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At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

[Influence of nutrition on the bone development of children].

The effect of nutrition on infant bone age was studied. Bone age was examined in children with different degrees of malnutrition using wrist X-Rays and comparing them with Greulich and Pyle Atlas. There were no differences in the socioeconomic level of the different groups. In obese children bone age was advanced, while in under-nourished, it was retarded. The more severe the undernutrition the more delayed the bone age. A positive correlation between the percentage of variation of bone age and chronological age, and percentage of height for age was found. A greater delay in bone age was detected in undernourished children who had been small for date infants.

Age Determination by Skeleton↗
PubMed1997

Collagenase-3 (MMP-13) is expressed by hypertrophic chondrocytes, periosteal cells, and osteoblasts during human fetal bone development.

Collagenase-3 (MMP-13) is a novel matrix metalloproteinase, the expression of which has so far only been documented in human breast carcinomas and osteoarthritic cartilage. In this study we have examined the expression of MMP-13 during human fetal development. Northern blot hybridizations revealed abundant expression of MMP-13 mRNAs in total RNA from fetal cartilage and calvaria at gestational age of 15 weeks. By in situ hybridization MMP-13 transcripts were detected in chondrocytes of hypertrophic cartilage in vertebrae of the spinal column and in the dorsal end of ribs undergoing ossification, as well as in osteoblasts and periosteal cells below the inner periosteal region of ossified ribs. In contrast, no expression of MMP-13 could be detected in osteoclasts. Furthermore, expression of MMP-13 mRNA was detected in osteoblasts and fibroblasts primarily on the inner side of calvarial bone of the skull at 16 weeks of gestation. Expression of MMP-13 mRNA by primary human fetal chondrocytes in culture was enhanced by transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) and inhibited by bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2). No expression of MMP-13 mRNA could be noted in other fetal tissues, including the skin, lungs, neural tissue, muscle, and liver. These results suggest that MMP-13 plays an important role in the extracellular matrix remodeling during fetal bone development both via endochondral and intramembranous ossification.

Blotting, Northern↗
PubMed1996

[Animal nutrition in veterinary medicine--actual case reports. Nutritionally related disturbences in bone development in emus and rheas].

Two cases of disturbed health and growth of the skeleton in emus and rheas caused by faults in feeding and mineral supply are reported. 13 of 37 emus developed (beginning in the 3rd week) more and more signs of perosis. The diet fed in this case was based mainly on pelleted diets for piglets and rabbits and unpelleted supplements. The ingesting behaviour (selective intake and refuse of fines and supplements) resulted in an imbalanced mineral intake. In the second case 3 of 15 young rheas showed unphysiological postures of the necks vertebral column. Disposed by an absolutely insufficient calcium supply (the real ingested diet was based on corn and white bread mainly) fractures of vertebrae were provoked by unprofessional handling. During the healing process (uncalcified) connective tissue near to fractures localization led to the abnormal posture of the neck.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1998

Expression of the thrombin receptor in developing bone and associated tissues.

Thrombin, a serine protease with a central role in thrombosis and hemostasis, is also a specific agonist for a variety of cellular responses in osteoblasts and stimulates bone resorption in organ culture. Cultured osteoblast-like cells express the proteolytically activated thrombin receptor, but the significance of this finding in vivo remains unknown. Immunohistochemistry was used to investigate the normal tissue distribution of the proteolytically activated thrombin receptor in developing rat bones and associated tissues. In hind limbs, the receptor was first observed on embryonic day 16 and became more abundant within the limb as gestation progressed. Thrombin receptor staining was detected on osteoblasts, macrophages, muscle cells, and endothelial cells, but not osteoclasts. Similarly, osteoblasts in developing calvariae stained positively for the thrombin receptor. The pattern of receptor expression by primary osteoblast cultures and freshly isolated macrophages and osteoclasts corresponded to that observed in vivo. The observed pattern of thrombin receptor expression in bone cells supports the hypothesis that cell-mediated thrombin-induced bone resorption is mediated by osteoblasts.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Characterization of a cDNA for chicken osteopontin: expression during bone development, osteoblast differentiation, and tissue distribution.

The chicken bone phosphoprotein (approximately 66-kDa BPP) is a major noncollagenous component of bone and is the major phosphoprotein synthesized by cultured chicken embryo osteoblasts [Gotoh, Y., Gerstenfeld, L. C., & Glimcher, M. J. (1990) Eur. J. Biochem. 87, 49-58]. A cDNA clone for this protein was isolated from an expression library made from embryonic chicken bone mRNA. The complete primary protein sequence of 264 amino acids was deduced from the cDNA sequence inclusive of a 16 amino acid signal peptide sequence and terminated by 4 in-frame stop sequences. A sequence alignment indicated an approximate 35% overall similarity in protein sequence between the avian approximately 66-kDa BPP and the mammalian protein osteopontin, while at the nucleotide level 60% similarity was observed. Features of this sequence which showed the greatest similarity to mammalian osteopontin included a region in which seven of nine consecutive residues are aspartic acid, a recognition sequence for integrin-mediated cell binding (-Arg-Gly-Asp), and four possible recognition sequences for phosphorylation by casein kinase II. Hybridization analysis indicated a message of 1.5 kb found predominantly in bone and kidney. The mRNA was inducible in phorbol ester treated primary cultures of chondrocytes which show no expression under normal growth conditions. A temporal induction was seen during osteoblastic differentiation both in vivo and in vitro, thus suggesting that regulation of the approximately 66-kDa BPP is under transcriptional control during osteoblast development. In summary, both the protein's primary structure and its biological features suggest that it is the avian homologue to mammalian protein osteopontin.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The role of macrophages in osteoclast neogenesis in vivo: quantitative analysis of osteoclasts and macrophages in endochondral bone development in rats treated with hydrocortisone or calcitonin.

Osteoclasts and macrophages in endochondral bone of rats were analyzed after long-term treatment with hydrocortisone (HC) or elcatonin (ECT). The growth plate-metaphysis junction ( GPMJ ) of the HC-treated bones showed increased numbers of osteoclasts, but the incidence of osteoclast profiles with ruffled borders was low and the cells had fewer nuclei. The number of macrophages in the GPMJ of HC-treated bone did not significantly differ from that in the control. In the metaphyseal trabecular (MT) region macrophages were numerous, but osteoclasts were depleted. Compared to controls the ECT-treated osteoclasts in the GPMJ had an increased number of nuclei per cell, and the incidence of osteoclast profiles with ruffled borders was reduced. There was a small increase in the number of osteoclasts and a large increase in the number of macrophages. The osteoclasts in the MT regions of ECT-treated bones were significantly larger compared to controls. The macrophages did not differ in number from the controls. This investigation supports the proposal that the GPMJ is the principal site of osteoclasts neogenesis. Discrepancies in features of osteoclasts in the GPMJ and MT regions of each treatment group were probably due to a difference in peroid when the osteoclasts were exposed to the drugs.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Effects of dietary amino acid levels on bone development in broiler chickens.

Studies with several species suggest that dietary protein may influence bone calcification. Six pens of six male broilers in two consecutive trials were fed from 1 to 21 days either .5 or 1.0% Ca in diets with 80, 90, 100, 110, or 120% of the amino acid (AA) standards suggested by Thomas et al. in 1986 at a constant .46% nonphytate P. The BW and feed conversion rate (FCR) were determined, and bone measurements were taken. Both AA and Ca levels influenced BW with an interaction of the two factors. The Ca level, but not AA level, influenced FCR. The lower Ca level inhibited feed intake. Increasing AA levels reduced bone ash but did not affect tibia breaking strength. There was an interaction of AA and Ca on tibia ash, tibia weight, and tibia length. The higher AA levels supported normal linear growth of the tibia but decreased rate of calcification, especially in the diets with .5% Ca. In diets with marginal Ca levels, higher AA levels may reduce bone calcification.

Amino Acids↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Structural identity of the multinuclear chondro- and osteoclasts in developing bone].

Distributional peculiarities and the ultrastructure of multinuclear elastic cells have been studied in the developed thighbone of rat and rabbit fetuses and new-borns. Multinuclear chondro- and osteoclasts exhibit no noticeable structural specificity with respect to the resorption substrate and are considered to be one and the same type of clastic cells whose main function is to resorb the mineralized tissue.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Purification and molecular cloning of a novel group of BMPs and localization of BMP mRNA in developing bone.

Using a novel purification scheme, we have characterized BMP as a 30kD fraction. After reduction, which destroys biological activity, this fraction was shown to be comprised of individual polypeptides with molecular weights of 30kD, 18kD and 16kD. Molecular cloning of these polypeptides resulted in the identification of 4 previously undescribed genes (BMP-1, BMP-2A, BMP-2B, and BMP-3) each of which is capable of directing de novo cartilage formation in vivo. While BMP-1 appears to be unrelated to other known growth factors, the derived amino acid sequence of BMP-2A, 2B, and 3 indicate that they are new members of the TGFb gene family. BMP-1, 2A and 2B are expressed in rat embryos during morphogenesis and can be localized by in situ hybridization to developing limb buds. BMP-3 localizes to neural ectoderm and later on in development to newly forming periosteum. Comparisons to other members of the TGFb family suggest that these newly identified BMPs are involved in pattern formation during early skeletal development.

Amino Acid Sequence↗