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PubMed1996

Codependency: a concomitant field of interest in research into the phenomenon caring.

The growing popularity of caring is evident throughout the nursing profession. Research into the phenomenon caring, however, necessitates that caring as an ethic be distinguished from pseudo caring actions and experiences. Codependence and codependency are proposed as being of a pseudo-caring nature. Research interest into this field of study needs to be kindled.

Caregivers↗
PubMed1998

Maintaining healthy boundaries in professional relationships: a balancing act.

For most people, the term boundary brings to mind an image of some physical barrier that keeps something in or out, such as a fence or a wall. These examples are physical, but boundaries also can be emotional or interpersonal. Just as physical boundaries keep some things in and others out, so do emotional ones. Emotional or interpersonal boundaries are the necessary space between people that allows a sense of individuality and separateness. This sense of uniqueness is essential for the development of a healthy person and ultimately the development of a professional identity.

Codependency, Psychological↗
PubMed1999

[Relationship between identified patient (IP) with alcoholic problems and familial factors: in reference to family function, co-dependence, family group and self-help group participation].

In 1994, a survey was conducted to 105 wives of alcoholics (identified patient: IP) about levels of their family adaptability, cohesion, co-dependence, family group and self-help group participation. In 1995, a follow-up survey was conducted to the same wives. 87 wives responded to the follow-up questionnaire. 17 responses were excluded due to too many missing responses. Statistical analyses were therefore conducted to the remaining 70 subjects. The following results were found. 1) Balanced as opposed to extreme levels of cohesion were associated with abstinence. 2) Family system changes on cohesion and/or adaptability dimensions were associated with abstinence. 3) Wife's over-involvement with drinking husband somewhat appeared to be related to continuation of drinking. As for participation in family group or self-help groups, there was no significant difference between abstinence and drinking groups.

Alcoholics Anonymous↗
PubMed1999

[Alcoholism from the systemic viewpoint].

In this paper we attempt to view the phenomenon alcohol abuse and dependence within the family or partnership and to describe the important impact of alcoholism on social relation. Understating the role of alcohol in the familial structure may help to draw conclusions for competence and effectiveness of individual or familial psychotherapeutic interventions.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Family stressors as predictors of codependency.

Codependency has been defined as an extreme focus on relationships, caused by a stressful family background (J. L. Fischer, L. Spann, & D. W. Crawford, 1991). In this study the authors assessed the relationship of the Spann-Fischer Codependency Scale (J. L. Fischer et al., 1991) and the Potter-Efron Codependency Assessment (L. A. Potter-Efron & P. S. Potter-Efron, 1989) with self-reported chronic family stress and family background. Students (N = 257) completed 2 existing self-report codependency measures and provided family background information. Results indicated that women had higher codependency scores than men on the Spann-Fischer scale. Students with a history of chronic family stress (with an alcoholic, mentally ill, or physically ill parent) had significantly higher codependency scores on both scales. The findings suggest that other types of family stressors, not solely alcoholism, may be predictors of codependency.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

[Self-poisonings of the addicted persons with corrosive substances].

In this paper we present two cases of suicidal behaviour; case (1)--patient dependent to medicines and case (2)--patient co-dependent, related with alcohol addicted person. Both of them combine suicidal corrosive substances consumption, but differ clinical course, finished by recover of addicted person and death of co-dependent person. In this paper we also present chemical burns of gastrointestinal tract algorithm procedure.

Caustics↗
PubMed2001

Cognitive interdependence and convergent expectations in transactive memory.

A laboratory experiment investigated the processes that underlie the development of transactive memory structures--the organizing schemes that connect knowledge held by individuals to knowledge held by others (D. M. Wegner, T. Guiliano, & P. T. Hertel, 1985). The design was a 2 x 4 factorial that controlled expectations about the partner's knowledge (similar or different from the participant's) and cognitive interdependence, the degree to which participants' outcomes depended on whether they recalled the same or different information as their partner (defined by 4 incentives). Transactive memory was most differentiated when individuals had different expertise and incentives to remember different information and most integrated when individuals had similar expertise and incentives to remember the same information. These findings may help to explain the impact of previous experience and relationships on the development of transactive memory.

Codependency, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Psychophysiological aspects of the problem of narcotic dependency].

An attempt has been made at analyzing mechanisms of formation of addiction to narcotics from the standpoint of a systemic approach to a functional organization of psychic activity. A model is proposed of the pathological functional system as the basis of narcodependence, which combines processes of two adjoining levels--those of psychic activity and of higher nervous activity. It is suggested that pathological hyperactivity of the functional structure maintaining the need for a change in the emotional state might be the basis of addiction to narcotic drugs.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Revisiting the issue of co-dependency in nursing: caring or caretaking?

It is purported in the literature that individuals who demonstrate co-dependent traits (consistently taking responsibility for others to the point of neglecting onself) enter the nursing profession to fulfill pathological needs and that nursing encourages co-dependent behaviour through its focus on "caring." This study was undertaken to determine whether nursing students have higher co-dependency scores than students in other programs. Data were collected through a questionnaire. A continuum-based Co-dependency Index was constructed with a Caring and Caretaking Sub-index to allow for more accurate measurement of co-dependency traits. In contrast to results reported in the literature, one-tailed testing indicated no significant relationship between co-dependency and university program. The results of this study suggest the need for a continuum approach to measuring co-dependency, to ensure that the presence of caring behaviours in measurement tools do not create a bias against nursing, a profession based on caring.

Case-Control Studies↗