SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Demographers--changes”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources

PubMed1989

Impact of public health on human genetics.

It is often thought that the incidence of genetic disease is rising, because improved medical care is increasing the survival, and therefore the cumulative number of affected people. This examination of the genetic implications of recent demographic change in Europe suggests that the incidence of genetic disease is in fact falling, for several reasons, most of which are indirect consequences of improved primary care. There seems to be no evidence that improved care for the handicapped will have long-term deleterious effects on the human gene pool.

Consanguinity↗

PubMed1989

Stability and change in an urban homeless population.

Few studies have produced the over-time observational data needed to draw valid conclusions about changes in urban homeless populations during the 1980s. One place for which such data exist is Nashville, Tennessee. An ongoing series of enumerations lends little support to Nashvillians' perception that the number of homeless in their city is growing rapidly. Enumeration results also (1) contradict expectations regarding the rise of "new homeless" groups and (2) show two types of spatial redistribution--from indoor to outdoor and core to peripheral locations--to be under way. The applicability of the enumeration methodology to other communities is discussed, as are the discrepancies between purported and measured demographic changes in homelessness.

Demography↗

PubMed1989

Home care nursing: professional and political issues.

Concern for quality, cost, and access dominate the health care system in the eighties. State and national actions, demographic changes, and technological advances are converging to create many changes in the home care delivery system. Knowledgeable nurses can influence the evolution of home care services to assure that patients receive appropriate acute and long term home care services. Concern for quality care, changing patient needs, and availability of care are the major issues facing home care nursing in the eighties, and will continue to be into the nineties. Reimbursement policies of third party payers, medicare/medicaid regulations, state licensing, employer benefit programs, state health programs, home health care providers, professional/trade associations, and consumer advocacy groups are some of the key forces reshaping the practice of home health nurses. Knowledge of these factors will enable nurses to influence effectively the design of institutional and governmental policies which affect the care nurses deliver to patients at home.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗

PubMed1989

[Clinico-statistical study of inpatients and autopsied cases in our clinic].

The statistics of clinical observation at Department of Internal Medicine, Nippon Dental University at Niigata from July 1981 to December 1987 (duration 6.5 years) were as follows: Total number of inpatients: 1,238, Total number of death cases: 106. Findings include: 1) Ratio of male patients to female patients 1.34:1.00. Male deceased patients to female deceased patients 1.52:1.00. 2) Average patients number hospitalized per year was 200. The high percentaged of certain advanced aged groups was reflected by the recent demographic changes in the society in general.; in their 60's 46.0%, in their 70's 24.3%, in their 80's 6.7%. In these age groups, female number is tendency to increase the number of male. 3) The diseases of inpatients were mostly due to the digestive tract, which accounted for 60.4% of the total. Of this percentage, 65% was due to hepato-biliary diseases. 4) The death statistics of malignant tumor was 68.9%; Benign diseases being 31.1%. Male patients died from hepatocellar carcinoma, lung cancer, colon cancer and stomach cancer, in descending order. Females died from cancer of the biliary tract, stomach cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma, again, in descending order. 5) 71.7% of all deaths were caused by the digestive tract, in particular, hepatocellular carcinoma, cancer of the biliary tract, liver cirrhosis and primary biliary cirrhosis, all belonging primarily to the hepato-biliary disease group. 6) As a result of 58 autopsies performed for 106 death cases, 32 cases had complete autopsies and 26 cases had partial organ punctures.

Aged↗

PubMed1986

[Handicapped patients in a changing world and rehabilitation concerns].

Rehabilitation medicine is considered one of the most important coordinating disciplines of modern medical intervention. It is the answer to the omissions of medicine in the past in that it turns explicitly toward the consequences of diseases for the quality of life. The social and philosophical movements which have strongly influenced the development of comprehensive medicine are globally outlined. These movements, along with demographic changes, are viewed as the main contributive factors for the development of rehabilitation medicine as a methodologic practical mode of medical intervention, directed at the consequences of disease and trauma as expressed in the terms of impairment, disability, and handicap. The methodology of rehabilitation is outlined, with the rehabilitation medical diagnosis viewed as the indispensable prerequisite and basis for rehabilitation programming in cooperation with the disabled person himself.

Combined Modality Therapy↗

PubMed1988

The role of the family and state in old-age support: the Swedish experience up to 1913.

This paper presents the Swedish experience of caring for the old prior to the welfare state, and focusses on the State's effort to place the responsibility for the aged on the children and kin. If old people were poor and without kin the congregation, e.g. the local community, were responsible for their care and support. The hospitals were built for other groups in society and only the poorhouses were open to the elderly. Pressure on the local community was strongly increased by demographic changes at the turn of the century and the Riksdag was able to unite in passing a law for a State-administered People's Pension 1913.

Aged↗

PubMed1987

Black demographic trends in the 1980s.

Most of the black demographic trends witnessed in the 1970s have continued during the first half of the 1980s, but the pace of demographic change has slowed in some areas and quickened in others. A short summarization of the major trends is provided below; 1. The black population is growing faster than the white population and blacks are becoming a larger share of the total population. 2. Blacks continue to move out of the North and into the South and West. 3. Blacks continue to move out of central cities into suburbs, but blacks are not moving out of central cities as fast as whites and central city populations are becoming increasingly black. 4. The growth rates of preschool-age blacks increased in the 1980s, but the growth rates of the school age and young adult populations declined. 5. The fertility rates of blacks continued to fall and to approach convergence with those of whites, although there still is a significant gap between black and white fertility rates. 6. Teen birthrates for unmarried blacks continued to fall during the first half of the 1980s. 7. Life expectancy for blacks continued to increase during the 1980s, but at a somewhat slower pace than seen during the 1970s. 8. The share of black children living in single parent families continued to grow during the 1980s at a faster rate than seen during the 1970s. 9. The share of black children living with a never-married parent grew much more rapidly in the 1980s than in the 1970s.

Black or African American↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Phenomenology and psychodynamics of suicidal acts by the elderly].

Worldwide demographic changes will be clearly accompanied by a growing percentage in the world population of human beings in advanced age. People above 64 years will account for 6.6 per cent in the year 2000 and for 9.3 per cent in 2025. Reference is made, in this context, to an expected rise in the incidence of psychic disorders. Old-age suicidality was studied against that background. Special interviews were made with all patients (n = 141) admitted for abortive suicide to the Geropsychiatric Department of Berlin, between 1973 and 1982, with the view to clearing up the phenomenology and psychodynamics of their action. Eighteen women and ten men attempted suicide in a state of paranoid-hallucinative psychosis. Generally known endogenic psychoses were not present. The remaining suicidal attempts were made in the wake of depression primarily for exogenic causes, such as lack of contact and conflict situations, or physical diseases accompanied by severe complaints. Socalled "tough" and "soft" methods had been almost equally used by either sex. The analysis provided relevant information conductive to an expansion of complex attention to aged citizens. Effective action should be taken, in the first place, to cope with their loneliness syndromes.

Aged↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Homes for the aged and nursing homes in North Rhine-Westphalia].

In the last hundred years demographic change has altered the age composition of the overall population. In particular there was a marked rise in the number of older people (65 years and over). In Germany the proportion of the total population aged 65 years and over increased from 4.6% in 1871 to 15.1% in 1977. The current demographic-geographical situation of the proportion of the aged, homes for the aged and nursing homes in the different districts of North Rhine-Westphalia is presented. Since 1979 there has been an increase of 17,122 in the number of beds available in nursing homes. In North Rhine-Westphalia a total of 49,536 beds in nursing homes were available on 1.9.84, i.e. 2.08 beds per 100 aged (65 years and over), while the intended index is 2.3 beds per 100 aged. The number of places in homes for old people was 58,236 on 1.9.84, i.e. 2.45 places per 100 aged. The intended index (2.80 places per 100 aged) is nearly reached, although the regional differences are considerable.

Aged↗

PubMed1987

Education in geriatric medicine.

Geriatric medicine, the branch of general medicine concerned with the clinical, preventive, remedial and social aspects of illness in the elderly and with the maintenance of their health became of importance with the advent of the British National Health Service which uncovered an immense amount of illness among older people. This and the future demographic changes prompted the teaching of medical students gerontology i.e., the study of the ageing process and geriatric medicine. Attempts at preventing illness and at diagnosing disease early were made to try to maintain and, where possible, to improve the health of older people by such methods as motivation, pre-retirement training and early ascertainment of illness. Symptoms of disease change with advancing age and diagnosis becomes difficult due to atypical and insidious symptomatology while the common occurrence of multiple pathology can unfortunately encourage polypharmacy. Specialised instruction in geriatric medicine is thus desirable and the recommendation is made that every medical school should create an academic unit in this subject to provide undergraduate and postgraduate teaching about the process of ageing and the clinical problems of older people with additional instruction on the general management of the elderly both in their own homes and in the essential and varied institutional settings. As well as medical students many other groups such as nurses, paramedicals, social workers and all those who care for the elderly benefit from training.

Curriculum↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Making a difference--women, medicine, and the twenty-first century.

Women can and should make a difference in how medical care is given in the future. The increased number of women physicians presents an opportunity to make a significant impact on the quality of medical care. Data is provided on the number of women applicants to medical school, matriculants and graduates, specialty choices, the status of women in academic medicine, and the income of women physicians. Four aspects of the environment that portend important changes for medicine in the future are identified: scientific developments, alternative delivery systems and the corporate practice of medicine, the aging population and other demographic changes, and the expanding number of physicians. Some of these changes suggest opportunities for making a difference in the traditional specialties of medicine, in providing care to underserved populations, in research careers, in the shortage areas of preventive medicine and public health, occupational medicine, child psychiatry, and physical medicine and rehabilitation, and in new areas such as community pediatrics, behavioral pediatrics, and adolescent medicine. There are many choices and many decisions to be made, and each individual can choose to make a difference.

Adult↗

PubMed1986

Aging in America: a demographic perspective.

This century has seen an enormous growth in the population aged 65 years and older. Future projections indicate that there will be increases in both the number of older persons and the proportion of the total population that is elderly. In this article, population characteristics and mortality and morbidity patterns are discussed. Consideration is given to the present and future impact that demographic changes in the elderly will have on health care utilization and expenditures.

Aged↗

PubMed1986

Age patterns of women at marriage, cohabitation, and first birth in India.

The purpose of this paper has been to examine the age patterns of Indian women at marriage, cohabitation, and first birth. This task is complicated by features of the Indian marriage institution that differentiate it from the institution of marriage in Western cultures. It is also complicated by the diversity of Indian marriage customs and by the possibility that Indian marriage patterns have changed over time. Nevertheless, our analysis of survey data for two districts in south central India support the following conclusions: Marriage and childbearing have been and continue to be universal. The timing of marriage and childbearing, which showed only a small increase over a fairly long period of time, appears more recently to be undergoing some changes in the direction of longer delays. The significant rural-urban differences in marriage and fertility timing are at least partly the result of the greater impact of education on age at marriage, cohabitation, and first birth in urban areas than in rural areas. Observed characteristics such as religion and education explain more variation in women's marriage and fertility timing in urban areas than in rural areas (i.e., education seems to generate new social norms that tend to displace norms derived from tradition. The incidence of childhood marriages and two-stage marriages has been on the decline, causing the small but noticeable rise in age at marriage to exceed somewhat the increase in age at cohabitation. Age patterns of marriage in India do not closely resemble Western patterns, although age patterns of cohabitation and first birth do. And socioeconomic variables appear to explain less variation in marriage and fertility timing within local communities than across communities. Most important, the results highlight the need for more recent and richer data on marriage and fertility behavior in India. In particular, they strongly suggest that marriage patterns in India are now in the midst of major changes. This conclusion is similar to that reached by Caldwell, Reddy, and Caldwell (1983), who adopted a more qualitative approach to analyzing marriage change than ours, but whose observations are also more recent than ours. Through the collection and analysis of more recent and geographically widespread data, we can begin to assess more fully the nature and magnitude of the demographic changes under way and speculate on their implications for population growth, economic development, and the formulation of public policy in India.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Adolescent↗

PubMed1985

[Can the family continue to guarantee the rights of children?].

The legal position of children is based essentially on the assumption that the family can always safeguard the child's welfare in confrontations with a third party. Therefore children have not been granted autonomous legal status; their interests are protected by the term "the child's best interest", which although incorporated into law is not defined. In recent years more attention has been paid to the legal status of children, and a certain amount of autonomy has been granted, although not without contest. This tendency is an expression of a change in family structure, which until recently conformed to the ideal of the nineteenth century bourgeois family. Our own limited investigations show, in addition to already well known demographic changes, that in the course of our century young children have become more and more limited in their opportunities to form strong emotional bonds. Only since then has the dual bond of early childhood been recognized as being of primary importance. The family is becoming increasingly inadequate. Children are therefore increasingly endangered by the death or divorce of their parents. As a result it is essential that better legal provision be made to ensure that they are regarded as autonomous individuals.

Child↗

PubMed1979

Health implications of increased coal use in the Western States.

The National Energy Plan proposed by President Carter provides for the rapid development of coal resources in the United States, particularly in the West. The potential consequences for health of this development were considered by the Advisory Committee on Health and Environmental Effects of Increased Coal Utilization, reporting to the Department of Energy. Their report recommended rigid adherence to pertinent existing regulations, improved environmental monitoring, expanded research in selected relevant topics and development of procedures for selecting the sites of new coal-fired power plants. Although the report was a major exercise in technology assessment, it is fundamentally a cautious document that proposes no new solutions or approaches. A review of occupational and community health problems associated with coal mining and coal utilization suggests that lessons from past experiences, especially in Appalachia, cannot be applied to the West uncritically. The two regions are fundamentally different in scale, topography and social development. In the West, future problems related to coal are likely to derive from unknown risks associated with coal processing technologies, land reclamation and water quality at the sites of power generation, and extensive social and demographic changes at centers of industrial activity that may have secondary effects on health. Additional considerations should supplement the recommendations of the Advisory Committee report.

Coal↗

PubMed1983

More doctors: what will they cost? Physician income as supply expands.

During the 1970s, expenditure for physicians' services rose by $12.7 billion (in 1979 dollars), but only about one fifty of this amount could be attributed to an increase in number of physicians relative to population. Other factors, chiefly demographic changes and greater insurance coverage, were responsible for the bulk of higher expenditures. Despite the growth in number of physicians, real income of individual physicians remained virtually constant. Maintenance of real income was not, however, appreciably dependent on physicians inducing an unwarranted demand for their services. We predict that as the physician supply expands by 25% to 35% during the 1980s, real payments to physicians will increase by some $14 to $20 billion (1979) dollars. As in the past decade, however, only about one fifth of the amount will be attributable to an increase in physician supply. Gross income of individual physicians is likely to ri se by 10% to 15% (in 1979 dollars) over the decade, but net income probably will show little increase or may even fall slightly.

Fees, Medical↗

PubMed1983

A teaching framework for cross-cultural health care. Application in family practice.

Significant demographic changes in patient populations have contributed to an increasing awareness of the impact of cultural diversity on the provision of health care. For this reason methods are being developed to improve the cultural sensitivity of persons responsible for giving health care to patients whose health beliefs may be at variance with biomedical models. Building on methods of elicitation suggested in the literature, we have developed a set of guidelines within a framework called the LEARN model. Health care providers who have been exposed to this educational framework and have incorporated this model into the normal structure of the therapeutic encounter have been able to improve communication, heighten awareness of cultural issues in medical care and obtain better patient acceptance of treatment plans. The emphasis of this teaching model is not on the dissemination of particular cultural information, though this too is helpful. The primary focus is rather on a suggested process for improved communication, which we see as the fundamental need in cross-cultural patient-physician interactions.

Adult↗

PubMed1983

Use of age cutoff policies for adolescents in pediatric practice: report from the Upper Midwest Regional Physician Survey.

Increased pediatric participation in the health and medical care of adolescents has been encouraged over the last several years, both through the redefinition of the age range of pediatric practice by the American Academy of Pediatrics, and by the 1978 Task Force Report on Pediatric Education. Whereas the Task Force Report enunciated a framework for pediatric leadership in adolescent medicine, little is known about the extent to which adolescents are actually included in pediatric practice. Based upon the findings of the 1980-1981 Upper Midwest Regional Physician Survey, the use of age "cutoff" policies for adolescents is explored. The various types of such policies are examined, in addition to reasons for their use and non-use, the characteristics of pediatricians who include and exclude adolescents from their practice, exceptions made to adolescent age limits, differential enforcement by patient and physician gender, and anticipated changes in cutoff policies in light of projected demographic changes for infants, children and youth, and physician supply.

Adolescent↗