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Age, sex and bilateral variability in cortical bone loss and measurements of the second metacarpal.

Bilateral hand-wrist radiographs were obtained from 176 female and 448 male adult participants of the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA). Between-age group analysis revealed no change with age in total width (TW) of the second metacarpal but a significant increase in medullary width (MW) along with decreases in per cent cortical area (PCA) and combined cortical thickness (CCT) in both sexes. The magnitude of change was greater in females compared to males after the fifth decade, suggesting an interaction of the female climacteric with those processes causing bone resorption at the endosteal surface. Those women currently on estrogen exhibited significantly higher PCA and CCT and lower MW for their respective ages compared to non-users. In females, body mass index (weight/height2) was also associated with increased PCA and CCT and decreased MW. In general, the second metacarpal was longer and larger for right hands compared to left, and for males compared to females. Right hand dominance further enhances growth of the right second metacarpal so that bilateral differences for TW, MW, CCT and LEN become statistically significant. Conversely, left hand dominance promotes growth of the left metacarpal so that none of the variables studied showed significant bilateral differences.

Adult↗

Effects of exercise experienced in the life stages on climacteric symptoms for females.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of exercise experienced in the life stages on climacteric symptoms for females after menopause. Four-hundred and eight postmenopausal women completed a questionnaire. The results were as follows: (1) Mean age at menopause +/- standard deviation was 50.1 +/- 0.5 and did not show a significant relationship with the degree of exercise in the life stages. (2) The degree of climacteric symptoms had a significant relationship, or a tendency toward a significant relationship, with the degree of exercise in and after the 40's; and the greater the degree of exercise, the lesser the degree of climacteric symptoms. (3) Kupperman's index was found to be, or tended to be, significantly related to the degree of exercise in and after the 30's. Those who exercised heavily in their 30's showed a significantly lower Kupperman's index. Those who answered that they had exercised "moderately" in their "40's to menopause" and "menopause to 60 years old" tended to have the lowest index. (4) Exercise experience in the life stages was negatively correlated, in particular, to psychosomatic symptoms among the 3 climacteric symptom categories. This negative correlation tended to be higher in those who answered that they had done "less exercise" in and after their 30's. (5) A significant relationship was noted between the degree of exercise in the 30's and "weakness" in Kupperman's index, and between exercise in and after the 40's and "nervousness" and "melancholia". Therefore, it is suggested that exercising "moderately" from the subjective viewpoint in the climacteric period may alleviate psychosomatic symptoms.

Adult↗

The menopause in perspective. From potions to patches.

This article attempts to survey our current understanding of the human female climacteric and the role of hormone replacement in its treatment. As a potential endocrinopathy, the climacteric deserves appropriate diagnostic recognition and selective preventive pharmacotherapy. The impact of sometimes conflicting influences such as nutritional, dietary or lifestyle changes, exercise, smoking, drugs, alcohol and other medications, all need differentiation from true hormonal responses. The climacteric, one syndrome occurring over a period of time, has potentially lethal effects, notably coronary heart disease and complications of osteoporotic fractures. However, therapy itself carries major problems, the cancer question being the most important. The dilemma of risk-benefit planning is reviewed and likely future developments are outlined. The role of the new North American Menopause Society is explained.

Endocrine System Diseases↗

The effects of naloxone infusion and stellate ganglion blockade on hot flushes in the human male.

A 77-yr-old man presented with severe episodes of hypotension, flushing and sweating starting immediately after infarcting his only remaining functioning testis. The attacks were shown to be mediated by the cervical sympathetic chain, the reaction on the face and neck being abolished by a stellate ganglion block. The severity and frequency of sweating was also considerably reduced with naloxone as may be seen in female climacteric flushing. Injection of testosterone significantly reduced the frequency and severity of the attacks, which were unaltered by oestrogen treatment.

Aged↗

[Clinical aspects of a synchronous cancerous lesion of the corpus uteri and the ovaries].

The results of a clinical study of 42 cases of synchronous endometrial and ovarian tumors are discussed. Clinical manifestations of synchronous cancer were found to be similar to those of endometrial carcinoma. Postmenopausal patients showed a favorable course of tumor process, thus suggesting its primary multiple origin, slightly more frequently than reproductive or climacteric females. As far as the findings on the distant end results went, multiple lesions should not be regarded as an indisputably unfavorable factor of prognosis.

Adenocarcinoma↗

The climacteric.

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Animals↗

[Sex behavior and vaginal flora in climacteric and postmenopausal females].

515 menopausal or postmenopausal women visiting the gynecologic clinic of a university hospital and having received no hormonal replacement therapy were screened for frequency of sexual intercourse and clinical symptoms typical for this period in life by a questionnaire. We found that a high percentage of women are still sexually active even with advanced age. It appeared that sex life is more intensive right after the menopause. A decrease of sexual intercourse after an age of 66 years and older seems to be secondary to the lack of a partner. Older women who remained sexually active had significantly more often a pathologic vaginal smear. We conclude that even in older women, when seen for consultation, it remains important to take into account possible sexual activity in regard to the diagnosis and therapy of vulvovaginitis.

Aged↗

[Clinical study on female obesity complicated with climacteric syndrome treated by acupuncture].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the mechanism of acupuncture in treating obesity complicated with climacteric syndrome (OCCS). METHODS: Thirty female OCCS patients were treated by acupuncture, combination of body and auricular acupuncture, according to the treating principle based on syndrome differentiation. The changes in symptoms, signs, obesity index, Kupperman index, vegetative nerve system equilibrium index (Y value), levels of estradiol (E2), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH), leptin (LP), insulin (INS), nitric oxide (NO), nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and insulin activation index (IAI) in patients were observed. RESULTS: The obesity index, Kupperman index, Y value, and levels of LH, FSH, GnRH, LP, and INS increased, while levels of E2, NO, NOS and IAI decreased in OCCS patients. After acupuncture treatment, in the same time of obtaining promising effect in reducing weight, reversing effect was shown in all the above-mentioned parameters (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01) . CONCLUSION: Acupuncture has favorable regulatory effect on Kupperman index, Y value, E2, LH, FSH, GnRH, NO, NOS, LP, INS and IAI in OCCS patients, its effect in improving the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonad axis, vegetative nerve function and vasomotor dysfunction, and adjusting the resistance to leptin and insulin may be the important mechanisms.

Acupuncture Therapy↗