in Puerto Rico in 1999 was 9.6% (95% CI: 8.5%-10.7%), highest than reported nationally. It was higher among individuals with increasing age, female sex, decreasing annual income, decreasing educational attainment, being non-employed, having a health care coverage, high blood pressure, high blood cholesterol, and increasing body mass index. Health behaviors and co-morbid conditions significantly associated with diabetes among individuals aged less than 65 years were high blood pressure, high blood cholesterol, obesity and low educational attainment. However, the only significant characteristic associated with diabetes in individuals aged 65 years or more was female sex. Analysis of the data gathered in the diabetes module revealed that nearly 35% were using insulin, 57.4% were using insulin once a day, 14.4% self-monitored their blood glucose one to three times per day, 18.3% reported they have heard of the glycosylated hemoglobin test, and of these, 71.8% had their test performed between one and six times within the past year. Nearly 42% reported their feet were checked and 54.1% had a dilated eye examination last year. CONCLUSION: The high prevalence of diabetes in Puerto Rico underscores the need for developing integrated management strategies for improving quality of diabetes care.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Risk factors for asthma in US adults: results from the 2000 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System.

BACKGROUND: Identifying populations at risk for having asthma is an essential step toward appropriately allocating resources and reducing the burden of this disease. To date, the impact of demographic and social factors on asthma prevalence has not been assessed in a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults. METHODS: We conducted weighted analyses using data from a random digit-dialed telephone survey of non-institutionalized persons > or = 18 years of age in 50 states, Puerto Rico, and the District of Columbia to assess risk factors for asthma prevalence. RESULTS: We found that women were more likely than men to report current asthma [odds/ratio (OR): 1.91, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.77-2.06]; adults aged 35-64 and >65 were less likely than adults aged 18-34 to report current asthma (OR: 0.79, 95% CI: 0.73-0.85 and OR: 0.65, 95% CI: 0.58-0.72, respectively); persons from the lower socioeconomic status (SES) were more likely to report current asthma than those in other SES (OR: 1.36, 95% CI: 1.25-1.49); overweight and obese people were more likely to report current asthma than were those of normal weight (OR: 1.10, 95% CI: 1.02-1.20 and OR: 1.65, 95% CI: 1.51-1.80, respectively); and current and former smokers were more likely than never smokers to report current asthma (OR: 1.28, 95% CI: 1.18-1.39 and OR: 1.36, 95% CI: 1.24-1.48, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: While several important sociodemographic risk factors were associated with increased asthma prevalence in U.S. adults, the impact of generally modifiable risk factors such as elevated body mass index and cigarette smoking is of specific concern. These findings further underscore the need to target and diminish these risk factors among U.S. adults.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Wisconsin physicians advising smokers to quit: results from the Current Population Survey, 1998-1999 and Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2000.

INTRODUCTION: Physicians advising their patients to quit smoking has been recognized as an effective component of smoking cessation treatment, yet evidence suggests that physicians are not consistently providing this type of counseling. METHODS: Data from both the Current Population Survey's (CPS) Tobacco Use Supplements administered September 1998, January 1999, and May 1999 and from the 2000 Behavioral Risk Factor Survey System (BRFSS) were analyzed and compared. The weighted proportions and 95% confidence intervals of Wisconsin and US smokers who had seen a physician in the past year and reported receiving advice from them to quit smoking were calculated. Proportions were analyzed for the total population as well as for subgroups of gender, age, race, educational level, and income level. RESULTS: CPS data showed that Wisconsin smokers who had seen a physician in the past year were significantly more likely to receive smoking cessation advice from their physician (64%) compared to US smokers (59%). Though not significant, a similar trend was seen in the BRFSS data. There were no consistent significant differences in rates analyzed by gender, age, race, educational level, or income level. CONCLUSIONS: Data from the CPS and BRFSS show that less than two thirds of Wisconsin smokers are receiving smoking cessation advice from their physicians. Increasing physician counseling of patients who smoke continues to be a priority public health goal for decreasing morbidity and mortality from tobacco-related illnesses.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Trends in fruit and vegetable consumption among adults in 16 US states: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 1990-1996.

OBJECTIVES: This study examined trends in fruit and vegetable consumption among adults in 16 US states. METHODS: Data from telephone surveys were used to stratify respondents by sociodemographic and health-related characteristics. RESULTS: The proportion of adults who consumed fruits and vegetables at least 5 times daily was 19%, 22%, and 23% in 1990, 1994, and 1996, respectively. While the proportion increased among those with active leisure-time physical activities and normal weight, it remained almost the same among inactive people and dropped among the obese. CONCLUSIONS: Progress in fruit and vegetable intake from 1990 to 1994 was encouraging, but it changed little between 1994 and 1996.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Prevalence of adults with no known major risk factors for coronary heart disease--behavioral risk factor surveillance system, 1992.

Although the death rate for coronary heart disease (CHD) in the United States has declined approximately 50% since 1970, CHD remains the leading cause of death for both men and women and, in 1990, accounted for 489,340 deaths. National strategies and programs have targeted individual risk factors for death attributed to CHD. However, an alternative approach may be to measure the prevalence of adults who have no known risk factors for CHD. This report provides state-specific estimates of and characterizes adults who report having no known major risk factors for CHD.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Data uses, benefits, and barriers for the behavioral risk factor surveillance system: a qualitative study of users.

The purpose of this study was to describe data use, benefits, and barriers among BRFSS users. A trained facilitator conducted eight focus groups of eight to 12 state health department employees. NUD*IST qualitative software was used to code responses. Users viewed the BRFSS as an invaluable data set. Data were used most frequently for public education, trend analyses, planning, policy support, and program evaluation. Common barriers to data use included limited availability of regional and subgroup data, lack of data analysis skills, and inadequate staff resources. Users described the BRFSS as a beneficial data source, but some barriers impede its usefulness.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed2001

Reliability and validity of measures from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS).

OBJECTIVES: To assess the reliability and validity of measures on the BRFSS, to assist users in evaluating the quality of BRFSS data, and to identify areas for further research. METHODS: Review and summary of reliability and validity studies of measures on the BRFSS and studies of measures that were the same or similar to those on the BRFSS from other surveys. RESULTS: Measures determined to be of high reliability and high validity were current smoker, blood pressure screening, height, weight, and BMI, and several demographic characteristics. Measures of both moderate reliability and validity included when last mammography was received, clinical breast exam, sedentary lifestyle, intense leisure-time physical activity, and fruit and vegetable consumption. Few measures were of low validity and only one measure was determined to be of low reliability. Several other measures were of high or moderate reliability or validity, but not both. The reliability or validity could not be determined for some measures, primarily due to lack of research. CONCLUSIONS: Most questions on the core BRFSS instrument were at least moderately reliable and valid, and many were highly reliable and valid. Additional research is needed for some measures.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Validity of the US Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System's health related quality of life survey tool in a group of older Canadians.

Investigators at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in the US have developed a brief survey tool to measure health-related quality of life (HRQOL-4). In order to support use of such tools in surveillance, it is important to assess their validity in different groups. Subjects were 926 non-institutionalized men and women (age > or = 65 years) who completed a health exam and questionnaire. Results indicated that physical and mental health and physical activity limitation were each related to self-perceived health. Compared with subjects who reported excellent health, those with poor self-rated health reported a more than 17-fold increase in the number of unhealthy days in the previous 30. While responses to questions addressing psychosocial factors were most consistently associated with the HRQOL item relating to mental health, responses to health and health behaviour questions were more consistently associated with items related to physical health. This study demonstrated that the HRQOL-4 is not only accepted by older adults in a self-administered format, but also stands up to tests of its validity.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1999

Reliability of information on physical activity and other chronic disease risk factors among US women aged 40 years or older.

Data on chronic disease risk behaviors and related variables, including barriers to and attitudes toward physical activity, are lacking for women of some racial/ethnic groups. A test-retest study was conducted from July 1996 through June 1997 among US women (n = 199) aged 40 years or more who were white, black, American Indian/Alaska Native, or Hispanic. The sample was selected and interviews were conducted using a modified version of the methods of the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. For behavioral risk factors such as physical inactivity, smoking, and low fruit and vegetable consumption, group prevalences were generally similar between interviews 1 and 2. However, kappa values for selected physical activity variables ranged from 0.26 to 0.51 and tended to be lower for black women. Discordance was low for variables on cigarette smoking and exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (kappa = 0.64-0.92). Discordance was high (kappa = 0.33) for low consumption of fruits and vegetables. Additional variables for barriers to and access to exercise ranged widely across racial/ethnic groups and in terms of measures of agreement. These methods illustrate an efficient way to sample and assess the reliability of data collected from women of racial/ethnic minority groups.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Health and sociodemographic factors associated with body weight and weight objectives for women: 2000 behavioral risk factor surveillance system.

BACKGROUND: The increasing body mass index (BMI) of women in the United States gives rise to concerns about associated comorbid conditions and decreases in life expectancy. Also of concern are underweight women, especially as the result of an eating disorder or undernutrition. METHODS: Data from a national sample of women aged > or =18 years (n = 98,387) are used to examine the relationship between health and sociodemographic factors (diabetes, physical activity, self-rated health, smoking status, weight loss attempts, age, and education) and body weight (BMI, desired weight). Models are stratified by race. RESULTS: Roughly 70% of the women in each race/ethnic group (72.0% white women, 68.3% black women, 69.4% Hispanic women) wanted to weigh less, and just under one half of the women were actively trying to lose weight. A notable percentage of women who were classified as obese indicated that they were at their ideal weight and desired no weight change. Most women had not received advice from a health professional in the past year regarding their weight, and most were not engaging in the optimally recommended level of physical activity. CONCLUSIONS: Results document the range of satisfaction with current weight among adult women and capture low levels of health practitioner involvement in issues of weight. Perception of weight, combined with BMI, will need to be assessed to determine how best to proceed toward an ideal weight and satisfaction with that weight.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Smoking, gender and rheumatoid arthritis-epidemiological clues to etiology. Results from the behavioral risk factor surveillance system.

OBJECTIVES: This study was undertaken to confirm and extend our earlier observation that gender is a biological effect modifier of smoking-rheumatoid arthritis (RA) relationship in a diverse national survey sample in the United States. METHODS: Smoking history of 644 cases of RA and 1509 geographically matched general population controls were compared using weighted logistic regression. RESULTS: There were 644 respondents with RA (cases) and 1509 geographically matched controls. Cases were significantly younger, less educated, more likely to be single and female than controls. Among cases 57% were smokers while among controls 49% smoked. Among women, after adjusting for age, hysterectomy had an age adjusted odds ratio 1.45, (95% CI 0.99-2.10) and menopause an adjusted odds ratio 1.18 (95% CI 0.99-2.10) were associated with smoking. In univariable analysis ever-smoking was associated with increased risk of RA (odds ratio 1.34, 95% CI 1.0-1.81). Among the strata of smokers, there was an increasing gradient of risk with increasing exposure to smoking (P = 0.041). In separate multivariable models, smoking increased the risk in men (odds ratio 2.29, 95% CI 1.35-3.90) while in women the risk was not elevated (odds ratio 0.98, 95% CI 0.67-1.42). After adjusting for the statistically significant interaction both female gender (odds ratio 2.30, 95% CI 1.39-3.83) and having ever smoked (odds ratio 2.31, 95% CI 1.36-3.94) emerged as significant risk factors for RA. CONCLUSIONS: Gender interacts with smoking in by an unknown mechanism to lead to differential risk of RA.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Smoking and diabetes mellitus. Findings from 1988 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between smoking and self-reported diabetes mellitus. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: The study was comprised of 3006 people greater than or equal to 18 yr of age with diabetes and 52,750 without diabetes. RESULTS: Twenty-six percent (SE 1.8) of the diabetic population were current smokers, 25.9% (SE 1.4) were former smokers, and 48.1% (SE 2) had never smoked. Similar percentages were found among the nondiabetic population. Compared to respondents without diabetes, the prevalence of current smoking was notably higher among respondents with diabetes who were between the ages of 18 and 34 yr (36.1%, SE 4.1), who had not graduated from high school (44.9%, SE 3.7), and who were men of African-American origin (54.8%, SE 5.8). CONCLUSIONS: Despite the excess risks, the overall prevalence of smoking in the diabetic population is comparable to that of the general population. Our finding of a higher prevalence of smoking among young people, people who had not graduated from high school, and African-American men with diabetes suggests that additional educational efforts should be targeted at these groups.

Adult↗