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Results for “Botulinum Antitoxin”

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PubMed1976

An international survey of clostridial sera and vaccines.

The papers present the results of a survey of the usage, assay and specification of veterinary clostridial sera and vaccines in 23 countries. Thirteen of the countries use up to 8 different antisera. All the countries use vaccines, which are prepared from 13 species and types of clostridia. Vaccines containing up to 8 such components are commonly employed. Criteria for the design and interpretation of assays are discussed and evidence for efficacy summarized.

Animals↗
PubMed1974

Evaluation of type A botulinal toxin assays that use antitoxin to crystalline toxin.

The type A botulinal toxin assay by the reverse passive hemagglutination procedure which uses antitoxin to crystalline toxin was examined for specificity. The analysis was based on the fact that crystalline type A toxin is a complex of neurotoxic protein (Aalpha) and a nontoxic protein (Abeta). By using these components, obtained in essentially pure forms, it was shown that the antitoxin to crystalline toxin has a significantly higher titer to Abeta than to Aalpha. When Formalin-treated red blood cells were sensitized with this antitoxin, the antibodies coupled to the cells were, for practical results, only anti-Abeta. When the suspension is reacted with dilutions of type A toxic solutions, the limiting dilutions are determined by Abeta and not by the neurotoxin, which should be the determinant if the assay is to measure toxicity. These observations may be pertinent to the development of serological assays for other botulinal toxin types.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Type B botulism outbreak caused by a commercial food product. West Virginia and Pennsylvania, 1973.

In the week of May 7, 1973, seven persons contracted botulism after eating together. The most common symptoms were vomiting, constipation, dry mouth, dysphagia, and dysphonia. All were treated with trivalent botulinal antitoxin, and none died. Serum specimens obtained from all seven patients were negative for botulinal toxin, but stool specimens from three patients were positive for type B toxin. Electromyographic studies performed on five patients documented the neurophysiologic abnormalities of botulism. Commercially canned peppers in oil were implicated epidemiologically, and type B toxin was identified in leftover peppers. The processor voluntarily recalled the pepper product, and no further cases were reported.

Botulinum Antitoxin↗