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At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources

PubMed1999

Factors influencing changes in tweezer dexterity scores following yoga training.

Yoga has already been shown to improve perceptual-motor skills, but the factors which influence its effects are not well defined. This study correlates age, gender, and motivation to learn yoga with the performance in a dexterity task following yoga. Tweezer dexterity was recorded in eighty subjects belonging to four groups. Two groups were given a month of yoga training. One group consisted of subjects who had volunteered to join for the training and the other group were deputed for the training as part of their job. The two remaining groups did not receive yoga training and were selected to match the respective groups receiving yoga, for age and sex, but not for their motivation to learn yoga. The test involved using a tweezer to place metal pins in evenly spaced holes in a metal plate within four minutes. Following yoga the scores of the volunteers who learnt yoga increased significantly, whereas there was no change in scores of deputed subjects and non-yoga groups. For reasons described in detail, factors such as age and gender did not appear to contribute to the difference in performance. Hence motivation to learn yoga appeared to influence the magnitude of increase.

Adult↗

PubMed2003

The relationship between postural control and fine manual dexterity.

The influence of the development of postural control of the trunk and center of the body on the development of fine manual dexterity ability is a common assumption. The objectives of this study were: (1) to examine the relationship between the adult version of the Nine-Hole Peg Test and the "children's version" in order to establish construct validity for the latter, and (2) to investigate the relationship between postural control and fine motor performance of children developing typically aged five to six. The study sample included 47 children, 25 males and 22 females, with a mean age of 5 years and 8 months and a standard deviation of 3.8 months. Two tests were administered: (1) The balance subtest of the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency (BOTMP; Bruininks, 1978); and (2) the Nine-Hole Peg Test (NHPT; Kellor, Frost, Silberg Iversen & Cumming, 1971), as well as the "children's version" of rotation and translation tasks (Case-Smith, 1993, 1995). The adult version of the NHPT revealed significant moderate correlations with most of the BOTMP tasks for both hands. Secondary results of the study support the concurrent validity of the two "children's version" tasks. Results show low to moderate correlations between performance on the NHPT subtests and the BOTMP subtest tasks, with significant correlations ranging from -.31 to -.47. Given the negative and low correlations obtained in this study, it is suggested that more extensive longitudinal research examine the relationship between postural control and fine motor manual dexterity performance.

Child, Preschool↗

PubMed1992

Latex gloves and manual dexterity. A study of 50 Midwest dentists.

Fifty practicing dentists were each given a series of tests to perform in their own offices with and without gloves on to determine how the use of gloves affected the performance of dental operations. While wearing gloves did not appreciably influence speed, it significantly reduced manual dexterity and light touch perception. And there was a high correlation between wearing gloves and hand dermatitis. Increased age was associated with a slight loss in speed and dexterity but not light touch perception. Women produced better scores than men in all tests.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

Reliability and validity of a manual dexterity test to predict preclinical grades.

The University of California, San Francisco School of Dentistry wanted to determine if a predental school manual dexterity test predicts: 1) subsequent grades in preclinical restorative courses, and 2) faculty perceptions of satisfactory performance in these skills that would indicate the student is ready to advance to the clinic. The study population was comprised of all 244 applicants admitted to UCSF School of Dentistry's D.D.S. program from Classes of 2000 to 2002 and who matriculated into the program. The manual dexterity test (MDT) consisted of a two-hour block-carving test. Three preclinical faculty, three clinical faculty, and two basic science faculty graded the blocks. Even after instruction and calibration, faculty varied greatly in their grading (intra-rater reliability kappa statistics ranging from 0.34 to 1.00). Two of three preclinical raters gave No Passes for the MDT in 9.8 percent of the incoming, first-year dental students. Of these twenty-three students, only four (17 percent) were in the lower 10 percent of their classes according to their five preclinical restorative laboratory courses after two years, and four (33 percent) were among the twelve students the three preclinical laboratory directors identified as laboratory cautions. The MDT did not significantly (p=0.342) predict students in the bottom 10 percent after five restorative preclinical laboratory courses, above and beyond current admissions criteria. Among current admissions criteria, PAT score was the only item at least moderately correlated with preclinical average percentile class rank (Spearman correlation = 0.34). In conclusion, the MDT did not appear to add information to the current admissions criteria.

Aptitude Tests↗

PubMed1990

[A dexterity test in school-age children].

In a group of 50 children of school age a dexterity test was performed. The group comprised children who, when born, were mature, immature or hypotrophic. The authors describe the method of the test, its physiological background and value. From the results of the test ensues that there is no difference between boys and girls, no difference in practice and gnosis, no difference between the right and left hand, the result of the test does not depend on age. Maturity, prematurity or hypotrophy caused significant differences in the results of the test. As according to statistical criteria the group is sufficiently numerous, the submitted results of the test can be used as standards in school children who were born mature, premature or hypotrophic. The submitted battery of tests is a suitable method for testing of dexterity. In the conclusion the authors give output data for paediatric and teaching practice.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1989

[Osteogenic properties of adhesive cells in Dexter culture of the mouse bone marrow].

Disaggregated cell suspensions obtained by mouse bone marrow fermentative digestion as well as stromal tissue obtained by marrow mild mechanical destruction were explanted. Both methods yield the cultures in which the hematopoiesis duration is comparable with dexter cultures. Adhesive cells from all of these three culture types were resuspended and in the porous gelatin sponges heterotopically transplanted under the kidney capsule of syngenic recipients. In the transplantation site there develops the hemopoietic organ containing reticular stroma, hemopoietic cells, and in most cases the well developed bone tissue. Thus, the adherent layers of mouse bone marrow dexter and similar cultures contain for a long period (not less than 2-3.5 months) the stromal fibroblast population which maintains its osteogenic and hemopoietic microenvironment transfer capacities.

Animals↗

PubMed1986

Assessing psychomotor skills: the role of the Crawford Small Parts Dexterity Test as a screening instrument.

The Crawford Small Parts Dexterity Test, a performance test designed to measure eye-hand coordination, was administered to 71 freshman dental students prior to their first-semester classes and again in their senior year. Zero-order and stepwise multiple regression analyses compared the predictor variables commonly used for dental school admissions decisions and the dexterity test scores with the mean performance in four preclinical laboratory courses and overall dental school performance. The results indicate that CSPDT assessment may improve selection accuracy when used with current measures. Significant gender interaction effects were observed.

Aptitude Tests↗

PubMed1985

[Cor triatriatum dexter: a case report with particular reference to the echocardiographic features].

A patient with a double-chambered right ventricle and cor triatriatum dexter was presented. The non-invasive diagnosis of cor triatriatum dexter was stressed. A plate-like echo was imaged in the right atrium using two-dimensional echocardiography. It divided the atrium into two chambers. Contrast echocardiography revealed delayed filling of the lower portion of the atrium. Pulsed Doppler echocardiography demonstrated systolic turbulence in the lower portion of the atrium, indicating that the plate-like structure produced a stenosis in the right atrium. We conclude that non-invasive methods including contrast echocardiography and pulsed Doppler echocardiography, are effective in identifying stenoses in the right atrium.

Adult↗

PubMed1983

Successful repair of symptomatic cor triatriatum dexter in infancy.

Cor triatriatum dexter is a rare cardiac malformation, usually diagnosed incidentally at operation or necropsy. We report the case of a 5-month-old infant, severely symptomatic, who underwent correction of a highly obstructive cor triatriatum dexter, with multiple anomalies of the systemic venous return and a large interatrial communication. This appears to be the first case of successful repair of this anomaly during infancy.

Angiocardiography↗

PubMed1995

Effect of stem cell factor on myelopoiesis potential in human Dexter-type culture systems.

Hematopoiesis is influenced by the presence of the hematopoietic microenvironment, and Dexter-type liquid culture systems represent an in vitro representation of some aspects of the microenvironment that are optimal for the propagation of myeloid progenitors. Marrow stromal layers, which constitute part of these culture systems, produce growth factors, including stem cell factor (SCF), a ligand for the c-kit proto-oncogene that has been found to increase detection of myeloid, erythroid, and megakaryocytic progenitors in short-term marrow colony assays. In this work, the role of SCF in Dexter-type culture systems was examined to better define its contribution to steady-state myelopoiesis. When cultured in the continued presence of 100 ng/mL SCF, both primary and recharged cultures demonstrated significantly greater CFU-GM output, with quantitative differences noted throughout culture duration (up to 6 weeks). This increase in CFU-GM could be inhibited specifically with the addition of 1:1500 SR-1, a neutralizing anti-c-kit monoclonal antibody (MAb) that neutralizes the biological effects of SCF, and the increase was noted both with recharged light-density marrow cells and purified CD34+ progenitor cells. On the other hand, when primary or recharged marrow cultures were established in the absence of exogenous SCF, but in the continuous presence of SR-1, no inhibition of CFU-GM output was observed. When light-density marrow cells were purged of pre-existing CFU-GM by 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide (4-HC) and were seeded over irradiated stromal layers, exogenous SCF resulted in detection of CFU-GM from 4-HC-treated cells as early as 1 week of culture, as compared to the lack of significant emergence of CFU-GMs at 4 weeks in the control cultures. This SCF effect was also inhibited by SR-1. Purified CD34+ progenitor cells did not adhere to SCF immobilized to tissue culture plates, and the adhesion of such progenitors to murine Steel lines transfected with membrane-bound SCF was not greater than to the parent nontransfected Steel line, suggesting that the effect of SCF was not on CD34+ cell adhesion. These studies confirm the action of SCF at a pre-CFU level, and they demonstrate the ability of SCF to stimulate increased production of myeloid progenitors in long-term liquid culture systems.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗

PubMed1994

Growth acceleration and stem cell expansion in Dexter-type cultures by neutralization of TGF-beta.

Hematopoietic lineage-restricted stem cell growth has been shown to be significantly inhibited by the addition of exogenous transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) to Dexter-type long-term murine bone-marrow cultures. In order to examine whether TGF-beta produced by these cells has a role in hematopoietic growth regulation, Dexter cultures have been treated with either 1D11.16, a monoclonal antibody that neutralizes the biological activity of TGF-beta types 1, 2, and 3, or with a control antibody. The composition and cellularity of the nonadherent cell populations in these cultures were assessed weekly. Treatment with anti-TGF-beta antibody resulted in a five- to 20-fold increase in nonadherent cells in the cultures when compared to either the control or untreated cultures by week 4. The majority of these cells were granulocyte/macrophage-lineage cells as assessed by histologic and flow-cytometric analysis. There was also a significant increase of megakaryocytes in cultures treated with anti-TGF-beta antibody. Stem-cell analysis, using a colony-forming unit-spleen (CFU-S) assay that combined both the adherent and nonadherent populations from either 4- or 6-week cultures, showed that there are an equivalent number of hematopoietic stem cells per 10(6) cells regardless of antibody treatment. Therefore, cultures treated with anti-TGF-beta antibody contained at least three times as many stem cells as the control cultures. Finally, kinetics studies show that the presence of anti-TGF-beta antibody is required from the onset of culture to produce these effects. These results suggest that TGF-beta is involved in normal growth regulation of bone-marrow hematopoietic cells. By addition of a neutralizing antibody, the normal TGF-beta negative growth signal is disrupted, allowing for expanded growth of several cell populations.

Animals↗

PubMed1994

Validation of the Box and Block Test as a measure of dexterity of elderly people: reliability, validity, and norms studies.

Manual dexterity is a skill frequently evaluated in rehabilitation to estimate hand function. Several tests have been developed for this purpose, including the Box and Block Test (BBT) that measures gross manual dexterity. The goal of the present study was to verify the test-retest reliability and construct validity of the BBT with subjects aged 60 and over with upper limb impairment. The second objective of this research was to develop normative data based on a random sample of healthy elderly community-living individuals. The results show that the test-retest reliability is high (intraclass correlations coefficients of 0.89 to 0.97) and the validity of the test is shown by significant correlations between the BBT, an upper limb performance measurement and a functional independence measurement. The norms will help rehabilitation clinicians to differentiate better between real difficulties and those that may be attributed to normal aging.

Activities of Daily Living↗

PubMed1993

Cor triatriatum dexter in two dogs.

Cor triatriatum dexter is a congenital heart defect in which the embryologic right sinus venosus valve persists as a septum within the right atrium. Cor triatriatum dexter was diagnosed in 2 dogs on the basis of clinical signs, two-dimensional echocardiography, and cardiac catheterization. In 1 of the dogs, the condition was successfully treated by surgical resection of the intra-atrial septum. In the second dog, the defect was associated with an incomplete persistent cranial left vena cava and Ebstein's anomaly; surgery was declined.

Animals↗

PubMed1997

Cerebellar size and cognition: correlations with IQ, verbal memory and motor dexterity.

The objective of this study was to examine the structure/function relationship between in vivo cerebellar size and higher cognitive function in a sample of healthy young subjects. The design of the study involved correlation of in vivo cerebellar volume measurements with measures of general intelligence (WAIS-R V&P FSIQ, Vocabulary, Block Design, and Digit Span subtests), motor dexterity (Halstead-Reitan Finger Tapping), verbal (WMS Logical Memory), and visual (Rey-Osterrieth Figure) memory covaring for cerebrum size. A similar analysis was performed using left temporal lobe volumes as a control region. The sample consisted of 62 healthy subjects (30 females, 32 males) enrolled as controls at the MHCRC at the University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics. This independent sample does not overlap with the groups studied in our previous report on the relationship between cerebellar and brain size and IQ. Cerebellar and total brain size were estimated through automatic, atlas-based volume measurements using MR images obtained with a T1-weighted three-dimensional SPGR sequence on a 1.5-T GE Signa scanner and locally developed software. Cerebellar volume significantly correlated with Finger Tapping (left hand: r = 0.218, p < 0.05; right hand: r = 0.211, p < 0.05) and with memory retention of complex narrative material (r = 0.27, p < 0.02). Cerebellar volume correlated with general intelligence in the expected direction (r = 0.19, p < 0.07). This study confirms previous work indicating that the cerebellum may make a contribution to several aspects of cognition. Cerebellar volume significantly correlated with the ability to retain already encoded information in the verbal domain and with fine motor dexterity. Cerebellar volume positively correlated with general but the relationship did not reach statistical significance. The structural/functional relationship between cerebellum and verbal memory abilities is consistent with evolutionary theory for the phylogenetical increase in the size of the cerebellum.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Remnants of the embryologic sinus venosus valves. "Cor triatriatum dexter" (author's transl)].

Remnants of the embryologic sinus venosus valves are not uncommon. However, persistent venous valves in the right atrium, which are large enough to obstruct the blood flow through the tricuspid valve (the so called cor triatriatum dexter) are very rare. There are 3 different types according to the location of the right atrial membrane. Right heart chambers hyoplasia is the most common association. Concurrent lesions of lesser degree have also been described. Although isolated cor triatriatum dexter could be symptomatic, both the clinical features and the prognosis usually are the consequence of the associated malformations. A review of the embryological aspects is offered.

Adult↗

PubMed2000

Postsurgical use of amplatzer septal occluder in cyanotic patients with pulmonary atresia/intact ventricular septum: significance of cor triatriatum dexter and dilated right atrium.

Percutaneous closure of secundum atrial septal defects (ASDs) has been shown to be safe and effective. However, its role after surgery in patients with cyanotic congenital heart disease who may have associated cor triatriatum dexter and a dilated right atrium has not been established. This article reports on successful closure in such patients, including precautions and results.

Child, Preschool↗

PubMed1998

Kinetics of hematopoiesis in Dexter-type long-term cultures established from human umbilical cord blood cells.

In the present study, we have established Dexter-type long-term cultures (D-LTC) from human umbilical cord blood (UCB) and followed the kinetics of different hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs)--including multipotent (colony forming unit [CFU]-Mixture), erythroid (CFU-erythroid, BFU-E), and myeloid (CFU-granulocyte, CFU-macrophage, CFU-granulocyte/marcophage) progenitors as well as of morphologically recognizable erythroid, myeloid and lymphoid cells--during a nine-week culture period. D-LTC were also established from adult bone marrow (BM) as controls. On day 0, both UCB and BM showed similar total numbers of HPCs (about 310/10(5) cells), however, UCB showed a higher proportion of primitive HPCs (i.e., CFU-Mixture, CFU-granulocyte/macrophage and BFU-E). A poor adherent cell layer, consisting almost exclusively of macrophages, was developed in UCB D-LTC and this correlated with a continuous decline in HPC numbers throughout the culture period. In contrast, adherent cell numbers in BM D-LTC, including fibroblasts and macrophages, were two- to fourfold higher than in UCB cultures, and the numbers of HPCs were also significantly higher, reaching plateau levels between weeks 6 and 9. In both types of cultures, erythroid and multipotent progenitors declined relatively fast, reaching undetectable levels after five weeks of culture. Myeloid progenitors, on the other hand, were sustained longer (always at higher levels in BM cultures) and were still detected by week 9. Among myeloid progenitors, a shift towards the predominance of macrophage HPCs was observed, both in UCB and BM D-LTC, and this correlated with an increase in the proportion of mature monocytes and macrophages. Taken together, our results indicate that myeloid progenitor cell growth is deficient in UCB D-LTC and suggest that this is due to the impaired development of an adherent cell layer, unable to provide the factors and conditions required for their growth. Interestingly, throughout the culture period the total numbers of multipotent and erythroid progenitors were similar both in UCB and BM cultures regardless of the number and types of adherent cells present; this suggests that the stroma developed in D-LTC is not sufficient for the proliferation of these progenitor cells.

Bone Marrow Cells↗

PubMed2002

Dynamic use of tactile afferent signals in control of dexterous manipulation.

During object manipulation, humans select and activate neural action programs acquired during ontogenetic development. A basic issue in understanding the control of dexterous manipulation is to learn how people use sensory information to adapt the output of these neural programs such that the fingertip actions matches the requirements imposed by the physical properties of the manipulated object, e.g., weight (mass), slipperiness, shape, and mass distribution. Although visually based identification processes contribute to predictions of required fingertip actions, the digital tactile sensors provide critical information for the control of fingertip forces. The present account deals with the tactile afferent signals from the digits during manipulation and focuses on some specific issues that the neural controller has to deal with to make use of tactile information.

Fingers↗