SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Cyclopentolate”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources

PubMed1997

The maintenance of per-operative mydriasis in phacoemulsification with topical diclofenac sodium.

PURPOSE: To determine whether the use of topical diclofenac sodium (diclofenac) pre-operatively improves the maintenance of per-operative mydriasis, in conjunction with irrigating solutions containing adrenaline. METHODS: Sixty-four consecutive patients undergoing phacoemulsification were randomised to receive either diclofenac or no diclofenac in conjunction with cyclopentolate 1% and phenylephrine 10% pre-operatively. They subsequently underwent routine phacoemulsification by one consultant surgeon. Irrigating solutions of balanced salt solution contained adrenaline 1:10(6). Pupil diameters were measured pre-sclerostomy, post-phacoemulsification, post-irrigation/aspiration and on day 1 post-operatively. These were then compared by Student's t-test. RESULTS: The two groups were statistically similar in age and sex. The mean pre-sclerostomy pupillary diameters were 8.1 mm in both groups. The mean post-phacoemulsification diameters were 7.6 mm in those receiving diclofenac and 7.2 mm in those not (p = 0.03). The mean diameters after infusion/aspiration were 7.7 mm in those receiving diclofenac and 7.1 mm in those not (p = 0.008). The mean pupillary diameters on day 1 were 5.3 mm in those receiving diclofenac and 4.6 mm in those not (p = 0.003). CONCLUSION: Diclofenac improves the maintenance of per-operative mydriasis, in the presence of irrigating solutions containing adrenaline.

Aged↗

PubMed1999

Recurrent symptoms following traumatic corneal abrasion: prevalence, severity, and the effect of a simple regimen of prophylaxis.

PURPOSE: (i) To describe the course of ocular symptoms and recurrent corneal erosion (RCE) following traumatic corneal abrasion (TCA). (ii) To assess the efficacy of a regimen of nightly eye ointment in preventing symptoms and RCE. METHODS: Patients presenting with TCA were treated with g. cyclopentolate 1% stat. and oc. chloramphenicol q.d.s. for 5 days. Eye pads were not used. For injuries caused by a fingernail, patients were randomised to receive either this 'standard regimen' alone, or to follow with a lubricating ointment (Lacrilube) nocte for 2 months. Follow-up was by telephone, using a symptom-based questionnaire. Recurrent symptoms were graded as: (i) none or minimal, (ii) mild, (iii) moderate (difficulty with some activities, or sought further opinion) and (iv) disabling (confirmed macroform RCE). After 2 years, case-notes were reviewed. The study is continuing, with further telephone follow-up taking place. RESULTS: Three-month follow-up was completed for 42 'fingernail' injuries and 32 'non-fingernail' TCAs. When treated with our standard regimen, 'mild' symptoms were reported in 10% of 'fingernail' and 10% of 'non-fingernail' injuries. Symptoms were 'moderate' in 0 and 12% respectively. Chisquared test confirmed a significantly higher prevalence of recurrent symptoms in the 'additional nightly ointment' group of 'fingernail' injuries (p = 0.016). Two macroform RCEs were confirmed by 2 years: one from each treatment group of 'fingernail' injury. CONCLUSIONS: When TCA is managed as above, there is a high prevalence of recurrent symptoms in the following 3 months. Additional nightly ointment appears to worsen prognosis. Macroform RCE is not common in the 2 years following TCA.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗

PubMed2001

[Experiences with cycloplegic drops in German-speaking centers of pediatric ophthalmology and stabology--results of a 1999 survey].

BACKGROUND: Because of its advantages, topical cyclopentolate is often preferred over the gold standard, atropine. The purpose of the study was to obtain an overview over current cycloplegia protocols and to estimate the likelihood of severe complications due to the use of cycloplegics. METHODS: A questionnaire was sent to 107 German-speaking centres with a supposed high cycloplegia frequency. RESULTS: 57 centres answered, whereby 1,112 cumulated years of experience with cycloplegia were available for analysis. The frequency of cycloplegias varied between 2 and 180/week/centre, median 25/week/centre. A cumulated amount of 1.7 million cycloplegias was computed. The average extrapolated experience with cycloplegia was 49,000 cycloplegias/30 years. Severe complications which would cause a medical follow up of several hours or which led to a follow up in a ward were named 47 times and 2 times, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: During 30 years of a cycloplegia career with an average of 34 cycloplegias/week, one may expect 2-10 severe complications. In current practice, the patient risk of severe complications is very small. Health care professionals and parents should be informed about the frequent occurrence of light side effects in order to reach a good compliance with cycloplegia.

Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems↗

PubMed1995

Microbore liquid chromatography of tertiary amine anticholinergic pharmaceuticals with tris(2,2'-bipyridine)ruthenium(III) chemiluminescence detection.

The post-column chemiluminescent reaction of six anticholinergic alkaloid compounds with tris(2,2'-bipyridine)ruthenium(III) (Ru(bpy)3(3+)) is applied to microbore high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). At flow rates less than 200 microL/min, the capillary mixing cell in which Ru(bpy)3(3+) and the analyte are mixed directly allows for good light detection. In contrast, a diminished signal occurs at these low flow rates with conventional post-column mixing in a tee. Optimal chemiluminescent pH conditions for atropine, scopolamine, dicyclomine, cyclopentolate, cyclobenzaprine, and procyclidine are determined at moderately basic conditions (pH 7 to 9). 2-Butanone is found to be compatible with the chemiluminescent reaction, whereas tetrahydrofuran and propionitrile cause an increase in background noise and a chemiluminescent signal loss. As 2-butanone is more nonpolar than acetonitrile, it assists in the elution of these hydrophobic anticholinergic compounds. Five anticholinergic compounds are resolved successfully with a PRP-1 polymeric column and a slightly basic mobile phase, but a C8 silica column is better suited for the more hydrophobic compounds (cyclobenzaprine, procyclidine, and dicyclomine).

2,2'-Dipyridyl↗

PubMed1994

Asthenopia and the dark focus of accommodation.

To study asthenopia, we compared the dark focus of accommodation of 54 symptomatic and 56 asymptomatic control subjects. The two groups were matched for age and cycloplegic refractive error. Symptomatic subjects were defined as those who complained of asthenopia daily even though their refractive error had been corrected. Subjects with other eye diseases that could produce asthenopia such as strabismus or aniseikonia were excluded. Using a Nidek Autorefractometer AR1600, we first measured non-cycloplegic refractive error (Non-Cyclo R) in a bright room, then the dark refractive state (Dark R) in complete darkness using the instrument with the optical target light extinguished and, finally, determined the cycloplegic refractive error (Cyclo R) after instilling cyclopentolate hydrochloride. The difference between Dark R and Cyclo R was defined as DFcus (Cyclo R) and that between Dark R and Non-Cyclo R as DFcus (Non-Cyclo R). We found both DFcus (Cyclo R) and DFcus (Non-Cyclo R) to be smaller in the symptomatic than in the asymptomatic subjects, indicating that asthenopia is associated with a low rather than a high level of tonic accommodation.

Accommodation, Ocular↗

PubMed1997

Sterility of ophthalmic drugs dispensed from spray bottles.

BACKGROUND: Spray application of cycloplegics and mydriatics is efficacious and frequently easier to use than a standard dropper bottle in the pediatric population. However, no documentation regarding the sterility of drugs dispensed from spray bottles is available. This study was conducted to determine whether contamination of ophthalmic drugs occurs with spray bottle use. METHODS: Fifteen milliliters of 1% cyclopentolate hydrochloride or 0.5% tetracaine hydrochloride were transferred to each of 15 disinfected spray bottles, stored at room temperature or refrigerated, and sprayed three times weekly for 12 weeks. Cultures were obtained from the spray bottles and drugs before transfer of the drug and from spray bottle contents at 0, 2, 4, and 6 to 12 weeks of storage. RESULTS: No cultures showed significant bacterial growth. The bactericidal action of the preservative and sterility of the drugs were maintained. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the transfer to and use of a spray bottle there appears to be minimal risk of instilling contaminated diagnostic drugs using the spray method when a single drug is stored in a spray bottle.

Anesthetics, Local↗

PubMed1988

The effect of mydriasis on the pupillary centration of the human eye.

The change in pupil centration occurring as the human eye pupil dilates, both naturally in darkness and following the use of a mydriatic drug (cyclopentolate HCl, 1%), has been measured photographically. In both cases, changes in centration of up to 0.4 mm have been found. Using available ocular wavefront aberration data, modulation transfer curves have been derived for two eyes for centration changes of 0.2 mm. The importance of these changes in the formation of the retinal image, and hence on visual performance, is discussed.

Adult↗

PubMed1998

Reliability of diagnostic tests for contact allergy to mydriatic eyedrops.

Adverse reactions due to the administration of mydriatic eyedrops are not uncommon. In Spain, the most commonly used are phenylephrine, tropicamide and cyclopentolate hydrochloride. In this study, 37 patients with adverse reactions to the administration of mydriatic eyedrops were investigated from January 1993 to June 1997. The aim was to assess the reliability of the diagnostic methods used, particularly the adequate concentration of allergens and the introduction of conjunctival challenge as a safe and accurate diagnostic tool in those patients who could not be diagnosed by other methods. Phenylephrine was the drug most frequently causing sensitization (93.5%) among the 31 allergic patients. Preservatives were the cause in only 1. Patch testing detected allergy in 68.5% of the subjects. 2 concentrations (1% and 10%) and vehicles (pet. and aq.) were used for phenylephrine. The most reliable was 10% aq. Reading at D4 was more useful than at D2. The sensitivity of the patch test was low (72.4%) and its negative predictive value (NPV) poor (42%). In 24% of patients, allergy to phenylephrine was detected only by conjunctival challenge test. This diagnostic method is safe and helpful and has not previously been used to diagnose adverse reactions due to mydriatic eyedrops.

Aged↗

PubMed1988

Myopia prevention and therapy. The role of pharmaceutical agents. Japanese studies.

In order to normalize the condition of pseudomyopia, the following can be summarized: One percent cyclopentolate was effective in 63%, and 0.4% tropicamide was effective in 59% of the cases. With a value of 68% after labetalol eye drops there were no significant differences in efficacy between this drug and the above cycloplegics. In subjects treated only with placebo, 4 out of 16 eyes, i.e. 25% were relieved. A significant difference (P less than 0.01) was found between the results with the above 3 drugs and placebo. On the other hand, the efficacy of 0.25% timolol (effect in 28%) and chemical X (effect in 37%) were not significantly different from the effect of placebo, though the results with chemical X encourage further trials. It can be postulated that by releasing an abnormal tension cycloplegics reduce the myopic condition. Regarding the hypotensive action of beta-adrenergic blockers on intraocular pressure, it presumably depends mainly on inhibition of secretion in the ciliary body. The fact that labetalol appeared effective, and timolol not, in treatment trials of slight myopia might imply that the mechanism behind an effect of labetalol on slight myopia is not merely a beta-adrenergic blocking action.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1993

Reduction in mydriatic drop size in premature infants.

In a prospective study of 26 premature infants, 5 microliters microdrops were compared with standard 26 microliters eye drops of cyclopentolate 0.5% and phenylephrine 2.5%. There was no statistical difference in pupil dilatation. The 5 microliters microdrops have potentially fewer adverse effects in premature infants.

Cyclopentolate↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Systemic response to mydriatic eyedrops in neonates: mydriatics in neonates.

During routine dilation of 48 newborns, systemic responses and pupil dilation were monitored. Both 10 percent aqueous and viscous phenylephrine caused blanching around the eyes and produced considerable rise in blood pressure. Dilatation average 4.7 mm. In a double blind study, a 2.5 percent solution caused no skin blanching and no change in pressure or heart rate. Average dilation was 4.5 mm. No blood pressure changes were observed with either one percent cyclopentolate or one percent tropicamide. Average dilatations were 5.0 mm and 5.3 mm respectively. The above agents, used individually for a total dosage of three drops in each eye did not provide adequate dilation for a thorough funduscopic examination. Our protocol at United Hospitals Medical Center is a safe combination of drugs and provides excellent dilatation averaging greater th an 7 mm. No skin blanching or change in heart rate was observed.

Birth Weight↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Cycloplegic refraction after echothiophate iodide.

Retinoscopy under cycloplegia using cyclopentolate (Cyclogyl) hydrochloride was performed on 18 patients (36 eyes) with partial or complete accommodative esodeviation, during and after treatment with echothiophate (Phospholine) iodide. Measurements were clinically comparable on both occasions, regardless of concentration of echothiophate, duration of administration, or interval from discontinuance until refraction. It appears to be unnecessary to discontinue echothiophate iodide in order to obtain reliable cycloplegic retinoscopic measurements.

Accommodation, Ocular↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Abolition of feeding intolerance following ophthalmologic examination of neonates.

Administration of mydriatic medication and ophthalmologic examination have previously been associated with feeding intolerance, characterized by large retained gastric aspirates and abdominal distention. In an attempt to eliminate this problem, we instituted a policy of withholding feedings for four hours following ophthalmologic examination. A prospective series of 50 consecutive patients was then followed to determine the incidence of feeding intolerance 24 hours prior to and 24 hours following the examination. All infants had received cyclopentolate hydrochloride and phenylephrine hydrochloride prior to the examination. A critical review of the nursing notes revealed no increased incidence in feeding intolerance during the 24-hour period following examination. There were no cases of necrotizing enterocolitis during either period. This study provides evidence that the incidence of feeding intolerance following ophthalmologic examinations might be reduced by withholding feeding for four hours after the examinations.

Cyclopentolate↗

PubMedDate not supplied

A mydriatic eye-drop combination without systemic effects for premature infants: a prospective double-blind study.

Eye drops used for diagnostic mydriasis may produce systemic side effects in preterm infants. Studies on the pupil dilating and systemic effect of various mydriatic agents yielded conflicting results. We conducted a prospective randomized double-blind study on the systemic effect of two mydriatic eye-drop combinations. Thirty-nine preterm infants were randomly assigned to two groups. An eye-drop combination of 2.5% phenylephrine and 0.5% tropicamide (group D) was compared with the combination of 0.5% cyclopentolate and 0.5% tropicamide (group F). Either eye-drop combination was followed by 0.5% tropicamide given 20 minutes later. Heart rate (HR) and the systolic, mean, and diastolic blood pressure (BP) were recorded before and after eye-drop instillation and after ophthalmoscopy. A control session with NaCl eye drops was added for each infant. A significant increase of BP and HR peak values was observed within 7 to 10 minutes after the cyclopentolate/tropicamide combination only. On the other hand, the mydriatic effect of the phenylephrine/tropicamide combination was significantly superior to that of the cyclopentolate/tropicamide combination. We recommend the combination of 2.5% phenylephrine and 0.5% tropicamide to achieve a sufficient diagnostic mydriasis without systemic side effects in preterm infants.

Blood Pressure↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Closed angle glaucoma induced by phospholine iodide and epinephrine in a case of open angle glaucoma].

A patient suffering from open angle glaucoma was treated with topical phospholine iodide and epinephrine. Before treatment the anterior chamber was deep and the angle wide open in both eyes. Two weeks after beginning treatment there was an acute elevation of pressure to 52 mm hg in the right eye accompanied by myopia, shallowing of the anterior chamber and closure of the angle. These findings were dramatically reversed by the instillation of one drop of tropicamide and one drop of cyclopentolate. Simultaneous contraction of the dilator and sphincter muscles of the iris in this case probably caused pupillary block and closure of the anterior chamber angle, in spite of the initially wide open angle. Phospholine iodide may also have caused a spasm of the ciliary muscle and a forward movement of the lens, in a manner similar to that thought to occur in malignant glaucoma. Strong miotics together with epinephrine should be used cautiously in the treatment of glaucoma even when the initial examination shows a wide open angle.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

Autosomal recessive inheritance of myopia in Hong Kong Chinese infants.

Hong Kong Chinese infants were refracted by retinoscopy at regular intervals between the age of approximately 10 and 40 weeks. Cyclopentolate 1% was used to obtain cycloplegia. The spherical equivalent of the refractive error was calculated for each child and analysis of variance carried out according to the refractive status of the parents. From approximately 20 weeks of age a significant difference was found between the mean spherical equivalent of the refractive error of infants of parents both of whom were myopic and that of infants of parents neither of whom was myopic. At 40 weeks of age a good fit with an autosomal recessive probability model was obtained.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

[Effect of mydriasis and cycloplegia on close-range visual acuity in pseudophakia].

We have studied 21 eyes of 17 patients which underwent 3 Months before a standard extracapsular cataract extraction and implantation into the sulcus of a posterior chamber lens. All the eyes had a final uncorrected far and near vision of 0.4 (20/50) or better. We have measured the uncorrected near vision before and after pupillary dilatation with 5% phenylephrine. Then, after additional 0.5% cyclopentolate induced cyclopegia, near vision was evaluated again. Our results show a statistically significant decrease in the uncorrected near vision after pupillary dilatation (p less than 0.001). On the contrary additional cyclopegia does not significantly reduce the uncorrected near vision (p greater than 0.08). Our observations confirm the importance of unimpaired pupillary movement as regards best possible uncorrected near vision in pseudophakic patients. The activity of the ciliary muscle does not seem to mainly contribute to the phenomenon of pseudoaccommodation.

Aged↗

PubMed1988

Factors affecting the normal perimetric profile derived by automated static threshold LED perimetry. II. Accommodative microfluctuations.

The relationship between accommodative fluctuations and perimetric sensitivity was investigated in a group of 10 clinically normal emmetropic subjects using the Dicon AP3000 computer-assisted perimeter at a bowl luminance of 10 asb. Accommodative microfluctuations were attenuated with the antimuscarinic drug cyclopentolate HCl 1% and the concomitant mydriasis was matched on a separate trial using the sympathomimetic phenylephrine HCl 10%. Saline 0.9% was used as the control. Accommodative microfluctuations were found to play a minor role in determining the magnitude of sensitivity out to an eccentricity of 5 degrees; between 5 degrees and 27.5 degrees, the effect of microfluctuations was masked by the mydriasis produced by the drugs used in the study. The range of sensitivity values at a given location were reduced when accommodative fluctuations were minimized.

Accommodation, Ocular↗