PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “DISEASE”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

[Perfusion scintigraphy of the myocardium in cardiological diagnosis. Coronary diseases, primary myocardial diseases and rheumatic heart valve diseases].

In 123 patients perfusion scintigrams were compared with the data of clinical investigation, right and left heart catheterisation and coronary arteriography. The intracoronary application of radioactive labelled human-albumin-microspheres and human-microaggregates were without any complications. The patients suffered from coronary heart diseases, primary myocardial diseases and rheumatic valvula heart diseases. There was a good correlation between the myocardial perfusion defect and the degree of coronary artery stenoses. Furthermore an excellent correlation was found between perfusion defects and levocardiographic findings: left ventricular aneurysms, akinetic or hypokinetic areas and the ejection fraction of the left ventricle. All myocardial infarctions were detected by a perfusion defect in the scintigrams. In 16 cardiacsurgery-patients large myocardial perfusion defects were found to be myocardial scars. In primary myocardial diseases perfusion scintigraphy is an effective method of detecting pathological myocardial patterns. The degree of perfusion defects correlates excellently with the levocardiographic findings. It seems that in rheumatic valvular diseases perfusion-scintigraphy is a method to discover rheumatic myocardial abnormalities--probably scar tissue. In comparison with thallium scintigrams it was shown that extensive myocardial failures (aneurysms) can be represented by both nuclear medical procedures but that perfusion scintigraphy is more sensitive and correlates more closely to the levocardiogram findings.

Angiography↗
PubMed2003

No disease-associated mutations found in the coding sequence of the canine polycystic kidney disease gene 1 in Bull Terriers with polycystic kidney disease.

The aim of this study was to identify possible disease-associated mutations in the canine homologue of the polycystic kidney disease gene 1 (PKD1) in Bull Terriers with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Messenger RNA was obtained from the blood or renal tissue of five Bull Terriers with the disease and four close relatives without the disease. Reverse transcription, PCR and 3' rapid amplification of cDNA ends were used to amplify the coding and 3' untranslated regions of this transcript. Comparison of PKD1 sequence between the affected and unaffected Bull Terriers, revealed six polymorphisms, but no disease-associated mutations.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Gross signs and histopathology of branchiostegal blister disease (balloon disease): an idiopathic disease of farmed Macrobrachium rosenbergii (De Man).

The giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, is facing increased threat due to disease as its culture becomes more widespread. A disease characterized by the swelling of the branchiostegal region and deformities of the appendages, named balloon disease by farmers, has caused considerable economic loss in the Nellore region of Andhra Pradesh, India. Clinical signs of diseased animals include a voluminous hypertrophy of some gill filaments and the inner area of the branchiostegite. By histology, hypertrophied areas at the level of the gill filaments or branchiostegite had an identical structure corresponding to a large cyst filled with a fluid containing a few free haemocytes, limited on one side by the cuticle and on the other by the subcuticular epithelial layer. Analysis of the diseased prawns did not reveal any pathogenic agent leading us to conclude that the disease is idiopathic, probably due to suboptimal water quality conditions.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Immunological studies on Behçet's and Harada's diseases. I. Cell-mediated immunity in Behçet's and Harada's diseases. II. HL-A antigens associated with Behçet's disease.

Behçet's and Harada's diseases were studied for cell-mediated immunity, utilizing leukocyte migration inhibition test (agarose droplet method). Patients with Behçet's disease during an attack showed cellular hypersensitivity to their aqueous humor, vitreous humor, and synovial fluid, but not to the normal tissue extracts of humans, such as oral mucous membrane, skin, retina and uvea, nor to their peripheral blood leukocytes. The patients with Harada's disease, in whom uveitis was recurrent and depigmentation present in various parts of the body, showed cellular hypersensitivity to bovine uveal extract. It is probably that in Behçet's disease cellular hypersensitivity is the result of inflammatory processes rather than being an important pathogenic mechanism, whereas in Harada's disease it is implicated in the pathogenesis of the disease process.

Behcet Syndrome↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus: report of the Consensus Study Group of the European Workshop for Rheumatology Research. II. Identification of the variables indicative of disease activity and their use in the development of an activity score. The European Consensus Study Group for Disease Activity in SLE.

A European Consensus Group study, involving 29 centres from 14 countries, was performed in order to reach agreement on the definition of disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and to construct a new disease index. Data on 704 lupus patients were collected and analysed, using univariate and multivariate statistical procedures, to select those clinical and laboratory features of the disorder which best correlate with the global assessment of disease activity assigned to the patients by the physician of each participating centre. A combination of 15 clinical and laboratory variables was shown to be the best predictor of disease activity in SLE. A European Consensus Lupus Activity Measurement (ECLAM) was then formulated. This index included the 15 selected variables, weighted (with some adjustments) according to their respective regression coefficients in the multivariate model. ECLAM appears to be an effective instrument for scoring patients with different degrees of disease activity. This is the first SLE disease activity index based on data from a very large number of lupus patients followed at a large number of lupus centres in different countries. It might therefore very well serve as a standardised measure for future European clinical studies. Final assessment of the validity, reliability and sensitivity of this index is now underway.

Europe↗
PubMed1996

Meningococcal disease prevention and control strategies for practice-based physicians. Committee on Infectious Diseases, American Academy of Pediatrics. Infectious Diseases and Immunization Committee, Canadian Paediatric Society.

Localized outbreaks of meningococcal disease in the United States and Canada continue to cause serious alarm within communities as a result of the fulminating pattern of the disease, high mortality rate, and high incidence among adolescents. The increasing number of outbeaks since 1991 has raised questions about the management and prevention of further cases during an outbreak. The purpose of this statement is to guide primary-care physicians in their role in infection control and prevention of both sporadic cases and outbreaks of invasive meningococcal disease. This statement provides information on the epidemiology of meningococcal disease, including definitions of sporadic, secondary, and coprimary cases, clusters of cases, and outbreaks. Data are presented on identification of cases, disease risk of contacts, and agents for chemoprophylaxis, and recommendations are given for: (1) risk assessment of contacts, (2) administration of chemoprophylaxis, (3) appropriate use of meningococcal vaccine, (4) appropriate use of the microbiology laboratory, (5) the necessity for timely and appropriate reporting of invasive meningococcal disease to local public health authorities, and (6) information on counseling and public education that may be helpful during an outbreak to minimize public anxiety. An additional section, "Information for Sharing," which uses a question-and-answer format and which may be helpful to parents and community and health care workers during an outbreak, is also provided.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Neuronal RNA in Pick's and Alzheimer's diseases. Comparison of disease-susceptible and disease-resistant cortical areas.

Comparative neuronal RNA analyses were conducted in disease-prone (frontal association, Brodmann's area 9) vs relatively disease-resistant (primary visual, occipital area 17) cortex of patients with autopsy-proved Pick's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Azure B-RNA staining and scanning-integrating microdensitometry were used to determine total RNA contents of pyramidal neurons in layers 3 and 5. In both PD and AD (1) significant (15% to 47%) RNA loss was detected in neurons of both cortical areas and layers relative to those of aged, nondemented controls, and (2) RNA loss was not markedly enhanced in the damaged frontal cortex relative to that in the preserved occipital cortex. Neuronal RNA depletion was generally more marked in PD than AD. However, this impairment does not appear to be related to the formation of classic neuropathological abnormalities in either disease.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

Risk-adapted therapy for clinical stage I-II Hodgkin's disease: 7-years results of radiotherapy alone for low-risk disease, and ABVD and radiotherapy for high-risk disease.

Treatment outcomes were documented for 204 adult patients with clinical Stage I-II Hodgkin's disease who were treated with risk-adapted ABVD (doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine and dacarbazine) and radiotherapy (RT) at the Toronto-Sunnybrook Regional Cancer Centre between 1984 and 1994. Forty-nine patients with clinical Stage I disease (excluding bulky mediastinal presentations) and 50 patients with a combination of clinical Stage IIA disease, age 50 years or less, and favourable pathology (lymphocyte predominant or nodular sclerosing histology) were identified as low risk and treated with RT alone to 35 Gy. One hundred and five high-risk patients were treated with chemotherapy (86 with ABVD) followed by RT to 25 Gy. The 7-year cause-specific, overall and disease-free survivals were 95%, 90% and 75% respectively for the low-risk cohort, and 91%, 90% and 88% respectively for the high-risk cohort. In-field relapses accounted for 50% of the failures in both groups. Sixteen of 24 (67%) patients with RT failure and 6/14 (43%) with combined modality therapy (CMT) failure were salvaged. Twenty-eight per cent of the patients treated with RT and 21% of those treated with CMT developed hypothyroidism by 7 years. Fatal complications were recorded in 6% of the low-risk patients managed with RT and 8% of high-risk patients managed with CMT. Septic death and second malignancy accounted for the majority of treatment-related fatalities. Risk-adapted therapy emphasizing RT alone for selected patients with favourable prognostic factors and CMT based on ABVD provides excellent long-term disease control. Further treatment refinements, including the wider application of CMT with lower doses of chemotherapy and RT, will be required to reduce the rate of fatal complications to more acceptable levels.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Correlated expression of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein in relation to disease activity in inflammatory bowel disease: lack of differences between Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: As opposed to regular C-reactive protein (CRP) assays, the introduction of high-sensitivity ones has enabled us to detect low grade inflammation in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We addressed the subject of the degree of correlation between the concentration of high-sensitivity CRP (hs-CRP) and the inflammatory IBD activity score. METHODS: Included were 90 patients with Crohn's disease (CD), 70 with ulcerative colitis (UC) and 160 controls. Disease activity was determined using CD activity index (CDAI) for CD and Mayo score for UC. The Dade Boering BNII Nephelometer was used to determine the hs-CRP concentrations. RESULTS: The coefficient of correlation between hs-CRP and the disease activity score was similar for both UC (0.26) and CD (0.36). CONCLUSIONS: These findings are relevant for therapeutic intervention in which a greater absolute reduction in the hs-CRP concentration in CD patients (who generally present higher CRP concentrations than those found in UC) might be interpreted as a better response compared to the same absolute reduction in UC patients. This information is needed for clinicians using the hs-CRP assay to estimate IBD disease activity in daily practice.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Disease severity in children and adults with Pompe disease related to age and disease duration.

Information about 255 children and adults with Pompe disease was gathered through a questionnaire. Disease severity was associated with disease duration and not with age; an early manifestation of the disease implied earlier wheelchair or ventilator dependency. The patient group under age 15 included a subgroup with a more severe and rapid course of the disease. They require more intensive follow-up and early intervention, before irreversible damage has occurred.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pulmonary disease: pneumonia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, and thromboembolic disease.

Although many medical problems are generally managed in concert with a general medical physician, it is important for the podiatric physician to be familiar with some of the major diseases of the lung. Pneumonia, an infectious process within the lung, is the sixth-leading overall cause of death. Antibiotic treatment, oxygen administration, and supportive care are the mainstays of its therapy. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease presents as a spectrum from chronic bronchitis, with a greater inflammatory component, to emphysema, with a more significant destructive component. Asthma, often a more episodic chronic obstructive disease, is characterized by inflammation of the airways leading to their narrowing. The work of breathing is often increased in these diseases, and treatment is with combination therapies with a focus on smoking cessation. Thromboembolic disease, the occlusion of blood vessels with consequent interruption of blood flow, may occur in a patient with risk factors, especially after surgery. Treatment is with anticoagulation agents or in some cases with thrombolysis. Prophylaxis is key.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

Clinical trials in Alzheimer's disease. Calculating Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-cognitive subsection with the data from the consortium to establish a registry for Alzheimer's disease.

The database of the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD) is a seminal work in the field of cognitive dysfunction and Alzheimer's disease. This 24-center study of 1,094 patients with Alzheimer's disease who received no treatment for their cognitive dysfunction and 463 normal control subjects is rich in neurobehavioral data and contains extensive imaging and neuropathologic findings. However, the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale (ADAS) was not administered as part of the CERAD study, which limits the study's applicability to modern drug trials, in which the ADAS-cognitive subsection (ADAS-cog) is a popular end point. The purpose of this investigation was to develop a derived ADAS-cog score from the neurobehavioral data obtained from subjects during their evaluation in the CERAD study. Two calculated ADAS-cog scores were developed. The first was based on clinically mapping the items on the ADAS-cog to assessments that were performed in the CERAD study. The second was based on rescaling the Mini-Mental Status Exam (MMSE), using published results correlating the ADAS-cog to the MMSE. Standard characteristics of both calculated ADAS-cog scores were calculated and compared with each other and with the literature. Both calculated ADAS-cog scores performed comparably to published characteristics of the ADAS-cog. The clinically based calculated ADAS-cog outperformed the rescaled MMSE. Using the CERAD database, it is now possible to model the progression of an untreated (placebo) population of patients with Alzheimer's disease and correlate it to a study using ADAS-cog.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Imaging-based measures of disease progression in clinical trials of disease-modifying drugs for Alzheimer disease.

The authors review and assess imaging-based strategies for measuring the rate of progression of Alzheimer disease (AD). Such techniques may be useful in addition to the behavioral instruments typically used in these studies and may be more sensitive to treatment-related change. MEDLINE searches obtained relevant published literature. Articles were reviewed with particular attention to assessments of rate of disease progression and the effects of investigational drugs. Authors studied a variety of techniques, including volumetric magnetic resonance imaging, functional MRI, fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography, and several target-specific radiopharmaceuticals. In cross-sectional as well as small longitudinal trials, many of these show promise not only in diagnosis, but also as measures of disease progression. The effects of drugs that provide symptomatic relief on these measures have not been fully characterized. Even less is known about the effects of investigational drugs that may slow disease progression. Several neuroimaging techniques have been studied that could improve the ability of clinical trials to quantify the rate of progression of AD. Clinical trials of investigational drugs would benefit from more systematic validation of image-based outcome measures. Several choices of imaging techniques are available. An understanding of the relationship between a statistically significant effect size in an imaging marker and a clinically significant change in rate of disease progression will require additional studies.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

Methioninase: a therapeutic for diseases related to altered methionine metabolism and transmethylation: cancer, heart disease, obesity, aging, and Parkinson's disease.

Methionine metabolism and transmethylation are central to the metabolism and differentiation of all known cells. In enkaryotic organisms, methionine metabolism and transmethylation are of paramount importance in modification and regulation of proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. The differential methylation of genes regulates their expression in the myriad of cells in eukaryotic organisms. Disruption and abnormalities in methionine metabolism and transmethylation seems to be associated with the major diseases of mankind, including cancer, heart disease, aging, obesity, and Parkinson's disease. In this review, we describe how aberrant and abnormal methionine metabolism and transmethylation are related to these major diseases. Most importantly, we review and hypothesize how the developing therapeutic recombination methioninase (rMETase) can be utilized to cure or prevent all of these diseases.

Aging↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Field trial in commercial broilers with a multivalent in ovo vaccine comprising a mixture of live viral vaccines against Marek's disease, infectious bursal disease, Newcastle disease, and fowl pox.

A multivalent in ovo vaccine (MIV) was tested for safety and efficacy in a commercial broiler complex. The MIV comprised five replicating live viruses including serotypes 1, 2, and 3 of Marek's disease virus (MDV), an intermediate infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) and a recombinant fowl poxvirus (FPV) vector vaccine containing HN and F genes of Newcastle disease virus (NDV). The performance of MIV-vaccinated broilers was compared with that of hatchmates that received turkey herpesvirus (HVT) alone (routinely used in ovo vaccine in the broiler complex). The chickens that hatched from the MIV-injected and HVT-injected eggs were raised under commercial conditions in six barns. Barn 1 housed 17,853 MIV-vaccinated chickens and each of the barns 2-6 housed 18,472-22,798 HVT-vaccinated chickens. The HVT-vaccinated chickens were given infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) and NDV vaccines at hatch and at 2 wk of age. The MIV-vaccinated chickens received IBV vaccine at hatch and IBV + NDV at 2 wk of age. The relative values of hatchability of eggs, livability and weight gain of chickens, and condemnation rates at processing were comparable between the MIV and the HVT groups (P > 0.05). Chickens from the MIV- and the HVT-vaccinated groups were challenged with virulent viruses under laboratory conditions. The resistance of vaccinated chickens against Marek's disease could not be assessed because of high natural resistance of unvaccinated commercial broilers to virulent MDV. The relative resistances of the MIV- and the HVT-vaccinated groups, respectively, against other virulent viruses were as follows: IBDV, 100% for both groups; NDV, 81% vs. 19%; FPV, 86% vs. 0%. The successful use of MIV under field conditions expands the usefulness of the in ovo technology for poultry.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Inflammatory cell count and identification in specific duodenitis. (Celiac disease, Whipple's disease and Crohn's disease). Comparison with jejunal findings.

The authors studied the count and identification of inflammatory cells in duodenal biopsies of specific duodenitis. In celiac disease there is an increase of lymphocytes in the epithelial layer, and rich population of plasmacells in the lamina propria of duodenal mucosa. In Whipple's disease the reticulum cell component of lamina propria is increased, while total inflammatory cells are within normal limits, and both lymphocytes and plasmacells are decreased. The comparison between duodenal and jejunal findings shows similar data in celiac and Whipple's disease. In Crohn's disease the inflammatory cell count differs from controls only in presence of radiological or endoscopical features of duodenal involvement.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

The relationship between Lewy body disease, Parkinson's disease, and Alzheimer's disease.

The nosological relationship between Parkinson's disease, dementing syndromes with Lewy bodies, and Alzheimer's disease has been the subject of continuing debate. Here I argue, on the basis of recent data from families with hereditary versions of these diseases and from transgenic modeling, that these nosological debates are inevitable, impossible to resolve, and a product of the fact that we define diseases as entities rather than processes.

Alzheimer Disease↗