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The Titmus Pediatric Color Perception Test was compared to three other standard tests of color vision (Ishihara, Dvorine, Farnsworth D-15) with a population of adults. It is concluded that the results of the Titmus test are consistent with those of the other tests if certain specific scoring methods, described in the text, are used.
Recent research had demonstrated that dark-eyed individuals are more reactive than light-eyed people. The present paper investigated one area of reactivity, ease of emotional arousal. The hypothesis that dark-eyed male subjects (n equals 40) would show greater ease of arousal than light-eyed male subjects (n equals 40) was tested using color and form responses on the Rorschach as dependent measures. The predicted interaction was significant; light-eyed subjects gave relatively more form responses, but dark-eyed subjects gave relatively more color responses. Implications for future research and application were discussed.
An algebraic analysis of the procedures used in "Neuroelectric Concepts: Form-Color Classification," Brain and Cognition, 21, 226-246 (1993) by William J. Hudspeth reveals that the article's results are artifactual, having been produced by the introduction of strong linear dependencies during data transformation. The same pattern of principal results is shown to obtain by applying Hudspeth's procedures both to arbitrarily selected EP input data having no connection to form or color discrimination, and to waveforms composed of sequences of random numbers.
In the natural color system (NCS) the notations are based on psychometric experiments and give a cognitive description of color appearance. It is shown by clinical examples that the NCS is a useful method for evaluating laser treatment results, and that NCS also makes it possible to express the results in numerical values in 2 ways.
Rayleigh matches obtained from red-green color deficients with conventional methods show large individual differences within diagnostic categories. Similar matches obtained from the same observers with a large-field substitution method show much less variability and suggest that the differences observed among simple anomals, extreme anomals, and dichromats with conventional methods are probably not solely due to the visual pigments contained in the cones. A theory that attributes these differences to the relative number of abnormal cones present in the observer's retina is described.
A dual staining method for different human lymphocyte subpopulations with nonoverlapping antigen distribution patterns is described. Cytocentrifuge slide preparations of peripheral blood nonadherant mononuclear cells (NAMNC), bone marrow aspirate or buffy coat smears were fixed in acetone and incubated with a primary mouse monoclonal antibody (MAb) against a lymphocyte antigen (CD8, Ig-light-chain, CD19, CD4) followed by rabbit anti-mouse immunoglobulin (Ig) and the alkaline phosphatase monoclonal anti-alkaline phosphatase (APAAP) complex. After repeating the "bridge" antibody and the APAAP, a red product was developed with fast red TR-naphthol AS-BI phosphate. Following this one-color stain the process was repeated using a different primary mouse MAb against another lymphocyte antigen (CD4, Ig-light chain, CD3, MHCII DR, CD5) and fast blue BB-naphthol AS-MX phosphate at the last step to yield a blue product. Control slides stained by the standard one-color APAAP method with the relevant primary MAb showed that there was no nonspecific labelling and the percent of positive cells in a given test was almost identical. To achieve an intense blue in the second stain for some antigens, e.g., CD4, either the MAb concentration had to be increased or two different MAbs recognizing differing epitopes of the same antigen, e.g., T1 and UCHT2 for CD5, were applied. Any change of red to purple at the site of the first stain after 15 min exposure to the blue-yielding AP substrate is due to residual AP activity of the first stain rather than to crossbinding of immunoreagents.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Administration of ammonia caramel color (AC) to rats may decrease blood lymphocyte counts, specifically in rats fed a diet low in vitamin B6. This effect is associated with 2-acetyl-4(5)-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydroxybutyl)imidazole (THI). To characterize and compare the effects of AC and THI and to study the influence of dietary pyridoxine, two studies in rats were conducted. Weanling rats fed a diet containing 2-3 ppm pyridoxine and exposed to 4% AC or 5.72 ppm THI in drinking water for 4 weeks showed reduced cell numbers in spleen and popliteal lymph nodes, as well as in the blood. Flow cytometric analyses demonstrated a comparable reduction in B and T lymphocytes. In blood, spleen, and popliteal lymph nodes, CD4+ lymphocytes were more reduced than CD8+ cells. The number of bone marrow cells was not affected. Although thymus weight and cell number were not affected either, a decreased cortex over medulla area ratio and an increase in medullary cell density largely due to an increase in CD4+ thymocytes was observed. Decreased numbers of ED2+ macrophages were observed in the thymic cortex and in the spleen red pulp. All effects observed were either less pronounced or absent in a study with rats fed a diet containing 11-12 ppm pyridoxine. The effects of AC and THI on the immune system were similar. Whereas AC exposure was associated with changes in vitamin B6 status, THI did not induce obvious effects on vitamin B6 parameters. It is proposed that the effects of AC and THI on the immune system are not caused by a disturbance of vitamin B6 metabolism, but may in fact result from a disturbance of a specific PLP-dependent process.
Although there have been some suggestions towards the development of a standardized form for a group version of Stroop's color-word interference test yet, to some extent, a group form has not been applied in psychological research. In this study the equivalence of group and individual procedures as well as some standards for psychological tests of the group form were examined. The results show that the interference score does not comply with the requirements of psychological tests and the equivalence of the interference scores of the group and individual procedures could not be determined. For further research experimental analysis of convergent and discriminant validity is suggested.
It was hypothesized that the observed sex differences on three speeded tasks could be accounted for in terms of the greater incidence of head injury in men than in women. In two studies of 64 male and 66 female college students significant sex differences were found on digit-string matching and color-matching tasks. When the data from those 39 subjects with reported histories of head injury were eliminated from the analysis or head-injury reports were statistically controlled, significant sex differences remained. Digit-string matching times were significantly correlated with reported head injury in both studies, suggesting that this test is sensitive to residual effects of head injury.
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