Experience with and attitudes toward computers in medicine of students and clinical faculty members at one school.
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This paper describes an introductory computer course designed for student nurses facing a career in nursing in which computers will play a major part. Questionnaires were given before and after the course. The purpose of the questionnaires were (a) initially to gain information about the students' previous computing experience, motivation and expectations of the course, and (b) to enable an evaluation to be undertaken. The course content, structure and results of the questionnaires are presented; modifications made to the course following the evaluation are mentioned and finally some of the issues which need to be considered when developing a computer course for nurses are raised.
Although most hospitals use computer systems in other areas, many nurses have had limited hands-on experience with computers. The issues to address when a bedside computer system is selected and introduced into a labor and delivery unit are presented.
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With the current expansion and development of educational computing in public and private schools across the country, policy issues for computer integration can be extremely important for educators. In the present article, research on a 3-year computer integration program at a private school for students with learning disabilities is used to illustrate integration issues. Problems and limitations in the computer program, ranging from lack of direction, support, and leadership from the administration to the lack of funds for maintenance or development, are identified and discussed. Policies and implications for the future of educational computing for students with learning disabilities as well as for private schools are examined.
Computer-pointing devices for input into microcomputers have become a commonplace component in direct manipulation interfaces. Use of these peripheral devices by children should result in processing rates comparable to those obtained when children are pointing with their fingers or other means. Recent research suggests that children's processing rates are substantially lower when they are manipulating computer devices. One possibility is that a child's motor system is subjected to a greater load because the child's hands are not visible while the action of pointing with a computer is being carried out. The effect of two conditions (viewing hands, not viewing hands) on 6-, 8-, and 10-yr.-old children's processing rates was investigated. Results showed that there was no difference between the two conditions although low processing rates similar to those previously obtained were recorded.
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Two-year college students receiving three different levels of class-based computer experiences were surveyed using Hudiburg's Computer Technology Hassles Scale. Although their academic work involved widely different types of work with computers, all groups (ns = 23, 32, and 24) appeared to perceive the same interactions with computers as unpleasant. The students selected unpleasant interactions in the same numbers and with the same intensity.
We designed an assignment for first-year medical students that included instruction in writing and in computer use, two important subjects that are usually neglected in the traditional curriculum. As part of a neuroscience course, students wrote an essay using a word processor and submitted it to the instructor via the campus computer network. If requested by the instructor, the students submitted a revision of their essays without a grade penalty. As a result of completing the assignment, students learned the importance of revision and were stimulated to learn more about computers. With only slight modification of medical school courses, faculty can place more emphasis on writing skills and computer literacy.
Because of the necessity for nurses to become computer literate, the continuing education program at the University of Texas at El Paso, College of Nursing and Allied Health offers basic computer workshops. This article describes the workshops, the participants, the approach to minimizing computer anxiety, and the response to the workshops.
Nursing managers are faced with a growing number of computer applications for nursing management, yet they may lack the educational preparation to assist them in using these technologies for problem-solving and decision-making. This article describes a Summer Institute on informatics applications for nursing management taught by an international and multidisciplinary team of faculty members, and offered at the University of Limburg (Maastricht, The Netherlands). A discussion of professional, scientific, and educational issues serves as the foundation for curriculum content and instructional format. Evaluation data from both offerings are reviewed and underscore the professional relevance and didactic quality of the Summer Institute. The Summer Institute is presented as a possible model of continuing education in computer applications for nursing management transferable to Western European and North American countries.
At the University of Iowa, nursing students are introduced to computer technology as one unit in a course designed to explore nursing as a profession. A single group, pretest/posttest design was used to evaluate changes in attitudes associated with the course work. Relationships of attitudes scores and eight background variables were studied. Posttest attitudes scores were significantly higher than pretest scores. The attitudes scores were positively related to skills scores at a statistically significant level of .05, with no significant relationship between attitudes scores and knowledge base scores. Four of the eight background factors were related to the attitudes scores at a statistically significant level of .05.
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This paper will consider some of the reasons why nurses must become computer literate and be both aware of, and able to use, information technology. There are advantages for nurses in professional standing, research opportunities and assistance with management problems. Without nursing involvement the use of computers will be imposed on nurses, and it is possible that such an imposition could limit nursing autonomy, exclude nurses from decision making and increase the nurse's workload without benefit. There is a rapid expansion of information and its electronic storage and processing. Are we as nurses aware of the implications of this? Do we really want to know about it? And are we ready to cope with the changes it could make in the way we practice? These are essential questions for curriculum planners now.