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At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Mass fragmentographic determination of vanilmandelic acid, homovanillic acid and isohomovanillic acid in human body fluids.

Vanilmandelic, homovanillic and isohomovanillic acids in body fluids were efficiently isolated by liquid chromatography on an Amberlite XAD-4 column and by organic extraction in a special apparatus. The purified metabolites were converted into their trifluoroacetylhexafluroisopropanol esters and analyzed by mass fragmentography. The working curves of the metabolites were linear from 0.5 to 5 ng injected. The minimum detectable concentrations of all the metabolites were 2 ng/ml for plasma and cerebrospinal fluid, and 120 ng/ml for urine. The metabolite concentrations in plasma, cerebrospinal fluid and urine of normal persons and patients were determined.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Ganglioside content and profile in the ovarian tumor tissues and in the biological body fluids of patients].

Lipid-bound sialic acid (LSA) content and ganglioside composition in resected tumours and body fluids of patients with benign ovarian tumours, borderline ovarian tumours, ovarian cancer and also in unaltered ovaries of patients with uterine cancer were examined. LSA levels in tissues and relation of the main gangliosides GD3/GM3 progressively decreased from unaltered ovaries to ovarian cancer. Distribution of gangliosides GD3 and GM3 in the borderline tumours was not uniform. Absolute content of GD3 increased more than twice in profuse growth from the inner surface and decreased almost three times in the cyst capsule as compared to the intact tumour. Ganglioside GD3 content decreased in malignant ovarian tumours but increased in ascitic fluid of cancer patients as compared to GM3. These results suggest that ganglioside GD3 is shed more intensively in the borderline ovarian tumours.

Ascitic Fluid↗
PubMed1983

A simple method to detect AB antigen in blood grouping of body fluid stains.

A modified mixed agglutination method is described for detecting AB antigen from body fluid stain. Saline extract of body fluid stain was added to A.Se saliva stain which was beforehand sensitized with anti-A. AB antigen reacting with the stain was detected with the usual mixed agglutination method using anti-B and B red cells.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1986

Changes in haemodynamics and body fluid volume due to enalapril in patients with essential hypertension on chronic diuretic therapy.

In 12 patients with essential hypertension who remained hypertensive despite chronic chlorthalidone treatment, the effect of 2 weeks of additional therapy with the converting enzyme inhibitor (CEI) enalapril on blood pressure and body fluid volumes has been evaluated. The objective was to examine the influence of a diuretic-stimulated renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) on haemodynamics and body fluid volume. Mean arterial pressure (MAP -21%), total peripheral resistance index (TPRI -22%) and plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC -39%) were decreased, and plasma renin activity (PRA 660%) was increased. The average heart rate (HR), cardiac index (CI), plasma volume (PV), blood volume (BV), extracellular fluid volume (ECFV) and body weight (BW) remained unchanged. A negative correlation was found between the per cent changes in ECFV and PAC. Thus, body fluid volumes during chronic diuretic treatment are well preserved even when the RAAS with its sodium retaining properties is suppressed by CEI. Possible mechanisms are a volume (not angiotensin II) - dependent stimulation of aldosterone and a fall in blood pressure.

Body Fluids↗
PubMed1981

Determination of amezinium in body fluids.

Possible approaches to the determination in body fluids of 4-amino-6-methoxy-1-phenyl-pyridazinium methyl sulfate (ameziniummetilsulfate, LU 1631, Regulton), in this study briefly called amezinium, are investigated and the methods developed on the basis of results obtained in pilot experiments described. These methods, which are primarily based on radioactive tracer techniques, allow both labelled and unlabelled amezinium to be determined in urine, bile, blood, and plasma in concentrations down to about 2 n/ml. Relative standard deviations of 0.5%-9% and 96-102% accuracy are obtained. Advantages and disadvantages of individual methods for various types of samples are discussed.

Body Fluids↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Body fluids during 120-day anti-orthostatic hypokinesia].

Body fluid variations were examined during 120-day antiorthostatic (-5 degrees) hypokinesia in 21 test subjects, 9 of which comprised a control group (Group 1). The remaining 12 subjects formed three groups (four subjects each) who received drugs to normalize mineral and lipid metabolism (Group 2), or performed specially developed exercises (Group 3), or were on the combined treatment (Group 4). Total body water (TBW), intracellular fluid volume (IFV), extracellular fluid volume (EFV), and EFV composition were measured by nuclear physical methods. Measurements were taken prior to exposure, on head-down tilt days 1, 60 and 120, and on recovery day 15. Body composition and K40 content were investigated before and after head-down tilt. The controls showed body dehydration that began on tilt day 1 at the expense of vascular fluid and continued by day 60 at the expense of interstitial fluid and by day 120 at the expense of IFV. Group 2 subjects exhibited variations that were similar to those of controls. Group 3 subjects were in better shape due to the beneficial effect of exercise which diminished as head-down tilt continued. In the recovery period the above changes regressed.

Blood Volume↗
PubMed1984

Influence of hydration level and body fluids on exercise performance in the heat.

During exercise in the heat, sweat output often exceeds water intake, resulting in hypohydration, which is defined as a body fluid deficit. This fluid deficit is comprised of water loss from both the intracellular and extracellular fluid compartments. Hypohydration during exercise causes a greater heat storage and reduces endurance in comparison with euhydration levels. The greater heat storage is attributed to a decreased sweating rate (evaporative heat loss) as well as a decreased cutaneous blood flow (dry heat loss). These response decrements have been attributed to both plasma hyperosmolality and a plasma hypovolemia. Subject gender, acclimation state, and aerobic fitness do not alter the increased heat storage when hypohydrated. Hyperhydration, or body fluid excess, does not seem to provide a clear advantage during exercise-heat stress, but will delay the development of hypohydration.

Aldosterone↗
PubMed1992

AUR Memorial Award 1992. Quantification of amino acids in human body fluids by 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy. A specific test for the identification of abscess.

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: When polymorphonucleocytes are incubated in proteinaceous fluid, they cause extensive protein degradation, which leads to accumulation of free amino acids. The authors tested whether these free amino acids, particularly valine and leucine, also accumulate in human abscess fluids, but not in other body fluids, and thus could be a specific and distinguishing marker for the presence of an abscess. METHODS: Thirty fluids, obtained by percutaneous drainage from 28 patients, were lyophilized and reconstituted in 2H2O before in vitro 1H magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopy. Concentrations of valine and leucine were determined by comparison of spectra before and after addition of known amounts of valine and leucine. Two chart reviewers, blinded to the spectroscopic results, categorized cases as abscess (n = 14), non-abscess (n = 15), or infection but not abscess (n = 1). RESULTS: The concentration of valine and leucine was significantly higher in the abscess fluids, 2.57 +/- 1.90 mM than in the non-abscess fluids, 0.25 +/- 0.33 mM (P < .001). The one infected fluid which was not an abscess had no amino acids. Using 0.8 mM as the threshold concentration of valine and leucine necessary for the diagnosis of abscess resulted in a sensitivity rate of 86% and a specificity rate of 94%. CONCLUSION: The authors conclude that identification of high concentrations of valine and leucine by 1H MR spectroscopy may be a specific test for the diagnosis of abscess. This technique merits further investigation in vivo.

Abscess↗
PubMed1989

Exposure to and precautions for blood and body fluids among workers in the funeral home franchises of Fort Worth, Texas.

In 1982 the Centers for Disease Control published a set of recommendations and measures to protect persons working in health care settings or performing mortician services from possible exposure to the human immunodeficiency virus. This study of a number of funeral homes in the Fort Worth area was designed to determine the level of exposure of funeral home workers to blood and other body fluids and also to assess existing protective measures and practices in the industry. Workers in 22 funeral home franchises were surveyed with a predesigned questionnaire. Eighty-five responses from 20 of the 22 establishments were received. All 85 respondents admitted exposure of varying degrees to blood and body fluids. Sixty persons (70%) admitted heavy exposure, that is, frequent splashes. Analysis of the responses showed that 81 of 85 (95.3%) persons consistently wore gloves while performing tasks that might expose them to blood or other body fluids. Of the 60 persons who were heavily exposed, 43 wore long-sleeved gowns, 27 wore waterproof aprons, 17 surgical masks, and 15 goggles. The study further revealed that 52.9% (45/85) of the respondents had sustained accidental cuts or puncture wounds on the job. In light of these findings it is important to target educational efforts to persons in this industry to help them minimize their risks of infection with blood and body fluid borne infections.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1991

Thoracic impedance as an index of body fluid balance during cardiac surgery.

Thoracic impedance at 2.5 (TI2.5) and 100 kHz (TI100), central venous pressure (CVP), and body fluid balance were recorded together with rectal temperature and arterial haematocrit in 15 consecutive patients subjected to coronary artery bypass grafting. I.v. fluid and blood were administered in an excess of 3.18 (1.38-9.35) 1 during the operation. TI2.5 decreased from 51.7 (39.2-66.4) to 34.9 (21.1-45.7) ohm (P = 0.001), while TI100 decreased from 41.9 (31.4-55.0) to 30.3 (18.3-40.8) ohm (P = 0.002). CVP, 6 (3-11) mmHg [0.8 (0.4-1.5) kPa], was the same before and after surgery. Temperature decreased during cardiopulmonary bypass from 35.4 (34.1-36.6) to 26.7 (22.9-31.0) degrees C and haematocrit from 39 (34-46)% to a lowest value of 27 (23-32)% (P = 0.0001). A close linear correlation between TI and body fluid balance was observed (TI2.5: r = -0.96, TI100: r = -0.95, P = 0.0001). Corrections of TI for temperature and/or haematocrit improved the correlation between TI and fluid balance to 0.99 (TI2.5) and 0.98 (TI100). The data indicate that changes in thoracic impedance can be used to monitor body fluid balance during cardiac surgery.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Deoxyribonuclease II (DNase II) activity in mouse tissues and body fluids.

The distribution of deoxyribonuclease II (DNase II) in tissues and body fluids was examined in 12-week-old C3H/He mice. Activity was observed in most tissues and body fluids except erythrocytes and serum, but their levels were quite different among tissues. Activity was high in the spleen, salivary gland, and preputial gland, moderate in the liver, kidney, thymus, lung, heart, pancreas, seminal vesicle, coagulating gland and prostate and low in the brain, testis and muscles. Sex difference, males having a significantly higher DNase II activity level than females, was observed in salivary gland, kidney and urine.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Humoral defense of the nematode Ascaris suum: antibacterial, bacteriolytic and agglutinating activities in the body fluid.

Three humoral defense activities (antibacterial, bacteriolytic and agglutinating) were detected in the body fluid of the nematode Ascaris suum. Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis) were more sensitive to the antibacterial activity than the Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli). The antibacterial activity was heat stable and was lost by trypsin digestion. The molecular mass of the factor responsible for antibacterial activity was estimated as 6 kDa. The bacteriolytic activity against dried Micrococcus luteus was also detected. The bacteriolytic factor was 6-9 kDa in molecular mass, heat sensitive and trypsin sensitive. Both E. coli and glutaraldehyde-fixed trypsin-treated human A-type red blood cells were agglutinated in the body fluid. An analytical gel permeation HPLC revealed the agglutinating activity consists of at least two factors. Activities of both agglutinating factors were lost by heat treatment or trypsin digestion. The molecular masses estimated for the two agglutinating factors were 500 kDa and 25 kDa. Under experimental conditions, microbe-injection was not a prerequisite for the appearance of these defense activities.

Agglutination↗
PubMed1990

Evaluation of isolator system and large-volume centrifugation method for culturing body fluids.

The Isolator system was compared with the large-volume centrifugation method for processing and recovering organisms from body fluids other than blood, cerebrospinal fluid, and urine. A total of 155 body fluid samples were processed for the recovery of clinically significant organisms. Of the 55 positive cultures, Isolator detected 94% and the large-volume centrifugation method detected 64%. The time necessary to indicate positivity was not significantly different in the two methods; however, in five cases, the Isolator system yielded clinically significant organisms 24 h sooner than the conventional method. The Isolator system was found to be a more sensitive alternative than the conventional large-volume centrifugation method.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1980

Body fluid and hematologic adjustments during resting heat acclimation in rhesus monkey.

The purpose of this study was to examine body fluid adjustments during prolonged resting heat exposure in primates. Rhesus monkeys were acclimated for 35 days at 35 degrees C and 30% rh. Red cell mass, extracellular fluid volume (ECF), and total body water (TBW) were determined with 51Cr, 35SO4, and 3H2O, respectively, prior to and at intervals during heat exposure. Heat acclimation was characterized by a fluid shift from the interstitial compartment. In relation to TBW, interstitial fluid volume and ECF decreased 10.3 and 8.3%, respectively, while plasma volume (PV) and intracellular fluid were increased an average of 5.8 and 3.8%. TBW increased 4.8% during heat exposure. Hematocrit and hemoglobin decreased significantly on day 3 (7.9 and 6.5%) followed by a return toward control values. PV in relation to TBW remained elevated throughout the exposure. An increased drinking (25.0%) was associated with a decrease in caloric intake (30.7%) during heat acclimation. This study has provided a complete body fluid compartment analysis during resting heat acclimation in the rhesus monkey. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that heat acclimation in primates is characterized by a protein and fluid shift from the interstitial fluid compartment to the cardiovascular system and to the intracellular compartment.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1985

Approach to the analysis of body fluids for the detection of infection.

Sterile body fluids represent an important source for the diagnosis of infectious diseases because they can be sampled by sterile methods that bypass the normal bacterial flora so heavily colonizing the body surface. Thus when these specimens are received, full advantage should be taken to perform complete microscopic and cultural tests for viral, bacterial, mycobacterial, fungal, and parasitic diseases. In many cases the evaluation can be tailored to the types of organisms that are likely to infect particular body cavities. Ideally, the workup could also be based on the history, clinical presentation, and preliminary examination of the patient, but under most circumstances it may be more appropriate for the laboratory to proceed with a more complete workup of these vital specimens than physicians request. Specimens should be transported promptly to the laboratory and should be viewed quickly by Gram's or acridine orange stain and, in selected situations, also by acid-fast stain, direct fluorescence for legionellosis, and direct wet mount for parasites. Results of these studies should be called in without delay to the responsible physician. Cultures should also be inoculated as soon as possible. Nonspecific tests, including the cell count and protein, glucose, lactic acid, and LDH levels, may provide valuable clues to the presence of infection. Direct antigen detection does not replace traditional microscopic and cultural evaluation of these specimens but may have supplemental value.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed1990

Relationship between anesthetic procedure and contact of anesthesia personnel with patient body fluids.

We recorded the frequency with which anesthesia personnel came in contact with patient body fluids in order to provide an empirical basis for the recommendation of relevant precautions. Anesthesia personnel completed a questionnaire when performing a range of standardized procedures. The rate of contact with blood was as follows: catheterization of peripheral vein, 18%; insertion of central venous catheter, 87%; arterial puncture, 38%; lumbar puncture, 23%; catheterization of the extradural space, 34%; tracheal intubation, 4%; tracheal extubation, 9%; suction of oral cavity, pharynx, or trachea, 13%; intramuscular injection of drug, 8%; and establishment or discontinuation of drip for blood transfusion, 43%. By using protective gloves, 98% of contacts with patient blood would have been prevented. Blood contact was more frequent in the emergency ward than in the operating room (P less than 0.05). Health care workers were not able to predict when a specific procedure would imply that contact with patient blood would occur. We recommend that specific precautions be adopted for the various procedures and discuss precautions that could have prevented contact with body fluid.

Anesthesiology↗
PubMed1986

Influence of high-dose methotrexate on the distribution of body fluid volumes in the dog.

We studied the influence of high-dose methotrexate (HDMTX) on body fluid volumes in the dog, using indicator dilution techniques. In six healthy mongrel dogs total body water volume (TBW), extracellular water volume (ECW), body mass, and plasma osmolality were measured before and after infusion of both saline and HDMTX. TBW and ECW were determined simultaneously, using a double-indicator (D2O/ferrocyanide), single injection technique. In vitro experiments confirmed the reliability of ferrocyanide as an indicator for ECW, also in the presence of methotrexate. Results showed an increase in ECW after HDMTX (P = 0.029, paired Student's t-test), while TBW remained constant. Infusion of the same volume of isotonic saline in the control experiments did not result in any demonstrable change in either TBW or ECW. Therefore, infusion of HDMTX appears to cause a water shift from the intracellular to the extracellular compartment. Such a change in body water volumes may have implications for estimates of body composition and for pharmacokinetic studies in cancer patients receiving HDMTX.

Animals↗