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At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources

PubMed2000

Five-year follow-up of valve replacement with the Jyros bileaflet mechanical valve.

Jyros bileaflet rotating valves were implanted as a clinical trial conducted in Japan, and the 5-year results were assessed. Nineteen patients underwent implantation of the valves: 14 in the mitral and 5 in the aortic position. The mean follow-up period was 65.4+/-15.7 months. There was 1 case of late death due to fatal arrhythmia and another case of cerebral thromboembolism (1.0% per patient year). All survivors were in New York Heart Association class I. On the early postoperative cinefluorography, 8 valves (42.1%) showed rotation of the leaflets. However, in the latest assessment 6 valves (33.3%) showed rotation, some valves had stopped rotation, and others had started to rotate during the follow-up period. The Jyros valve functions effectively, similar to other bileaflet valves. However, because the correlation between thromboembolism and the rotation mechanism is not clear, further follow-up of our patients and more implant studies are necessary to elucidate this issue.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

Aspects of swallowing in healthy dentate elderly persons older than 80 years.

BACKGROUND: Although age-related changes resulting in slowing of the swallowing reflex and a decline in the neuromuscular control system have been reported, there have been few reports on swallowing function in dentate elderly persons. The purpose of this study was to clarify the primary influence of aging on swallowing in healthy dentate elderly persons older than 80 years who have more than 20 teeth. METHODS: Dentate elderly persons (12 male, 7 female; mean age: 81.2 years) and dentate young participants (9 male, 5 female; mean age: 26.8 years) as a control group participated voluntarily. Participants reported no clinical symptoms relating to dysphagia, neurologic impairments, or degenerative diseases, and were asked to swallow 10 ml of barium sulfate solution (10% w/v) three times. Functional swallowing was recorded on 35 mm cinefilm at 30 frames per second with a digital subtraction angiography system. Lateral images of cinefluorography of seated participants' mouth, pharynx, and larynx were obtained. Visual image analysis for qualitative and quantitative evaluation was made with a cine projector. RESULTS: No participants exhibited aspiration during three trials. Occurrence and frequencies of piecemeal deglutition, premature loss of liquid, oral and pharyngeal residues, and laryngeal penetration were significantly greater in dentate elderly persons (p <.05) than in the dentate young participants. Oral transit time, pharyngeal delay time, and pharyngeal transit time in dentate elderly persons were prolonged significantly compared with those in dentate young participants (p <.01). CONCLUSION: Physiological swallowing functions deteriorate even in healthy dentate elderly persons. This deterioration may be explained primarily by the influence of aging on swallowing.

Adult↗

PubMed1979

A follow-up investigation of patients who have had parotid duct transplantation surgery to control drooling.

Reports concerning surgical techniques to help combat the problem of drooling not only are new and limited, but few contain postsurgical follow-up information. In this study, the parents of parotid duct transplant patients rated or described particular aspects of their child's drooling or conditions associated with the drooling before and after surgery. Specific presurgical lingual patterns of these patients, as noted from cinefluorography analysis, are also reviewed.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1984

Cardiovascular effects of haemorrhagic shock in spleen intact and in splenectomized dogs.

Cardiac performance was evaluated during haemorrhagic shock in 27 dogs with spleens intact, 24 splenectomized, and 23 splenectomized transfused dogs that were given a volume of packed red blood cells simulating splenic contraction. Contractile changes were evaluated by calculating dP/dt at 20 mmHg developed pressure (dP/dt DP20), and by relating stroke work to left ventricular end-diastolic volume measured by biplane cinefluorography. Although heart rate increased comparably during early shock, cardiac output, stroke volume, maximal dP/dt, dP/dt DP20, and arterial blood pressure decreased more in splenectomized and splenectomized transfused dogs than in those with spleens intact. During shock dP/dt DP20 was more depressed in the splenectomized and splenectomized transfused dogs than in those with spleens intact. In addition, an increase in left ventricular end-diastolic volume was accompanied by an increase in left ventricular stroke work in dogs with spleens intact. In contrast, stroke work remained depressed in both splenectomized groups despite increased left ventricular volume. Progressive acidosis and decreased left ventricular blood flow were similar in all dogs during haemorrhage. The greater reduction in left ventricular performance during haemorrhagic shock in the splenectomized and splenectomized transfused dogs was not related to excess lactate, changes in plasma volume, or red blood cell mass. Decreased left ventricular performance, despite improved ventricular filling, indicates greater cardiac dysfunction during haemorrhagic shock. This study suggests that, in dogs, the spleen maintains left ventricular performance during haemorrhage by mechanisms other than autotransfusion.

Animals↗

PubMed2006

Influence of aging and denture use on liquid swallowing in healthy dentulous and edentulous older people.

OBJECTIVES: To clarify the influence of aging and denture use on swallowing in healthy edentulous people aged 75 and older. DESIGN: A cross-sectional research design was used with participants from Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima University, and Hiroshima City. SETTING: Participants were examined in Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan. PARTICIPANTS: Thirteen edentulous elderly volunteers (7 male, 6 female; aged 75-86, mean age 81.2) and 19 dentulous elderly volunteers (12 male, 7 female; aged 80-87, mean age 81.2) as a control group participated in this study. Participants reported no clinical symptoms relating to dysphagia, neurological impairments, or degenerative diseases. MEASUREMENTS: Participants were asked to swallow a 10-mL barium sulfate solution three times. Edentulous older people were asked to swallow the solution while wearing dentures and with dentures removed. Functional swallowing was recorded on cine-film with a digital subtraction angiography system. Lateral cinefluorography images were obtained from seated subjects. Using a cine-projector, visual images were evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively. RESULTS: No participants exhibited aspiration. The occurrence of laryngeal penetration in the edentulous older people not wearing dentures was the only significant difference (P<.05). CONCLUSION: Only laryngeal penetration differed significantly between edentulous older people not wearing their dentures and dentulous older people.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMed1966

Bradykinin: effect on ureteral peristalsis.

Bradykinin, a known smooth-muscle stimulant, affects ureteral perlstalsis in the dog; the changes were judged by cinefluorography, peristaltic pressures, and ureteral perfusions. No effect on urine flow was detected. Experiments with rats also demonstrated the effect of the drug on the ureter.

Animals↗

PubMed1970

The transport of colonic contents in the irritable colon syndrome.

The mean distance of travel and hourly incidence of propulsive and retropulsive movements of colonic contents have been assessed by means of time-lapse cinefluorography and compared in 98 patients with the irritable colon syndrome and in 90 control subjects.Net propulsion in patients with the irritable colon syndrome was less than in the controls at rest, similar to the controls after feeding, and greater than in the controls after an injection of carbachol. In both clinical groups, food and carbachol increased the incidence of propulsive and retropulsive movements but did not alter the average distance over which they travelled.The figures suggest that at least two-thirds of all net propulsion of colonic contents in the irritable colon syndrome takes place under circumstances not reproduced in the present study.

Barium Sulfate↗

PubMed1971

Movement of segmental constrictions in the human colon.

Changes in the segmental pattern of opaque contents in the transverse colon among patients with diverticulosis were observed by means of time-lapse cinefluorography after ingestion of barium sulphate suspension. In some of them the muscular constrictions separating the opaque masses of bowel contents were seen to relax and later to re-form in a different spatial relationship to fixed points on the bowel wall represented by the necks of diverticula. In other instances ring contractions moved progressively along the bowel wall, temporarily occluding the necks of any diverticula they passed. Bowel contents were seen to be transported ahead of the advancing constrictions at varying rates and in either direction.

Barium Sulfate↗

PubMed1972

Mass peristalsis in the human colon after contact with oxyphenisatin.

Colonic motility studies using time-lapse cinefluorography and intraluminal pressure recording before and after the introduction per rectum of a mixture of barium sulphate and oxyphenisatin solution show the different forms of movement of the colonic contents. Oxyphenisatin was found to be a selective actuator of a form of progressive mass propulsion indistinguishable from spontaneous mass peristalsis. Less than 0.5 mg distributed through the pelvic and distal descending colon was enough to produce a peristaltic response; larger quantities tended to increase the number of resulting movements.A standard dose of 4 mg of the drug was followed by mass peristalsis in 82% of the subjects in whom it came into adequate contact with colonic mucosa. The response usually took place within 20 minutes. The more sensitive the subject, the greater was the number of peristaltic responses and the shorter the interval before the response began. In 73% of the subjects who responded, the mass peristalsis came to a halt between 40 and 25 cm from the anal margin, and many of those in whom it extended farther appeared to have shortened distal colons. The likelihood of the drug giving rise to peristalsis diminished abruptly distal to about 45 cm from the anus; its effectiveness was greatest in the proximal descending colon.

Barium Sulfate↗

PubMed1984

Gated cardiac tomographic visualization of coronary artery calcification.

Coronary artery calcification (CAC) is usually detected by fluoroscopy or on cine films during coronary angiography, but measurement of the calcification is not possible. Gated tomography of the heart provides a full sized image with high contrast spatial resolution of 0.1 mm and low contrast spatial resolution of 0.76 mm. The radiation exposure to the heart is between 1-5% of that experienced with coronary cinefluorography . Measurement of the diameter of calcium deposits is possible and calcium that could be related to arterial stenosis may be identified.

Animals↗

PubMed1982

Dimensional analysis of right and left ventricles during positive-pressure ventilation in dogs.

Our purpose was to determine the effects of controlled ventilation with positive end-expired pressure (PEEP) on ventricular dimensions and to relate changes in shape to changes in stroke volume and left ventricular volumes. Left and right ventricular dimensions were measured using biplane cinefluorography of dogs with radiopaque markers implanted in their hearts, and left ventricular volumes were derived from left ventricular dimensions by assuming that the left ventricle conformed to the shape of a nonprolate ellipsoid. As PEEP increased from 0 to 5, 10, and 15 cmH2O, stroke volume fell 36%, and all three left ventricular end-diastolic dimensions fell, with apex-base falling 5%, anterior-posterior falling 7%, and septal-lateral falling nearly twice as much, 12%. This resulted in a 11.3 cm3 fall in left ventricular end-diastolic volume. The right ventricular end-diastolic dimensions changed in opposite directions with respect to each other as the level and PEEP was raised to 15 cmH2O; one axis fell 3.2 mm, and the midpoint of the right ventricular free wall moved outward by 1.7 mm. Thus the fall in cardiac output (and stroke volume) during PEEP was associated with a fall in left ventricular end-diastolic volume and a change both left and right ventricular configurations. It is not known whether the left ventricular septal-lateral narrowing is the consequence of lateral wall compression by the lungs or encroachment on the left ventricle by the septum.

Animals↗

PubMed1988

Ventricular ejection fractions of linear transformation and ellipsoid models.

Eigenvolumes calculated from a linear transformation model were found previously to be linearly related to balloon volumes in excised hearts. The present study analyzed endocardial marker kinematics in intact, contracting left ventricles by biplane cinefluorography. Ejection fractions of the linear transformation model were compared by linear regression analysis with those of an ellipsoidal model, whose ejection fractions had been documented previously in closed and open-chest dog preparations. Data from 10 dogs indicated a correlation coefficient of 0.98 and a regression equation with close similarity to the line of identity. Ejection fractions calculated from the linear transformation model are concluded to be proportional to actual ejection fractions in intact, beating left ventricles.

Algorithms↗

PubMed1991

Regional deformation of the canine diaphragm.

To follow regional deformation of the diaphragm in dogs, radiopaque markers were implanted under surgical anesthesia into different anatomic regions of the muscle in triangular arrays (approximately 1 cm to a side). After recovery from surgery, changes in area and shape of the triangles were followed with biplane cinefluorography during quiet breathing and during inspiratory efforts against an occluded airway (Mueller maneuvers). From changes in shape of the triangles during contraction, area changes were decomposed into a major direction and magnitude of shortening (Eg1) and a minor length change (Eg2) perpendicular to Eg1, both expressed as a fraction of initial length at end expiration. With the use of these techniques, systematic differences in regional area change were observed in different parts of the diaphragm during inspiratory efforts at different lung volumes. Regional area always decreased during contraction in the crural and midcostal zones of apposition to the rib cage. Area decreased less and often increased during inspiratory efforts in the costal dome near the central tendon and in the costal region near its rib cage insertion. Differences in regional area change were not due to differences in the Eg1 in different parts of the diaphragm but were a consequence of differences in widening of the muscle along Eg2 perpendicular to the direction of Eg1. As lung volume was passively increased above functional residual capacity, regional area decreased in all parts of the diaphragm except in the costal regions near rib cage insertion, where area increased.

Animals↗

PubMed1979

Mitral valve closure in atrial flutter.

12 patients who had atrial flutter without clinical, echocardiographic or angiographic evidence of aortic insufficiency were studied with simultaneous echo- and phonocardiograms. In patients with high-grade atrioventricular (AV) block, the mitral valve opened and closed with each flutter wave. Of seven patients, two had persistent and five had intermittent early mitral valve closure before QRS inscription. In five patients (three with 2:1 AV block) the mitral valve closed on time. In one patient with a mitral valve prosthesis, echocardiography and cinefluorography demonstrated closure during mid-diastole, with reopening in late diastole after a flutter wave. Final valve closure occurred before the onset of the QRS, and each closure was associated with a click. Simultaneous phonocardiographic analysis in these patients demonstrated that the first heart sound intensity was inversely related to the degree of mitral valve preclosure. This relationship was independent of the length of the RR interval. Thus, atrial flutter independent of any other cause of abnormal hemodynamics may produce early mitral valve closure. The echocardiographic finding of premature mitral arrhythmias, may not have the same diagnostic or prognostic significance previously described in patients with sinus rhythm and normal AV conduction.

Adult↗

PubMed2003

Tongue movements in feeding and speech.

The position of the tongue relative to the upper and lower jaws is regulated in part by the position of the hyoid bone, which, with the anterior and posterior suprahyoid muscles, controls the angulation and length of the floor of the mouth on which the tongue body 'rides'. The instantaneous shape of the tongue is controlled by the 'extrinsic muscles' acting in concert with the 'intrinsic' muscles. Recent anatomical research in non-human mammals has shown that the intrinsic muscles can best be regarded as a 'laminated segmental system' with tightly packed layers of the 'transverse', 'longitudinal', and 'vertical' muscle fibers. Each segment receives separate innervation from branches of the hypoglosssal nerve. These new anatomical findings are contributing to the development of functional models of the tongue, many based on increasingly refined finite element modeling techniques. They also begin to explain the observed behavior of the jaw-hyoid-tongue complex, or the hyomandibular 'kinetic chain', in feeding and consecutive speech. Similarly, major efforts, involving many imaging techniques (cinefluorography, ultrasound, electro-palatography, NMRI, and others), have examined the spatial and temporal relationships of the tongue surface in sound production. The feeding literature shows localized tongue-surface change as the process progresses. The speech literature shows extensive change in tongue shape between classes of vowels and consonants. Although there is a fundamental dichotomy between the referential framework and the methodological approach to studies of the orofacial complex in feeding and speech, it is clear that many of the shapes adopted by the tongue in speaking are seen in feeding. It is suggested that the range of shapes used in feeding is the matrix for both behaviors.

Animals↗

PubMed1998

Patient radiation doses during cardiac catheterization procedures.

The objective of the present project was the determination of the dose received by patients during cardiac procedures, such as coronary angiography, percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) and stent implantation. Thermoluminescent dosemeters (TLDs), suitably calibrated, were used for the measurement of the dose received at four anatomical locations on the patient's skin. A dose-area product (DAP) meter was also used. The contribution of cinefluorography to the total DAP was higher than that of fluoroscopy. A DAP to effective dose conversion factor equal to 0.183 mSv Gy-1 cm-2 was estimated with the help of a Rando phantom. Thus, the effective dose received by the patients could be assessed. Mean values of effective dose equal to 5.6 mSv, 6.9 mSv, 9.3 mSv, 9.0 mSv and 13.0 mSv were estimated for coronary angiography, PTCA, coronary angiography and ad hoc PTCA, PTCA followed by stent implantation and coronary angiography and ad hoc PTCA followed by stent implantation, respectively.

Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary↗

PubMed1992

Swallowing dysfunction in the postpolio syndrome: a cinefluorographic study.

Twenty patients with a remote history of poliomyelitis and recent or progressive dysphagia were evaluated with cinefluorography. Radiographic abnormalities were present in the pharynx in varying degrees in all but one of the patients. Findings included atrophy of the prevertebral soft tissues, unilateral or bilateral weakness of the tongue or soft palate, paresis or paralysis of the pharyngeal constrictor muscle, incomplete or absent epiglottic tilt, poor laryngeal elevation, poor laryngeal closure with laryngeal penetration, aspiration (often without a cough), and luminal narrowing at the cricopharyngeal level. Other structural lesions included a Zenker diverticulum in one patient, bilateral pharyngeal pouches in five, and a unilateral pouch in one. Additional structural lesions contributing to dysphagia were found in two other patients, including a focal stricture in the cervical esophagus in one patient and two stenotic rings in the distal esophagus in another. In four patients (one of whom had the Zenker diverticulum), the inferior constrictor muscle contracted forcibly above a prominent cricopharyngeus muscle, perhaps contributing to the formation of the diverticulum. It is important to examine postpolio patients with dysphagia carefully with dynamic imaging to assess the severity of decompensation and to detect other lesions that may be treatable. The information derived can be used to guide management.

Cineradiography↗

PubMed1976

Issues involved in the evaluation of velopharyngeal closure.

The development and use of frontal and base-view fluorography have increased the value of cinefluorography in the evaluation of velopharyngeal closure. This paper discusses problems in the fluorographic examination of the closure mechanism, the need for other measures of velopharyngeal closure, and the validation of closure measures. Reliability data are needed for measurements made from frontal and base-view films and tapes. Measures in addition to those of a fluorographic nature are needed for the identification of persons with questionable velopharyngeal closure and for use in the evaluation of training procedures that may contribute to improved use of the velopharyngeal closure mechanism. A pattern of relationships among fluorographic and nonfluorograph measures of velopharyngeal closure can be studied in the validation of both classes of measures.

Cineradiography↗