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At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources

PubMed1993

[DNA fingerprinting in horses].

Using a multilocus DNA probe, individual - specific hybridization patterns, the so-called DNA fingerprints (TAB) were determined in six horse families by the DNA fingerprinting method. The probe with evolutionally preserved nucleotide sequence from bacteriophage M13 determines hypervariable regions placed in genomic minisatellite DNA. The use of this probe permits an identification of an individual and execution of paternity relationships with a probability over 99.99 per cent.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

DNA fingerprinting of Riemerella anatipestifer.

Seventeen restriction endonucleases were evaluated for use in DNA fingerprinting of Riemerella anatipestifer. Digestion of chromosomal DNA with either HinfI or DdeI restriction endonuclease, followed by submarine electrophoresis in agarose and staining with ethidium bromide, resulted in DNA fingerprint profiles that could be easily resolved. HinfI produced readable fingerprint patterns in the 2.7-20-kb range and was used to distinguish DNA fingerprint profiles among 89 strains of R. anatipestifer representing isolates from various avian species in the United States, the United Kingdom, Australia, Canada, Germany, and Israel. A total of 52 distinct DNA fingerprint profiles were found.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Chromosomal organization of simple repeated DNA sequences used for DNA fingerprinting.

Stretches of short, simple DNA sequences are widespread in all eukaryote genomes studied so far. Simple sequences are thought to undergo frequent expansion and deletion due to intrinsic genomic mechanisms. Some of the simple sequences were used successfully to detect hypervariable loci in various genomes. Hybridization experiments using synthetic probes not only revealed the informative simple repeats suitable for DNA fingerprinting in a particular species, but also reflected the wide range of distribution of the simple sequences among eukaryotes. The organization of these simple repetitive sequences at the chromosomal loci was investigated using in situ hybridization with chemically synthesized, pure oligonucleotide probes. Both biotin- and digoxigenin-attached probes detected specific chromosomal sites that are enriched in the respective simple-repeat blocks. Depending on the organism and probe used, accumulation of simple DNA sequences at individual or multiple sites on the chromosomes of different vertebrates could be demonstrated. The simple repetitive DNA sequences are located in different chromosomal regions (e.g., heterochromatin on the sex chromosomes, nucleolus organizer regions, and R-band sites), which are constrained considerably during evolution.

Amphibians↗

PubMed1992

Isolation of human minisatellite loci detected by synthetic tandem repeat probes: direct comparison with cloned DNA fingerprinting probes.

As a direct comparison with cloned 'DNA fingerprinting' probes, we present the results of screening an ordered array Charomid library for hypervariable human loci using synthetic tandem repeat (STR) probes. By recording the coordinates of positive hybridization signals, the subset of clones within the library detected by each STR probe can be defined, and directly compared with the set of clones detected by naturally occurring (cloned) DNA fingerprinting probes. The STR probes vary in the efficiency of detection of polymorphic minisatellite loci; among the more efficient probes, there is a strong overlap with the sets of clones detected by the DNA fingerprinting probes. Four new polymorphic loci were detected by one or more of the STR probes but not by any of the naturally occurring repeats. Sequence comparisons with the probe(s) used to detect the locus suggest that a relatively poor match, for example 10 out of 14 bases in a limited region of each repeat, is sufficient for the positive detection of tandem repeats in a clone in this type of library screening by hybridization. These results not only provide a detailed evaluation of the usefulness of STR probes in the isolation of highly variable loci, but also suggest strategies for the use of these multi-locus probes in screening libraries for clones from hypervariable loci.

Base Sequence↗

PubMed1993

[Application of DNA fingerprinting to obstetrics and gynecology].

Restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP) are variations in the size of restriction fragments of genomic DNA that hybridize to specific probes. They are the consequence of changes in primary DNA sequences, most of which result from small-scale changes in DNA. Recently minisatellite DNA probes that detect many regions of great variability within the human genome have been described. Minisatellite probes consist of multiple repeated copies of a common 10-15 base pair core sequence. On hybridization to restriction enzyme digests of human DNA, they simultaneously detect many highly polymorphic minisatellites at different loci in the genome, and produce band patterns that are individual specific. The band patterns are called "DNA fingerprints" or "DNA barcode" which can be used for individual identification on forensic and legal medicine. In addition to forensic and legal medicine, DNA fingerprinting can be used in both basic research and clinical examination of obstetrics and gynecology. The RFLP bands in DNA fingerprinting are inherited as single Mendelian co-dominants and we can use such minisatellite DNA probe for the determination of zygosity in multiple pregnancy. This probe can be used for the determination of androgenesis as a cause of complete hydatidiform mole. Each polymorphic band in molar tissues could be identified as being of paternal but not maternal origin. Some polymorphic bands of paternal origin were not observed in molar tissues, indicating that endoreduplication of a normal haploid sperm or fertilization by dispermy to an anuclear oocyte with no effective genome could be the cause of complete hydatidiform mole (androgenesis).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗

PubMed1995

DNA fingerprinting and forensic medicine.

In forensic medicine, DNA fingerprinting for identification is becoming a necessary procedure. A method to radiolabel M13 DNA probe by primer extension using a specific oligonucleotide primer was developed. The method specifically labeled the two 15 bp repeats in M13 DNA which hybridize to target DNA giving rise to DNA fingerprinting patterns. The M13 probe labeled by this method has proven useful for individual identification, paternity testing and monitoring reconstitution in bone marrow transplantation. The genetic locus D1S80 and D17S30 containing a variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) have also been successfully amplified from human genomic DNA isolated from blood (50 ng from each sample) by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using oligonucleotide primers complementary to the flanking sequences as primers for amplification. DNA bands were detected by ethidium bromide staining after electrophoresis on agarose gels. Analysis of this VNTR locus was thus achieved without the need for Southern blot or radioactive material. The small size of the DNA fragments produced in the PCR amplification permited good resolution of individual alleles. The precise specification of the number of tandem repeats present in each allelic fragment was reproducible from one analysis to another.

Base Sequence↗

PubMed1992

DNA fingerprinting of Trypanosoma cruzi: a new tool for characterization of strains and clones.

Using nonradioactive hybridization, the human multilocus probe 33.15 was shown to recognize multiple minisatellite regions in nuclear DNA from Trypanosoma cruzi, producing complex banding patterns on Southern blots, typical of DNA fingerprints. The DNA fingerprints were stable and were capable of identifying different strains of the parasite. Individual clones of the Y strain showed different banding patterns, demonstrating that the strain is heterogeneous. In general, the sensitivity and specificity of DNA fingerprinting was similar to that obtained with kinetoplast DNA restriction analysis. However, it has the advantages of being technically simple and of studying nuclear rather than mitochondrial DNA. Thus, it is a useful new tool for the characterization and study of strains and clones of Trypanosoma cruzi.

Animals↗

PubMed1997

DNA fingerprinting with two probes decreases clustering of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

DNA fingerprinting of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is used to study the epidemiology of tuberculosis, but the specificity of the widely used IS6110 technique has not been validated. Isolates from Denver, Colorado from December 1988 through June 1994 were fingerprinted with the IS6110 technique. Available records were reviewed for patients whose isolates were within IS6110-defined clusters, and these isolates were fingerprinted with an independent technique (pTBN12). Of 189 isolates, 86 (46%) were in IS6110-defined clusters. Clustering was inversely related to the number of copies of IS6110, ranging from 12 of 12 (100%) to 37 of 48 (77%) and 37 of 129 (29%) for isolates having one, two to five, and more than five copies (p < 0.001). Of the 86 isolates clustered with the IS6110 technique, 35 (41%) had unique pTBN12 fingerprints. Discordant results with the two fingerprinting techniques were more common among isolates having five or fewer copies of IS6110. Epidemiologic links were identified among four of 35 (11%) patients whose isolates had discordant fingerprinting results, as compared with 40 of 51 (78%) of those whose isolates matched by both IS6110 and pTBN12. DNA fingerprinting with the IS6110 technique was not a specific marker of DNA clonality, particularly among isolates having fewer than five copies of IS6110. The use of a supplemental DNA fingerprinting technique decreased clustering and improved the correlation between the transmission links predicted by molecular techniques and epidemiologic investigation.

Cluster Analysis↗

PubMed1989

Variability of DNA fingerprint in a Japanese population.

To estimate the forensic usefulness of the DNA fingerprint produced by a synthesized minisatellite probe "Myo", the variability of the DNA fingerprint was examined in a Japanese population. Pairwise comparisons of the fragments in the DNA fingerprints showed that 15 fragments on average longer than 4.4 kilobases with a mean fragment sharing probability of 0.19 appeared in a typical DNA fingerprint and the distribution of matches of the fragments was found to be binominal. Therefore, the probability of chance association between random individuals can be calculated to (0.19)15 = 1.5 x 10(-11). It seems reasonable to conclude that the DNA fingerprint is completely individual-specific.

DNA↗

PubMed1991

Ribosomal DNA fingerprinting of Listeria monocytogenes using a digoxigenin-labeled DNA probe.

A nonisotopic ribosomal DNA fingerprinting technique was developed for the characterization of Listeria monocytogenes. Plasmid pKK3535 (a pBR322-derived plasmid containing rrnB ribosomal RNA operon of Escherichia coli) was labeled with digoxigenin-11-dUTP by random priming and used to probe EcoRI fragments of L. monocytogenes chromosomal DNA on nylon filters. The method was successfully applied to the characterization of two sets of patient and food isolates of L. monocytogenes.

DNA Fingerprinting↗

PubMed2002

DNA fingerprinting of sister blastomeres from human IVF embryos.

BACKGROUND: Previously published single cell DNA fingerprinting systems have been plagued by high rates of allele drop-out (ADO) and preferential amplification (PA) preventing clinical application in preimplantation genetic diagnosis. METHODS: Tetranucleotide microsatellite markers with high heterozygosity, known allelic size ranges and minimal PCR stutter artefacts were selected for chromosomes X, 13, 18 and 21 and optimized in a multiplex fluorescent (FL)-PCR format. FL-PCR products were analysed using the ABI Prism 377 DNA sequenator and Genescan software. Validation of the DNA fingerprinting system was performed on single diploid (n = 50) and aneuploid (n = 25) buccal cells and embryonic blastomeres (n = 21). RESULTS: The optimized pentaplex PCR DNA fingerprinting system displayed a high proportion of successful amplifications (>91%) and low ADO and PA (<6%) when assessed on 50 human buccal cells. DNA fingerprints of single cells from a subject with Down's syndrome detected the expected tri-allelic pattern for the chromosome 21 marker, confirming trisomy 21. In a blind study on 21 single blastomeres, all embryos were identifiable by their unique DNA fingerprints and shared parental alleles. CONCLUSIONS: A highly specific multiplex FL-PCR based on the amplification of five highly polymorphic microsatellite markers was developed for single cells. This finding paves the way for the development of a more complex PCR DNA fingerprinting system to assess aneuploidy and single gene mutations in IVF embryos from couples at genetic risk.

Alleles↗

PubMed1992

[The study of DNA fingerprint using probe directly labelled with horseradish peroxidase and enhanced chemiluminescence in forensic science application].

We describe here the technique of DNA probe directly labelled with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and enhanced chemiluminescence (ECL) detection for determining DNA fingerprints. The patterns of DNA fingerprint were clear and with high distinction. The sensitivity of DNA fingerprint was 0.8 microgram, similar to the method of 32P labelling. The DNA fingerprints of 150 unrelated individuals were studied and showed that the probability of chance association of DNA fragments between random individuals was 3.7 x 10(-14). The method is stable, simple and quick, and can be used in individual identification and paternity test.

DNA Fingerprinting↗

PubMed2002

DNA fingerprinting of Cannabis sativa using inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) amplification.

Chemical analysis of cannabinoid, and Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) fingerprinting of DNA were used to identify different samples of Cannabis sativa L. for forensic purposes. Three samples were classified into two types, tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) chemo-types, by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The two samples of the CBD type were not distinguished by their HPLC patterns. ISSR fingerprinting identified polymorphic DNA patterns between these samples. ISSR fingerprinting clearly differentiated between cannabis samples that could not be achieved by HPLC analysis.

Cannabidiol↗

PubMed1994

DNA fingerprinting analysis of radiation-induced rat skin tumors.

DNA fingerprinting analysis was performed on rat skin tumors induced by high linear energy transfer neon ion radiation. Most of these tumors (13/15) showed DNA-fingerprint variability between independently isolated tumors from the same animal. These changes include multiple band shifts and extra bands. Comparisons of DNA fingerprints were also made on successive biopsy samples from the same tumor. Each of 3 neon-induced tumors and 2 of 8 electron (low LET) induced tumors showed progressive loss of amplified sequences, gain of amplified sequences, deletions, band shifts, and the appearance of extra bands in progressive biopsies. These results provide evidence for LET-specific effects on genomic instability in radiation-induced rat skin tumors.

Animals↗

PubMed1993

[DNA fingerprint method of the cultured cells].

DNA fingerprint method is very available not only to examine the cross-contamination of cultured cell lines and their origins and but to know the somatic mutation frequency in the cultured cells by exposure of radiation and chemicals. The method for DNA fingerprint was grouped in the following four types in term of probe; multilocus minisatellite probe, simple sequence repeat probe, locus specific minisatellite probe and repeat unit sequence variation in minisatellites.

Cell Line↗

PubMed1993

DNA fingerprinting from tissues after variable postmortem periods.

DNA typing is a useful tool in forensic cases for determining the identity of remains of humans who have been dead for various periods of time. DNA fingerprinting can be achieved only if high molecular weight DNA (HMWDNA) is extracted from the tissue samples of the bodies even after a long postmortem delay. Analyses were performed on various tissues collected during forensic autopsies of 24 bodies known postmortem ages. Tissues such as blood and kidney were found to be unsuitable for DNA fingerprinting because of a rapid degradation of the DNA after a period of one week. HMWDNA could be successfully extracted from brain cortex regardless of postmortem age.

DNA Fingerprinting↗

PubMedDate not supplied

DNA bioprints: simple nonisotopic DNA fingerprints with biotinylated probes.

The discovery of multilocal DNA fingerprinting represented a revolution in criminal identification and paternity testing. However, for routine use in clinical laboratories, the standard DNA fingerprint methodology is too complex. We have been successful in the development of a simplified DNA nonisotopic fingerprinting system using biotin-labeled probes which we have called DNA bioprints. To achieve this we explored three main technical features: utilization of biotinylated nonradioactive probes as a simpler substitute for 32P-labeled probes, utilization of oligonucleotide probes as a simpler substitute for recombinant probes, and direct hybridization in the dried agarose gel as a simpler substitute for Southern blots. In this article we review our results in the development of DNA bioprints.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed1995

Features of the DNA fingerprinting probe pITZ1.

Stringently controlled plasmids generate DNA fingerprint patterns in mammals when used at low hybridization temperatures. In order to develop a probe for use in paternity testing in cattle we screened a bovine, partial genomic plasmid library with the PCR-amplified ori region of plasmid P1. Of eight isolated clones one generated strong band patterns at high stringency in various mammalian species (data not shown). Sequence analysis revealed an imperfect, compound dinucleotide repeat region, which was PCR-amplified and cloned into the plasmid vector pUC19. Fingerprint results generated by this probe (termed pITZ1) in cattle are compared with the results generated by VNTR-probe pV47, which itself was developed by screening a human chromosome 16 library with tandem repeats of bacteriophage M13. Probe pITZ1 is useful in conjunction with other VNTR-probes for DNA fingerprinting in cattle and donkey populations. The dinucleotide repeat region responsible for the band patterns generated with pITZ1 is close to an Alu-like sequence, which may be involved in eukaryotic replication mechanisms.

Animals↗