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Results for “DMF Index”

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PubMedDate not supplied

[Effects of fluoride in drinking water on health of deciduous teeth].

INTRODUCTION: High incidence of decayed deciduous teeth, as well as lack of adequate therapy, makes tooth decay prevention very important. One of the simplest ways to reduce tooth decay is fluoridation of drinking water. The optimal concentration of fluoride in drinking water is 1 ppm/l, and many waters naturally contain this quantity. Waters in Vojvodina are mainly poor in fluoride, except in a few regions. It has long been postulated that fluoride has a prophyilactic effect during intrauterine life. Today a theory of greater local impact of fluoride has been accepted, as well as its role in de- and remineralization of solid tooth tissue. MATERIAL AND METHOD: This epidemiological study was performed in the area of Vojvodina, in places with various fluoride concentrations in drinking water (0.18-1.04 ppm/l). Dental examination was performed among 145 children, 6 years of age. For tooth decay detection DMF index was used. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: In places with low and optimal fluoride concentration in drinking water the percentage of children with decayed teeth is different, but without statistical significance. The percentage of affected deciduous teeth is high in all places. In places with low fluoride concentration it is 24.2-32.3%, in places with optimal concentration is it 27-32%. The average value of DMF in all places is between 4.7-6.4. These results show that the optimal fluoride concentration in drinking water decreases the incidence of tooth decay, but this difference is not significant. CONCLUSION: Presence of fluoride in drinking water doesn't affect health of deciduous teeth. Decreased incidence of decayed deciduous teeth can be achieved only with combined usage of fluoride (local and systemic), as well as with an intensive health education program.

Child↗

PubMed1998

The oral health status of individuals on renal dialysis.

The primary purpose of this investigation was to determine the oral health status of individual's undergoing renal dialysis in southeastern Virginia. A sample was identified for this cross-sectional study via a local health maintenance organization. Three subgroups of the population were studied: 1) those who have been on renal dialysis for less than a year; 2) those on renal dialysis for 1 to 3 years; and 3) those on renal dialysis for longer than 3 years. Three dental indices the Periodontal Disease Index; the Decayed, Missing. Filled index; and the Simplified Oral Hygiene Index--were used to identify periodontal disease, dental caries activity, and oral hygiene status. Data were compiled and analyzed by using the parametric test, 1-way analysis of variance. Results suggested that 100% (n = 45) of the individuals undergoing renal dialysis presented with some form of periodontal disease (X = 3.15, SD = 1.41). The majority (64%) of the sample displayed either severe gingivitis (28%) or early periodontitis (36%). Sixty-four percent of the sample displayed a high DMF index (X = 11.77, SD = 7.55), while 98% of the sample accumulated calculus. Oral debris was present in 100% of the sample, resulting in a high Simplified Oral Hygiene Index score (X = 3.24, SD = 1.26), suggesting an increased need for oral care instruction. Findings led to the conclusion that the renal dialysis population in southeastern Virginia, regardless of length of time on dialysis, is in need of comprehensive professional oral care and self-care instruction. Oral disease was present and is a source of active infection in these medically compromised individuals and, as such, has dire implication for morbidity and mortality.

Analysis of Variance↗

PubMed1991

[Analysis of caries dynamics in permanent teeth of children 6-9 years old from Lublin].

The stomatological examination was carried out in 443 children aged 6-9 years including 203 boys and 240 girls. It was ascertained that the prevalence of caries of permanent teeth in children aged 6 was 3.64%, aged 7-50.88%, aged 8-73.53% and aged 9-76.81%. The DMF index in children aged 6 was 0.05, aged 7-1.375, aged 8-1.852 and in those aged 9 it was 2.308. There was noticed some more advancement in caries process in girls than in boys.

Child↗

PubMed1984

Relationship between fluoridation and socioeconomic status on dental caries experience in 5-year-old New Zealand children.

This article examines the relationship between fluoridation and socioeconomic status on caries experience, as measured by the dmf index, in 5-yr-old New Zealand children in the city of Dunedin (fluoridated in 1967) and in adjacent non-fluoride communities. The children were subdivided into six socioeconomic status groups (SES 1, professional and managerial-SES 6, unskilled workers), but then for simplicity they were combined to form three groups. A two-way analysis of variance demonstrated that interaction between fluoride history and socioeconomic status was not significant. In all three SES groups, dmf was higher in non-fluoride communities, but the difference was significant only in SES group (5&6) (P less than 0.01). Caries experience increased with decreasing socioeconomic status in both fluoride and non-fluoride communities, but this effect was only significant between SES groups (1&2) and (3&4) in the fluoridated community (P less than 0.05), and between SES groups (3&4) and (5&6) in non-fluoride communities (P less than 0.01). These results are compared with those of similar studies, and it is concluded that so far, the relationship between fluoridation and socioeconomic status on caries experience remains equivocal. A note of caution is sounded regarding the interpretation of such results, and the difficulties faced when comparing studies is discussed.

Analysis of Variance↗

PubMed1989

[Dental caries and socioeconomic development of Sardinian population].

A statistical survey has been carried out on the incidence of caries in the population of Sardinia. It is shown that the DMF index has grown steadily from 2.6 among the young (0-12 year old) to 13.07 in the group aged between 20.1 and 30. The socioeconomic changes of the past thirty years in Sardinia are looked at in an attempt to explain this phenomenon.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1989

Dental caries experience of 7 to 12-year old West Malaysian aborigines (Temuan tribe).

A preliminary survey on sixty-nine 7 to 12 year old Temuan tribe school children living some 30 kilometers from Kuala Lumpur was conducted. The examinations were carried out using a chair-table set up with natural daylight as the source of light. The DMF index of klein, Palmer and Knutson was used to assess the dental caries status. In spite of low fluoride content in their water supply, the findings revealed a generally low prevalence of caries experience (DMFT 1.26). The highest DMFT was in the 11 year olds. The relationship between these findings and their possible causes are discussed.

Child↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Tooth by tooth epidemiological study of caries in 3,400 children].

The DMF index distribution and the D, M, and F distributions on the whole teeth were described from a representative sample including 3,400 children at ages 6, 9 and 12. Results showed a great symetry for dental caries on each side of the median sagittal plane. The main spots of dental attack were found and the importance of each tooth in the determination of various indexes was analyzed. At each age, the first permanent molars are the most atracked. Many children have three or four decayed molars. Concerning the eruption of permanent teeth and the loss of primary teeth, we found the same symetry of these events between upper and lower maxillar as well as from on side of the median sagittal plane to the other.

Child↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Comparative analysis of two methods of the CRT test in children with high and low DMF value].

The study of enamel microdemineralization by the CRT test was done in 40 children of either sex aged 12 years with low and high DMF index value. Two methods of carrying out the CRT test were analysed: the method of one drop of HCl 1 n placed on a filter paper disc put directly onto enamel surface (CRT I) and the method of soaking the paper disc with 1 n HCl for 30 seconds with later placing of the disc on enamel surface (CRT II). A difference was found between CRT I and CRT II in the time of enamel microdemineralization. The enamel microdemineralization time by the CRT I was significantly longer than with the CRT II method, in the whole group of children and in groups with low and high DMF value. A statistically significant correlation was demonstrated also between the mean DMF value in the tested children and the mean time of enamel demineralization on the one hand, and the method of CRT performing, on the other hand. Of the analysed methods of CRT performing the method with 1 n HCl drooping onto the paper disc on a slide (CRT II) seems to be superior in view of its simplicity and safety.

Child↗

PubMed1979

[Age of onset of diabetes mellitus in relation to caries].

The DMF-Index of 101 children was established, regression analyses were made. It was found: -- that the D3-4MF/S was notably diminished in relation to patients with diabetes lasting a maximum of three years -- that the DMF/S of separately examined children was not reduced in spite of the diet. This may be interpreted as a sign of poor collaboration of the patient during therapy.

Age Factors↗

PubMed1990

Exploratory analyses of caries data.

Some recent developments in statistical technique are applied to exploring published data of caries experience in 5-year old children. The methods are: robust regression and identification of outliers; analysis of compositional data derived from the dmf index; plotting compositional data using a ternary (or Ferrers) diagram, with a 96 per cent contour and principal axes; data-smoothing applied to 3-dimensional graphs of prevalence, severity and treatment response to caries. A strong relationship was found between prevalence and severity of caries, and 16 outlying observations were identified. The smoothed data demonstrated an insufficient treatment response to caries. The role of such analyses is discussed and recommendations made.

Child, Preschool↗

PubMed1994

Flow rates of resting whole and stimulated parotid saliva in relation to age and gender.

Dry mouth is a common feature in the elderly, but it is not clear what proportion of incidences are related to functional disturbances and whether age per se and gender play a role. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of age and gender on salivary flow rates. The effect of age on unstimulated (resting) whole and stimulated parotid saliva flow rates was determined in 116 unmedicated, healthy individuals. The subjects were divided into four age groups: 20-39 years (group A), 40-59 years (group B), 60-79 years (group C), and 80 years and over (group D). A significant decrease in the secretion rates of unstimulated whole saliva in relation to age was observed in the study population (p < 0.001). However, the flow rates of stimulated parotid saliva were not significantly different in the four age groups. Females had significantly lower mean flow rates than males for both unstimulated (resting) whole saliva (p < 0.005) and stimulated parotid saliva (p < 0.05). In the study as a whole, significant negative correlations were found between either the DMF index (decayed, missing, and filled teeth) or the DMFS index (decayed, missing, and filled tooth surfaces) and the flow rates of unstimulated whole saliva (p < 0.02), but no relationship to stimulated parotid saliva flow rates was apparent. The results suggest that elderly subjects have no impairment in their ability to respond to sialogogues but that resting saliva rates are significantly lower than in younger individuals and may contribute to the increase in oral mucosal diseases seen in the elderly.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1992

[Prevalence of dental caries and rampant caries in a preschool population].

The results from a study on prevalence of ordinary dental caries and rampant caries in a children population are presented. The study was carried out at Dentistry Out patient Service in the Children Hospital "San Juan de Aragón" of the Federal District Department. The DMF index was obtained and its was proposed another one, in order to classify the different degrees of rampant caries in function of dental damage. An interview was applied to the fathers of the children of the study group in order to determinate hygiene oral habits, eating and familiar antecedents that could influence in the process of the ordinary and rampant caries and to compare between them. Serum and saliva were analyzed to determinate levels of albumin and IgM, IgG and IgA; there were also others factors tested that could indicate caries development.

Child↗

PubMed2004

Oral findings in coeliac disease and Sjögren's syndrome.

OBJECTIVE: Both coeliac disease (CD) and Sjogren's syndrome (SS) have an autoimmune background and increased risk of oral mucosal and dental abnormalities. Individuals suffering concomitantly from CD and SS could even be at a higher risk. STUDY DESIGN: Oral mucosal and dental abnormalities were examined in 20 patients with CD + SS (mean age 61 years) and compared with age- and sex-matched controls with either CD or SS. RESULTS: Oral mucosal changes were most common in SS (80%), followed by CD + SS (65%) and CD (40%). Coeliac-type dental enamel defects were found in 89% in CD + SS and in 88% in CD compared with only 25% in SS (P < 0.001). The median number of teeth was six in the CD + SS, 24 in the CD and 22 in the SS group. The DMF index was higher (P < 0.005) in the CD + SS than in the CD group. CD + SS was characterized by higher salivary flow rate (P < 0.001) and lower inflammatory focus score in the salivary glands (P < 0.01) than SS. CONCLUSIONS: The co-occurrence of CD and SS should be recognized because of its effects on dental and oral mucosal health. A lower salivary gland inflammatory focus score and higher salivary flow rate in CD + SS than in SS suggests that a gluten-free diet treatment may alleviate autoimmune inflammation.

Aged↗

PubMed2000

Comparative anti-caries effects of tablet and liquid fluorides in cleft children.

Children with cleft lip and/or palate are at a higher risk for developing caries of the primary incisors compared with non-cleft children. To determine whether fluoride in tablet or liquid form would be more efficacious with children with cleft lip and/or palate, a two-year clinical investigation was conducted to test the anti-caries effects. One-hundred and fifteen cleft children (59 boys and 56 girls) between 22 and 26 months old were randomly selected into control, tablet and liquid fluoride groups. The amount of administered fluoride was 0.25 mg F daily in non-fluoridated Taiwan. Dental examinations were conducted using mirrors and #23 explorers. Caries were assessed using the DMF index in the baseline, first year and second year. The results showed that children in the tablet and liquid groups had a significantly lower DMFT increment than in the control group (p < 0.05). In the DMFS index, children in the liquid group showed a significantly lower caries increment than in the control group (p < 0.01), and children in the tablet group presented a borderline, but non-significant statistical difference when compared with the control group (p = 0.065). No significant statistical difference was found in either DMFT or DMFS between tablet and liquid fluoride administrations (p = 0.521 and p = 0.383, respectively). It is concluded that dietary fluoride supplements in liquid form show efficacy in reducing early childhood caries in the cleft children. Liquid fluoride showed slightly better numerical anti-caries effect than tablet fluoride, which is possibly due to its ease of administration with small children.

Analysis of Variance↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Oral health among the Xavánte Indians in Pimentel Barbosa, Mato Grosso, Brazil].

This study presents the results of an oral health epidemiological survey conducted in 1997, based on WHO criteria, in the Xavánte indigenous community of Pimentel Barbosa (or Etéñitépa), Mato Grosso State, Central Brazil. The study included 228 individuals (85% of the population) over two years of age. In about half the sample, the DMF index was less than 2, and in the 12-14-year age bracket it was 3.7. The low frequency of fillings in permanent and deciduous teeth suggests limited access to dental care services. Despite the number of sextants with bleeding and tartar, no cases of severe periodontal disease were detected (CPITN). In the community, comparison of the results of this survey with two previous surveys (1962 and 1991) showed a deterioration in oral health conditions over time and alterations in the occlusal pattern (increase in Angle class II and III). Dietary changes due to environmental and socioeconomic alterations resulting from interaction with the surrounding society, along with the lack of preventive programs, are among the causes of this deterioration in oral health among the Xavánte.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1998

Changes in the oral health of adults from Trøndelag, Norway, 1973-1983-1994.

The purpose of this paper is to describe the changes in the oral health of adults from Trøndelag, Norway, over two decades (1973-1983-1994), from both a quasi-longitudinal and a time-lag perspective. Study participants were selected by random sampling in 1973, 1983 and 1994 (n=1759, n=3195, n=2341). Data were collected by epidemiological registrations and questionnaires. Oral health was measured by the additive DMF index. The number of decayed teeth was low in all age groups in 1994. There was a reduction in the number of filled teeth from 1983 to 1994 in the time-lag perspective in the youngest age group and the urban middle-aged group. The rural middle-aged adults and the older adults showed more filled teeth in 1994 than in 1983. In a quasi-longitudinal perspective, no significant changes in the 1960 birth cohort and the 1939-48 urban birth cohort were shown from 1983 to 1994, while the 1930-38 birth cohort and 1939-48 rural birth cohort acquired more filled surfaces during this period. There are now at least two different oral health populations of adults. The younger with the potential to carry oral health benefits into old age, and an elderly population burdened with extensive treatment but keeping their natural teeth.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1975

The increase in dental disease in the northern states of Nigeria and its manpower implications.

An epidemiological survey of dental decay was carried out in the six northern states of Nigeria on a population sample of 1396. The average number of decayed, missing and filled (DMF) teeth per person for the whole sample was 2-7. The percentage of caries-free persons was 47-1. Dental decay was more severe and widespread in the cities, where the mean DMF value was 2-8 and 42 per cent were caries-free, than in the villages, where the mean DMF value was 2-0 and 66-9 per cent were caries-free. The mean DMF index for the age group 10-19 years (which formed nearly 60 per cent of the sample) was 3-1, and untreated dental decay alone almost entirely accounted for this figure. This amount of untreated dental disease is an indication of the lack of dental treatment available as a consequence of the shortage of dental manpower, since only 15 dentists are available for a population of 28 800 000 in this area. Examination of the dietary habits of the population studied showed a remarkable level of consumption of sweets and sweet foods both in villages and cities. Overall, no fewer than 87 per cent of the people admitted to taking these cariogenic foods as snacks between meals. These habits are sufficient to explain the alarmingly increased incidence of dental decay and the decline in the number of caries-free persons when compared with earlier studies. This is an unhappy augury for the future dental health of Nigeria. The evidence of deterioration of dental health makes a national programme of dental health education and preventive dental treatment a matter of urgency. This necessitates a considerable increase in dental manpower if the population is to receive the maximum benefit.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1977

[Effect of organic solvents on the state of the periodontium and oral cavity in workers employed in pigment and paint industries].

Stomatological examinations were conducted among 270 workers employed at pigment and paint industry, exposed to organic solvents and other gaseous substances developed during the thermal conversion of oils. In the control group of one hundred persons employed in whom the detrimental action of chemical compounds does not exist, stomatological examination did not show any special variations from the normal average. Comparing the two groups it was evident that the hygiene of the oral cavity was significantly worse in the group of workers exposed to organic solvents and other chemical compounds than in the control one. Statistical analysis of the obtained results pointed out that the average index of intensity of changes in paradontium and the susceptibility to changes evaluated according to DMF index also shows higher values in the examined group as compared with the control. The frequency of occurrence of various pathological changes including leukoplakia of the mucosa was presented in detail. All collected data were divided into five groups of different exposure to the chemicals.

Adult↗