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PubMed1998

College students' binge drinking at a beach-front destination during spring break.

Four hundred forty-two women and 341 men were surveyed at Panama City Beach, Florida, to assess the effects of gender, age, fraternity or sorority membership, and travel motivation on alcohol consumption and binge drinking during spring break. The mean number of drinks consumed the previous day was 18 for men and 10 for women; 91.7% of the men and 78.1% of the women had participated in a binge-drinking episode during the previous day. Respondents less than 21 years old consumed less alcohol and reported significantly lower frequencies of intoxication than those over 21. The men's reported levels of alcohol consumption, binge drinking, and intoxication to the point of sickness were significantly higher than the women's, but fraternity or sorority membership was not associated with higher levels of consumption. Students motivated to visit the specific destination because of its "party" reputation consumed significantly more alcohol than students who cited other reasons for going there.

Adult↗

PubMed1978

Passage of serum-destined proteins through the Golgi apparatus of rat liver. An examination of heavy and light Golgi fractions.

The participation of hepatic Golgi apparatus in the intracellular transport of blood-destined proteins has been analyzed using Golgi fractions enriched in cis and trans components of the Golgi apparatus. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the liver Golgi fractions showed several proteins corresponding in relative proportions and mobilities with serum proteins. After a pulse injection of labeled leucine, the secretory content of the cis Golgi fraction was labeled earlier than the trans Golgi fraction. Taken together, the results show the participation of the liver Golgi apparatus in the secretion of most of the serum proteins and provide documentation for a sequential progression of secretory protein through the cis and trans components of the Golgi apparatus.

Animals↗

PubMed1982

Evidence that all newly synthesized proteins destined for fast axonal transport pass through the Golgi apparatus.

Effects of the sodium ionophore, monensin, were examined on the passage from neuronal cell body to axon of materials undergoing fast intracellular transport. In vitro exposure of bullfrog dorsal root ganglia to concentrations of drug less than 1.0 micron led to a dose-dependent depression in the amount of fast-transported [3H]leucine- or [3H]glycerol-labeled material appearing in the nerve trunk. Incorporation of either precursor was unaffected. Exposure of a desheathed nerve trunk to similar concentrations of monensin, while ganglia were incubated in drug-free medium, had no effect on transport. With [3H]fucose as precursor, fast transport of labeled glycoproteins was depressed to the same extent as with [3H]leucine; synthesis, again, was unaffected. By contrast, with [3H]galactose as precursor, an apparent reduction in transport of labeled glycoproteins was accounted for by a marked depression in incorporation. The inference from these findings, that monensin acts to block fast transport at the level of the Golgi apparatus, was supported by ultrastructural examination of the drug-treated neurons. An extensive and selective disruption of Golgi saccules was observed, accompanied by an accumulation of clumped smooth membranous cisternae. Quantitative analyses of 48 individual fast-transported protein species, after separation by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, revealed that monensin depresses all proteins to a similar extent. These results indicate that passage through the Golgi apparatus is an obligatory step in the intracellular routing of materials destined for fast axonal transport.

Animals↗

PubMed2004

Preferential origin and layer destination of GAD65-GFP cortical interneurons.

To identify the origin and track the migratory pathway of specific subpopulations of GABAergic interneurons, we studied tangential migration in a recently developed GAD65-GFP transgenic mouse strain. First, we used immunohistochemical methods to characterize the expression of specific neurochemical markers in the GAD65-GFP neurons. Then, organotypic cultures were used in combination with birth-dating studies to determine the time of generation, place of origin and migratory route of these cells. From E14 to E15, the highest density of GAD65-GFP cells was seen in the lower intermediate zone; however, at later stages more GAD65-GFP cells were observed in the subventricular zone. Migratory GAD65-GFP cells express GAD65, but not calretinin or reelin. Surprisingly, only 4% were calbindin immunopositive. At P21, GAD65-GFP cells were found predominantly in layers II-III and expressed calretinin and neuropeptide Y. Remarkably, almost all cholecystokinin-positive but very few parvalbumin-positive neurons expressed GFP. In vitro studies demonstrated that the caudal ganglionic eminence gives rise to a large proportion of GAD65-GFP interneurons and in vivo birth-dating experiments showed that GAD65-GFP interneurons in supragranular layers are born at late embryonic development. Taken together these results support the idea that the destination layer of GABAergic interneurons is closely linked to their place of origin and time of generation.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

In vitro prostaglandin production by bovine corpora lutea destined to be normal or short-lived.

Basal and calcium ionophore (CaI)-influenced production of prostaglandins (PGs) by corpora lutea (CL) destined to be normal or short-lived were compared. Ovulation was induced in 24 lactating beef cows with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG, 1000 IU) administered between 35 and 40 days postpartum. Ten cows received norgestomet implants for 9 days prior to induced ovulation (Normal CL) and 14 served as untreated controls (Subnormal CL). Five cows in each treatment were unilaterally ovariectomized on Day 6 (Day 0 = day of hCG administration) and CL were collected. Blood samples were collected daily through-out the experimental period from cows not ovariectomized. Plasma progesterone (P4) in ovary-intact animals indicated that short-lived CL were induced in 8/8 cows not pretreated with norgestomet, and normal luteal lifespan was observed in 4/5 implanted cows. Dispersed luteal cells were incubated for 8 h with 0, 0.05, 0.5, or 5 microM CaI (A23187). Incubation media were analyzed for P4, PGF2 alpha, 6-keto-PGF1 alpha (PGI), and PGE2. The weight, cell number, and basal or CaI-influenced production of P4 did not differ between Normal CL and Subnormal CL. Basal production of PGF2 alpha, PGI, and PGE2 was higher in Subnormal CL than in Normal CL (p less than 0.05). In response to 0.05 microM CaI, PGF2 alpha was stimulated in Subnormal CL (p less than 0.01), while PGI (p less than 0.05) and PGE2 (p less than 0.1) were increased in Normal CL. Production of PGs was reduced by 5 microM CaI in Subnormal CL (p less than 0.01), but not in Normal CL.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha↗

PubMed2002

Sunbathing intentions in Irish people travelling to Mediterranean summer holiday destinations.

As exposure to UV light is thought to be the most significant environmental and behavioural risk factor for avoiding skin cancer, we have analysed the sunbathing intentions and attitudes of Irish people travelling to Mediterranean and Iberian holiday destinations. Ninety per cent of respondents planned to get a suntan on their vacation with 44% likely to burn their skin in the process. Although all intended to apply sun cream on holiday only 40% would apply >SPF 15. Sixty-four per cent planned to sunbathe between 11.00 am and 3.00 pm, with 25% intending to spend <5 hours in the sun. One-third of those intending to sunbathe for >6 hours per day were aged between 16 and 24 years. Approximately eight out of 10 people thought suntans made them feel healthier or attractive. Fifty-six per cent regularly checked their moles but men were less likely to check their skin for pigment changes. The results provide baseline information on sunbathing attitudes of Irish people. They show that while most people feel they adopt a careful approach to sunbathing, the experiences and intentions, especially in younger people, are influenced by the desirability of a suntan, and reflect a behaviour that increases their risk of skin cancer.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2003

Left ventricular assist devices as destination therapy.

Although an estimated 16,500 Americans annually could benefit from a heart transplant, in 1999 only 2184 heart transplants were performed in the United States. These statistics emphasize the severity of the shortage of available hearts for transplantation. Circulatory support provided by an implantable Left Ventricular Assist Device (LVAD) that meets Food and Drug Administration approval as destination therapy is a promising alternative that impacts patient survival. As medical technology creates smaller implantable battery-powered circulatory assist devices that allow patients to safely live independently in the community, nursing's role must change in response. Long-term LVAD patients require strategic, anticipatory planning for extended care and emergency preparedness for mechanical support. Therefore, practitioners must familiarize themselves with these devices as they care for larger numbers of patients with implanted LVADs who require assessment and treatment of noncardiac problems during their lengthened lifespan.

Heart-Assist Devices↗

PubMed2006

Prognostic factors of activity limitation and discharge destination after stroke rehabilitation.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to identify predictive variables related to activity limitation and home destination of a large sample of first-time stroke patients at discharge from a rehabilitation hospital. DESIGN: A multicenter observational study was conducted among 1023 first-time stroke patients who were admitted to 18 different Italian inpatient rehabilitation centers between February 1999 and November 2000. Only 997 patients were considered eligible. At admission, sociodemographic and clinical data were considered as independent variables. The outcome measures evaluated the ability to become functionally independent (independence gain [Barthel Index score > or =18]) at discharge and home return. RESULTS: The study data suggest that independence gain is associated with an earlier rehabilitation intervention, being male, and low or absent cognitive deficit. Home return is associated with no indwelling bladder catheterization, no dysphagia, and living with a companion (roommate or family member) before the stroke. CONCLUSIONS: In postacute stroke rehabilitation, level of cognitive impairment, bladder dysfunction and dysphagia, early diagnosis and treatment, early rehabilitation intervention, and living status (whether the person was residing with a companion before the stroke) are important criteria for outcome measurement at the time of admission. These previous characteristics will most certainly provide clinicians with useful information during the acute phase.

Activities of Daily Living↗

PubMed1999

Uncertain destination dynamics.

Certain dynamical systems exhibit a sensitivity to initial conditions in which the asymptotic state is selected from an infinite number of possible states. The phase space of such systems is foliated with "attractors," each of which is associated with a particular set of initial conditions. The associated uncertain destination dynamics can be analyzed by an appropriate reduction of the full system to a subsystem that explicitly yields the dynamics.

Journal Article↗

PubMed2000

Steering an eigenstate to a destination

The control of time evolution of a quantum state under various physical constraints is investigated and solved in the context of a two-level system. We have discovered a general scheme of steering an eigenenergy state to a destination without net nonadiabatic transitions, and we discuss how the result may be tested and utilized in practice.

Journal Article↗

PubMed2004

Nursing education and implications for left ventricular assist device destination therapy.

The HeartMate VE Left Ventricular Assist Device (vented electric abdominally positioned pulsatile blood pump; Thoratec Corp., Pleasanton, CA), approved as a permanent support, or destination therapy, by the US Food and Drug Administration in 2002 and Medicare in 2003, is now a potential therapy for numerous patients. Postimplantation nursing care is crucial to the success of left ventricular support device therapy and long-term recipient outcome. Nurses also contribute to cost containment, making this a viable treatment for the facility and the patient. Consequently, nurses must be educated about left ventricular assist device concepts and challenges, the benefits of device placement, intensive care unit and postintensive care unit daily care requirements, and outpatient preparation. This knowledge will enable nurses to provide necessary care and to educate recipients, families, and community health care providers on how to give appropriate posthospital care.

Certification↗

PubMed2005

Survival of E. coli O157:H7 in organic wastes destined for land application.

AIM: To determine the persistence of Escherichia coli O157 in contrasting organic wastes spread to land and to assess the potential environmental risk associated with the disposal of these wastes to land. METHODS AND RESULTS: Twenty-seven organic wastes originating from slaughterhouses, wastewater treatment plants (raw and treated sewage), creameries and farms (bovine slurry), were inoculated with E. coli O157:H7 and incubated at 10 degrees C. Although pathogen numbers gradually declined in all the wastes, albeit at different rates even in the same waste type, E. coli O157:H7 was still viable in 77% of organic wastes tested after 2 months. CONCLUSIONS: Long-term storage of organic wastes led to a significant and gradual decline in E. coli O157:H7 numbers. Consequently, storage may be a useful means of reducing the pathogen load of wastes destined for land application. However, in most cases, long-term storage cannot be expected to completely eliminate E. coli O157:H7 from waste. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Our results indicate that current legislation may be insufficient to protect the environment from E. coli O157:H7 contamination from untreated wastes spread to land.

Abattoirs↗

PubMed1984

Saccharomyces cerevisiae mating pheromones specifically inhibit the synthesis of proteins destined to be N-glycosylated.

alpha Factor specifically inhibits the synthesis of N-glycosylated proteins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae mating type a cells but not in alpha cells or in a/alpha diploids. a Factor has the same effect of alpha cells. The synthesis of O-glycosylated proteins is not inhibited. Although the mating pheromones act like a 'physiological tunicamycin', the mechanism of inhibition is different: not the glycosylation of proteins as such but rather the synthesis of those proteins destined to be N-glycosylated is inhibited. Thus none of a number of glycosylating enzymes tested in vitro is reduced in activity in alpha-factor-treated cells. The synthesis of the glycoprotein carboxypeptidase Y, on the other hand, is strongly inhibited by tunicamycin as well as by alpha factor; but only in the former case did carbohydrate-free protein accumulate in the cells. alpha Factor causes maximal inhibition of glycoprotein formation after as little as 30 min, long before all cells in the population are arrested in G1; moreover, release from this inhibition precedes the increase in budding index (resumption of cell division). It is postulated, therefore, that N-glycosylated proteins are required for the G1/S-phase transition in the yeast cell cycle. This is supported by previous reports that first cycle arrest in G1 occurs when (a) tunicamycin is added to growing cultures, and (b) a temperature-sensitive N-glycosylation mutant is shifted to its restrictive temperature.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Long-term destination therapy with the HeartMate XVE left ventricular assist device: improved outcomes since the REMATCH study.

The Randomized Evaluation of Mechanical Assistance for the Treatment of Congestive Heart Failure (REMATCH) trial demonstrated increased 1- and 2-year survival and improved quality of life for end-stage heart failure patients implanted with the HeartMate VE Left Ventricular Assist Device (LVAD) (Thoratec Corporation, Pleasanton, CA) compared with optimal medical management. This is the first report of Destination Therapy (DT) experience since REMATCH and incorporates improvements with the HeartMate XVE LVAD and patient management. Forty-two patients with end-stage heart failure at higher volume institutions were supported with the LVAD over a duration of 26.7 patient years (mean 232 days). Compared with REMATCH, DT patients had a 40% lower rate of death (0.49 vs. 0.84 deaths per patient year). Kaplan-Meier estimates of survival in the DT and REMATCH LVAD groups at 30 days were 90% and 81%, and at 1 year were 61% and 52%. The death rate due to sepsis was 8.3 times lower in DT patients (risk ratio, 0.12; 95% confidence interval, 0.02-0.90). DT patients were 2.1 times less likely to experience an adverse event (risk ratio, 0.47; 95% confidence interval, 0.35-0.63). These results demonstrate continued improvement with outcomes in long-term DT with LVADs. Given that these DT patients were similar to those in the REMATCH trial, the improved outcomes likely reflect improvements in the HeartMate XVE LVAD and experience with patient management.

Adult↗

PubMed1995

Rural emergency medical services: patients, destinations, times, and services.

This study sought to describe the volume of use, mix of patients, origin and destination of runs, times and distances to care, and the volume of clinical services provided in a rural emergency medical services region. This study summarizes all 6,080 rural emergency ambulance trip reports filed from April through September 1991 from the 12 rural counties surrounding Augusta, GA. Rural ambulances are regularly used and are used extensively by elderly populations. The pattern of services provided suggests that while advanced care may or may not have been indicated, it was rarely provided and that rural emergency medical service programs should consider a greater reliance on basic life support teams.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2004

Effect of mass medication with antibiotics at feedlot entry on the health and growth rate of cattle destined for the Australian domestic market.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the effectiveness of mass medication with long acting antibiotics at feedlot entry on lot-fed Australian domestic cattle during a period of high risk for bovine respiratory disease (BRD). DESIGN: Systematic allocation at feedlot entry of tilmicosin, long acting oxytetracycline or no antibiotic treatment, to cattle lot fed for the Australian domestic market. Comparisons of growth rate, disease occurrence and mortality were made between the groups at the conclusion of the feeding period. RESULTS: Cattle medicated with tilmicosin at 10 mg/kg body weight on entry to the feedlot grew 0.08 kg/d faster than cattle medicated with oxytetracycline at 20 mg/kg body weight and non-medicated cattle. There was no significant difference in growth rate between oxytetracycline medicated cattle and cattle not medicated with antibiotic at feedlot entry. Cattle medicated with tilmicosin at feedlot entry had 8 fewer cases of disease per 100 animals compared with cattle not medicated with antibiotic at feedlot entry. There was no significant difference in disease occurrence between oxytetracycline medicated cattle and those not medicated with antibiotic at feedlot entry. CONCLUSION: Mass medication with tilmicosin at feedlot entry of cattle destined for the Australian domestic market may be used to reduce disease occurrence and increase growth rate during periods of high risk for BRD.

Animals↗

PubMed1974

Effects of vagotomy, atropine, hexamethonium and adrenaline on the destination in the stomach of liquids sucked by milk-fed lambs and calves.

1. The normal passage to the abomasum of liquid sucked by lambs and calves was confirmed in radiographic studies to be changed to passage of liquid to the reticulum and rumen after cervical or abdominal vagotomy.2. The effects of hexamethonium (8-10 mg kg(-1) I.V.) were similar to those of vagotomy.3. Atropine (200-800 mug kg(-1) I.V.) had either no detectable effect on the destination in the stomach of liquid sucked by lambs or caused a partial failure of the reticular groove mechanism.4. Fluid sucked by lambs passed wholly to the abomasum after adrenaline (5-40 mug kg(-1) I.V.).5. Atropine and adrenaline caused a greater dysfunction of the reticular groove mechanisms in calves than in lambs.6. Contraction of the reticular groove was observed via rumen fistulae in three lambs. Eversion of the caudal oesophagus into the reticulum which occurred when saliva was swallowed into the reticulum and rumen was not observed when liquids were sucked from a bottle.7. The continued passage to the abomasum of sucked liquid in atropinized lambs has been taken as an indication of the importance of caudal oesophageal reactions, tonic activity of the reticular groove and the atropine-resistant vagally induced opening of the reticulo-omasal orifice in the reticular groove mechanism.

Abomasum↗

PubMed2006

Gateway-based destination vectors for functional analyses of bacterial ORFeomes: application to the Min system in Brucella abortus.

Twenty Gateway-compatible destination vectors were constructed. The vectors comprise fluorescent and epitope fusion tags, various drug markers, and replication origins that should make them useful for exploring existing microbial ORFeomes. In an attempt to validate several of these vectors, we observed polar and oscillating localization of MinD in Brucella abortus.

Brucella abortus↗