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Results for “Constriction, Pathologic”

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At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources

PubMed1988

HIDA scan in the follow-up of biliary-enteric anastomoses.

In order to assess the patency and function of biliary-enteric anastomoses performed in our Department of Surgery, 21 patients entered the following study, provided an informed consent was obtained. All the patients were affected by benign biliary tract diseases and underwent either Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy (11 cases), or side-to-side choledochoduodenostomy (10 cases). The 21 patients were evaluated with Tc-99m-HIDA scanning at intervals of 20 days-36 months after the surgical procedure (mean 14 months). The images were obtained after intravenous injection of the radioactive medium (5 mCi) and the scans were taken at 1 min (1 frame/s), 3 min (1 frame/10 s), and 56 min (1 frame/2 min). THe data were analyzed by a Digital PDP 11/34 Computer System. This method allowed us to assess each individual patient for the patency of the anastomosis and, by computer analysis, to build up a profile of the timing of the passage of the radioactive medium through the anastomosis, a delayed passage across the anastomosis was always pathological. In conclusion, the 99m-Tc-HIDA scanning used in our study for long-term follow-up of biliary-enteric anastomoses is reliable and allows an assessment of prognosis.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗

PubMed1989

[Application of transendoscopic Nd-YAG laser to stenosis caused by unresectable carcinoma of the alimentary tract].

Clinical and pathological studies were performed on the efficacy of transendoscopic Nd-YAG laser irradiation to stenosis by unresectable carcinoma of the alimentary tract, and the following conclusions were obtained. Nd-YAG laser was irradiated with 30-40W, total energy 3,000-12,000J, to carcinoma of 8 cases of the esophagus, 4 cases of the stomach, 7 cases of recurrence at gastric anastomosis site and 4 cases of the large intestine, and it evaporated and reduced tumor to relieve of stenosis. The patients's quality of life was remarkably improved. Pathological study on biopsied specimens at the site of irradiation revealed no residual viable cancer cell within at least 6mm depth from the surface of carbonization layer. No perforation, no massive bleeding, no pain were recognized both during and after irradiation.

Aged↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Prevention of coronary atherosclerosis. (V). Prevalence of non-stenotic atheromatous rigidity in men accidentally killed in Mexico City].

The presence of rigid coronary arterial segments was detected during a survey for coronary atherosclerosis in men who died of violent causes. These lesions which traditionally are considered of non-clinical significance, in the absence of stenosis are probably responsible of the clinical and electrocardiographical abnormalities as seen in patients with "normal" coronary arteries using coronary angiography, the best current procedure for the detection of isolated coronary atherosclerosis. We propose these lesions are to be considered as functional lesions and consequently that these lesions should be considered by both, the pathologist and the clinician. Our hypothesis is to be tested in the near future when new diagnostic advances with the possibility of detection of coronary pathology in vivo, appear. The prevalence of these abnormalities in different age-groups as well as the topography are presented. The concordance of these lesions with coronary stenosis is also presented.

Accidents↗

PubMed1984

[Method of surgical intervention for compression stenosis of the celiac trunk].

Experience with the surgical treatment of 265 patients with a compressive stenosis of the celiac trunk has been analyzed. Stenosis of the celiac trunk is known to be a cause of ischemic abnormalities of the stomach, duodenum, pancreas. Decompression of the celiac trunk is an effective method of treatment of the ischemic disease of digestion organs resulting in better organic blood circulation and involution of the appearing pathologic processes. In a number of patients there appeared symptoms for associated interventions due to complications of ischemic gastroduodenal ulcers or concomitant diseases. Excellent and good remote results were noted in 79,6%, satisfactory--in 16,7%, unsatisfactory--in 3,7%.

Celiac Artery↗

PubMed1987

Isolated coronary ostial stenosis: observations on the pathology.

A 54 year old woman with isolated stenosis of the left coronary ostium died following cardiac catheterisation and emergency coronary artery bypass surgery. Histological examination showed the ostial narrowing to be a local and discrete plaque of atherosclerosis. Like most reported cases this patient was a young woman whose disease pursued an aggressive course.

Constriction, Pathologic↗

PubMed1979

[Endoscopic sphincterotomy. 362 cases (author's transl)].

In addition to its diagnostic value, endoscopic catheterisation of the papilla may be used for the therapeutic purpose of diathermy incision of the papilla and of the intraduodenal portion of the common bile duct. Endoscopic sphincterotomy of this type has been essentially used in choletithiasis and in particular for residual lithiasis. These indications may be widened to include benign stenosis of the sphincter of Oddi, tumours of the ampulla of Vater or even acute pancreatitis. In a total of 362 cases, sphincterotomy was successful in 347 patients, it being possible to remove the calculi present in 279 of the 309 patients treated with success for lithiasis of the common bile duct. Complications occur in approximately 10% of cases, being fatal in 1.4% of cases. These are essentially related to bleeding. Retrospective comparison of mortality after surgical operation and after endoscopic sphincterotomy is in favour of the latter, provided the technique employed is perfect and the indication clearly defined. Performed without general anaesthesia, endoscopic sphincterotomy is above all indicated in the elderly and/or those with other major pathology who can be successfully treated with reduced risk in 93% of cases, as shown by the 140 personal cases of the authors cured between 6 and 36 months ago.

Acute Disease↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[A case of myelopathy of probable vascular origin with favorable outcome].

The reported case was observed in a 62-year-old female in whom a syndrome of vascular disturbances developed suddenly in the area vascularized by the artery of Adamkiewicz. In the analysis of the pathological mechanism of these changes compression injury, myelitis, pelvic phlebothrombosis were excluded. Thrombosis of the artery of Adamkiewicz due to atheromatosis of the spinal arteries, was diagnosed. The atheromatous process involves the anterior spinal artery in 4% of subjects aged from 60 to 70 years.

Arteriosclerosis↗

PubMed1990

Primary peripheral arterial stenoses and restenoses excised by transluminal atherectomy: a histopathologic study.

Atherectomy is a new therapeutic intervention for the treatment of peripheral arterial disease, and permits the controlled excision and retrieval of portions of stenosing lesions. The gross and light microscopic features of 218 peripheral arterial stenoses resected from 100 patients by atherectomy were studied. One hundred seventy of these lesions were primary stenoses and 48 were restenoses subsequent to prior angioplasty or atherectomy. Microscopically, primary stenoses were composed of atherosclerotic plaque (150 lesions), fibrous intimal thickening (15 lesions) or thrombus alone (5 lesions). Atherosclerotic plaques had a variable morphology and, in one-third of cases, were accompanied by abundant surface thrombus that probably added to the severity of stenosis. Most patients with fibrous intimal thickening or thrombus alone had typical atherosclerotic plaque removed elsewhere from within the same artery. Intimal hyperplasia, with or without underlying residual plaque, was found at 36 sites of restenosis, the remaining 12 consisting of plaque only. Intimal hyperplasia had a distinctive histologic appearance and was due to smooth muscle cell proliferation within a loosely fibrous stroma. Superimposed thrombus may have contributed to arterial narrowing in 25% of hyperplastic and 8% of atherosclerotic restenoses (p = 0.41). Pathologic examination of tissues recovered by peripheral atherectomy is an important adjunct that may provide insight into the efficacy of vascular interventions and the phenomenon of postintervention restenosis.

Adult↗

PubMed1979

Spinal computed tomography: limitations and applications.

A comprehensive review of 188 spinal computed tomography (CT) scans done over a 9-month period was performed to establish both the shortcomings and applications of the technique. The value of intrathecal enhancement was reviewed in an attempt to establish indications for its use. The data base comprised 51 abnormal scans including cases of spinal trauma, dysraphism, intra- and extraspinal neoplasm, and spinal stenosis. Results indicate that: (1) the introduction of intrathecal contrast media greatly extends the morphologic capabilities of spinal CT in practically all cases where altered anatomy of the spinal canal and its contents is suspected; (2) conventional screening procedures such as plain films of the spine and myelography should be obtained prior to spinal CT in most cases because of their value in defining the location and longitudinal extent of the pathologic process; (3) spinal CT examinations tailored to specific areas of interest result in better characterization of traumatic, dysraphic, and stenotic conditions conceivably leading to better surgical management and more accurate prognosis. At present, spinal CT has its greatest diagnostic usefulness in the evaluation of trauma and its sequela.

Constriction, Pathologic↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Pathological and myelographic changes in the major types of lumbar spinal stenosis.

Correlated pathological and myelographic observations suggest that the combined types of lumbar spinal stenosis appear to be the most common. The posterior articular processes play the greatest part in producing narrowing--the inferior facet narrowing the central canal and the superior facet narrowing the nerve root canal.

Arthritis↗

PubMed1984

Dual isotope carotid scintigraphy in patients with amaurosis fugax attacks.

A new dual isotope scintigraphic (DISC) examination of the carotid arteries consisting of simultaneous injections of 111In-labeled platelets and 99mTc-labeled red cells was performed on eight male patients suffering from amaurosis fugax attacks. In concordance with the angiographically proven high percentage of significant extracranial carotid disease in patients with amaurosis fugax, six of the eight patients examined had an increased platelet accumulation in the carotid artery clinically affected. In one patient with normal angiography and one amaurosis fugax attack the platelet scintigraphy even revealed a pathological platelet accumulation in the ipsilateral carotid artery. These findings confirm the hypothesis that most amaurosis fugax attacks are due to arterio-arterial emboli originating from atherosclerotic plaques of the carotid bifurcation.

Aged↗

PubMed1985

Fluid filled oculoplethysmography and carotid artery disease: imperfect but useful.

Fluid filled oculoplethysmography (OPG) is a widely used method of assessing carotid stenosis but it has limitations in the detection of bilateral internal carotid artery lesions and of external carotid artery stenoses. In this study, 157 consecutive patients having carotid angiography and fluid filled OPG were assessed to determine the accuracy of the technique and define the sources of error. Haemodynamically significant stenosis (HDS) was defined as at least 50% stenosis of the internal carotid artery (ICA). Only the most severely stenosed side of the 35 bilateral HDS lesions was detected owing to the poor reliability of ear pulse delays. Eye/eye delays alone detected the most severely stenosed side in 82 of 98 patients with an HDS stenosis of one or both ICAs for a sensitivity of 84% a specificity of 71% (41/59) and accuracy of 79% (81/157). The measurement of ear/ear pulse delays for external carotid artery (ECA) stenosis had a sensitivity of only 15% (5/34). Ear/eye pulse delays detected none of the 35 patients with bilateral HDS ICA stenosis. Bilateral equal HDS ICA stenoses were a significant source of error. Stenotic disease was present in the aortic arch and branches (five patients) or the carotid siphon (eight patients) and in seven cases it resulted in an incorrect localization on OPG. There was no diagnostic relationship between the severity of delay and the presence of total occlusion. Chronic local eye pathology was present in 13 patients and did not affect the results of the OPG. We have ceased to use ear pulse measurements for routine assessment but continue to use the eye/eye delays in conjunction with a carotid doppler imaging system.

Adult↗

PubMed1987

Vertebrobasilar insufficiency. Part 1: Microsurgical treatment of extracranial vertebrobasilar disease.

Extracranial vertebrobasilar artery thrombo-occlusive disease may cause repetitive transient ischemic episodes and, less frequently, brain-stem or cerebellar infarction. This report describes 40 patients who experienced repetitive vertebrobasilar ischemic symptoms despite maximal medical therapy. The natural history, pathogenesis, and treatment options for each causative lesion are reviewed. The operative approaches to symptomatic disease of the proximal vertebral arteries, arterial compression by cervical osteophytes, traumatic lesions of the vertebral arteries, and thrombo-occlusive pathology of the distal extracranial vertebral arteries are outlined. Specific anesthetic and surgical techniques that have proved successful while achieving zero operative mortality and low perioperative morbidity rates are reported.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1985

[Ultrasonic, arteriographic and anatomopathological correlation in 59 cases of carotid atherosclerosis].

This study was carried out on 49 patients who underwent an ultrasound study by continuous Doppler and echotomography B real-time, an angiography of supra-aortic arteries, and a carotid endarterectomy. Thirteen had had transient ischemic attacks and 20 a stroke. A quantification of the carotid stenosis in 4 stages was established for each method. For detection of lesion an excellent correlation was observed between the results of echotomography and pathology. For the quantification of lesion the correlation between echotomography and pathology was excellent also in 79,7 p. 100 of the cases, discordant in 20,3 p. 100. It was similar to the correlation between arteriography and pathology (excellent in 83 p. 100 of the cases). The correlation with pathology enabled to distinguish for stages of atherosclerotic lesions, to clarify their type of complications, and to evaluate their functional significance, particularly those with a high risk of embolism.

Adult↗

PubMed1979

[Pathologic diagnosis of certain congenital heart defects].

Morphometrical examinations of 265 normally formed hearts collected at autopsies of infants under 2 years of age were used as a control of the heart weight and size of the pulmonary trunk and aorta. The time of anatomical closing of the arterial duct and oval window were established. Comparisons of the results of morphometry of normal and 173 malformed hearts with the tabulated data were used to develop objective criteria for pathological diagnosis of congenital heart diseases: open arterial duct and centrally located defect of the interatrial septum in infants dying within the first two months of life. The criteria for the detection of marginal forms of stenosis of the pulmonary trunk ostium and isolated coarctation of the aortal isthmus were established.

Age Factors↗

PubMed1990

["Entrapped" popliteal artery: pathology and pathogenesis. Report of 7 cases with review of the literature].

In this study, the author reports on the pathological aspect in seven cases of "entrapped" popliteal artery. Alterations observed were similar to arteriosclerotic changes. The pathologic aspect is not specific. The physiopathogenic mechanism of this arteriopathy is similar to that of the chronic vascular compression syndrome due to pre-existing anatomic abnormalities, such as the thoraco-brachial outlet syndrome of the subclavian artery. Chronic compression of the popliteal artery is considered as a localized microtrauma of the arterial wall.

Adult↗

PubMed1979

[Possibilities of complex radioendoscopic examination of the pancreatoduodenal zone after choledochoduodenostomy].

A complex examination of 76 patients subjected to choledochoduodenostomy has shown that unsatisfactory results of the operation were due to various pathological alterations of anatomical structures and the created anastomosis. The state of distal parts of the cholangiopancreatic system should be necessarily studied by means of endoscopic pancreaticocholangiography when investigating the reasons of unsatisfactory results of choledochoduodenostomy.

Adult↗

PubMed1978

[Bileduct reoperations (author's transl)].

After cholecystectomy reoperations are required in 7%. A reoperation in indicated by pathologic alterations overlooked at the first operation, not working biliodigestive anastomoses and injuries to the common bile duct. 138 reoperations of the bile duct wer performed within 4 years which were aimed at reconstructing the normal bile duct anatomy. Mortality rate 8,7%.

Ampulla of Vater↗