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At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

The future of education in the molecular life sciences.

The changing landscape of education in biochemistry and molecular biology presents many challenges for the future, for students and educators alike. The exponential increase in knowledge, the genomics, proteomics and computing revolutions, and the merging of once separate fields in biology, chemistry, physics and mathematics, mean that we need to rethink how we should be preparing today's science undergraduates for the future. What do we need to change, and how will we implement it?

Biochemistry↗
PubMed2005

Data clustering in life sciences.

Clustering has a wide range of applications in life sciences and over the years has been used in many areas ranging from the analysis of clinical information, phylogeny, genomics, and proteomics. The primary goal of this article is to provide an overview of the various issues involved in clustering large biological datasets, describe the merits and underlying assumptions of some of the commonly used clustering approaches, and provide insights on how to cluster datasets arising in various areas within life sciences. We also provide a brief introduction to CLUTO, a general purpose toolkit for clustering various datasets, with an emphasis on its applications to problems and analysis requirements within life sciences.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1965

The NASA Biosatellite Program.

The United States Biosatellite Program includes critical and sophisticated experiments to study the effects of weightlessness and decreased gravity at the cellular, tissue, organ, and organism levels during orbital periods of 3 to 30 days. The experiments involve a wide variety of plants and animals from single-celled organisms to primates. The effects of weightlessness combined with a known source of radiation will be studied to determine if there are any antagonistic or synergistic genetic or somatic effects on various organisms. Experiments are included to study the effect of removal from the Earth's rotation in relation to biological rhythms of organisms. The experimental test organisms have been exposed to the simulated dynamic forces of launch and flight profiles.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed2006

Sealife: a semantic grid browser for the life sciences applied to the study of infectious diseases.

The objective of Sealife is the conception and realisation of a semantic Grid browser for the life sciences, which will link the existing Web to the currently emerging eScience infrastructure. The SeaLife Browser will allow users to automatically link a host of Web servers and Web/Grid services to the Web content he/she is visiting. This will be accomplished using eScience's growing number of Web/Grid Services and its XML-based standards and ontologies. The browser will identify terms in the pages being browsed through the background knowledge held in ontologies. Through the use of Semantic Hyperlinks, which link identified ontology terms to servers and services, the SeaLife Browser will offer a new dimension of context-based information integration. In this paper, we give an overview over the different components of the browser and their interplay. This SeaLife Browser will be demonstrated within three application scenarios in evidence-based medicine, literature & patent mining, and molecular biology, all relating to the study of infectious diseases. The three applications vertically integrate the molecule/cell, the tissue/organ and the patient/population level by covering the analysis of high-throughput screening data for endocytosis (the molecular entry pathway into the cell), the expression of proteins in the spatial context of tissue and organs, and a high-level library on infectious diseases designed for clinicians and their patients. For more information see http://www.biote.ctu-dresden.de/sealife.

Biological Science Disciplines↗
PubMed2003

Stepping up the pace of discovery: the genomes to life program.

Genome to life (GTL), the U.S Department of Energy Office of Science's systems biology program, focuses on environmental microbiology. Over the next 10 to 20 years, GTL's key goal is to understand the life processes of thousands of microbes and microbial systems in their native environments. This focus demands that we address huge gaps in knowledge, technology, computing, data capture and analysis, and systems-level integration. Distinguishing features include (1) strategies for unprecedented, comprehensive, and high-throughput data collection; (2) advanced computing, mathematics, algorithms, and data-management technologies; (3) a focus on potential microbial capabilities to help solve energy and environmental challenges; and (4) new research and management models that link production-scale systems biology facilities in an accessible environment. This unprecedented opportunity to provide the scientific foundation for solving urgent problems in energy, global climate change, and environmental cleanup demands that we take bold steps to achieve a much faster, more efficient pace of biological discovery.

Biological Science Disciplines↗
PubMed1999

[Relevance of life sciences for traumatologic and orthopedic surgery].

During the last 15 years biology and life science underwent a dramatic development. Daily we hear about new discoveries in this area of research. There is for example the identification of new genes, which are responsible for different phenomena: cancer genes, adipositas genes and suicide genes. Furthermore there are reports of human ears growing on the back of a mice or cloning of complex organisms (i.e. Dolly). This kind of research is mostly summarized under terms like: genetic engineering, life science, genetics, molecular biology, biochemistry, bioanalytics, tissue engineering and reproduction medicine. Because of the indiscriminate use of these terms and the complexity of the single discipline only specialists are able to understand and to assess the relevance of results. Aim of this article is to explain some of these terms and to clarify the principles of some important techniques. By this we want to show the relevance of life science for traumatology which possibly leads to new diagnostic and therapeutic concepts.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Post-genomic science: cross-disciplinary and large-scale collaborative research and its organizational and technological challenges for the scientific research process.

We examine recent developments in cross-disciplinary science and contend that a 'Big Science' approach is increasingly evident in the life sciences-facilitated by a breakdown of the traditional barriers between academic disciplines and the application of technologies across these disciplines. The first fruits of 'Big Biology' are beginning to be seen in, for example, genomics, (bio)-nanotechnology and systems biology. We suggest that this has profound implications for the research process and presents challenges both in technological design, in the provision of infrastructure and training, in the organization of research groups, and in providing suitable research funding mechanisms and reward systems. These challenges need to be addressed if the promise of this approach is to be fully realized. In this paper, we will draw on the work of social scientists to understand how these developments in science and technology relate to organizational culture, organizational change and the context of scientific work. We seek to learn from previous technological developments that seemed to offer similar potential for organizational and social change.

Biological Science Disciplines↗
PubMed2005

The new nutrition science project.

OBJECTIVE: To show that nutrition science, with its application to food and nutrition policy, now needs a new conceptual framework. This will incorporate nutrition in its current definition as principally a biological science, now including nutritional aspects of genomics. It will also create new governing and guiding principles; specify a new definition; and add social and environmental dimensions and domains. METHOD: A narrative review of nutrition science, its successes and achievements, and its dilemmas, paradoxes, shortcomings, dissonances and challenges. Reference is made to 16 associated papers. Equal use is made of continuous text and of boxed texts that extend the review and give salient examples. RESULTS: Recent and current interrelated electronic and genomic discoveries and linked sequential demographic, nutritional and epidemiological shifts, in the context of associated and interlinked global social, cultural, environmental, economic, political and other developments, altogether amount to a world in revolution, requiring all disciplines including that of nutrition science to make comparably radical responses. CONCLUSION: Nutrition in principle and practice should be a biological and also an environmental and social science. This new broad integrated structure brings much recent and current progressive work into the centre of nutrition science, and in some ways is a renewal of the period when nutrition science had its greatest impact. It amounts to a map charting well-known and also new worlds. The new nutrition science is concerned with personal and population health, and also with planetary health--the welfare and future of the whole physical and living world of which humans are a part. In this way the discipline will make a greater contribution to the preservation, maintenance, development and sustenance of life on Earth, appropriate for the twenty-first century.

Biological Science Disciplines↗