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PubMed1990

Medical informatics: an emerging medical discipline. Council on Scientific Affairs and Council on Long Range Planning and Development of the American Medical Association.

The use of computer technology in medicine is no longer the domain of only a few "gadget" happy high-tech aficionados. The rapid pace of medical progress and the increasing demands on physicians' time mandate that mechanisms be developed to deliver the tools of contemporary information management directly into the hands of all practicing physicians. It is with this intent that the Council on Long-range Planning and Development and the Council on Scientific Affairs of the American Medical Association have developed an informational report on Medical Informatics. The technology for producing information about medicine and patients is well into the information age. However, the technology for managing this information has not kept up, at least to the extent of being available in medical facilities where it is needed. Most users of medical information, physicians included, have not crossed the threshold into the electronic/computer era of information acquisition, distribution, and assimilation. The continuing development of the physician as computer user will create a more efficient work environment for the physician while at the same time improving patient care.

Databases, Bibliographic↗
PubMed1993

Chronic undernutrition and the young.

The problem of chronic undernutrition and its direct and indirect effects, especially in Africa are multi-faceted and integrated, and have roots in socio-economic, cultural, environmental, political, technological and other factors. In this scenario, the immediate victims are children, especially those under 5 years of age. There seems to be a vicious cycle of maternal malnutrition, infant death and high fertility as well as malnutrition, ill-health and low agricultural productivity in Africa. These make the situation serious and chronic. It means that the structures which bring about this problem need critical re-evaluation, particularly in terms of increased agricultural productivity, both in quantity and quality, and normal nutritional status. Increased production of staple and supplementary foods is now a widespread need in the African continent, as is population control. Experience has shown that nutrition is a complex and interacting phenomenon which is very much influenced by policies that affect socio-economic structures. Since the problem of hunger and malnutrition is a structural problem, nutrition may be regarded as an integral part of development planning. Higher priority may be given, therefore, to food and nutrition planning and their subsequent integration into national development plans, especially by taking into consideration the vulnerable groups which are the children in the population (Idusogie, 1977).

Africa↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Steps in planning and developing health communication campaigns: a comment on CDC's framework for health communication.

This reviews the efforts of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to integrate effective health communication into its programs that are designed to change behaviors. Although the 10-step framework for developing and implementing the Centers' health communication programs is both practical and comprehensive, it is suggested that a reversal of steps 2 and 3 is a more logical sequence, is more consistent with the literature and, more importantly, could avoid misapplications of the framework by less experienced practitioners. Comment is also made on the dynamic nature of health communication planning and development, a point not made explicit in the Centers' framework.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S.↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Community development theory. Planning a community nursing center.

The authors describe the use of community development theory to assess the need for a community-based, nurse-managed primary care clinic. A community development model provided the framework for citizen participation in identifying collective health needs of public housing residents. The model facilitated the following: 1) planning for delivery of culturally appropriate primary care services that respond to health needs perceived by community residents; 2) ensuring acceptability and use of services; and 3) empowering residents to take responsibility for their own health. This article focuses on the assessment phase of the model and meeting the perceived needs of community residents.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Developing a plan to evaluate the use of nursing conceptual frameworks.

Five hospitals in the Metropolitan Toronto area have introduced a nursing conceptual framework as the basis of practice in their agencies. A research team representing the hospitals and the University of Toronto has developed a comprehensive plan to evaluate the impact of using a nursing framework on nursing practice. This paper describes the selection of variables to be studied and the ways selected to measure them. A series of papers will follow describing the establishment of psychometric properties of the instruments and the results of the pre-test phase. Although this paper describes a process that began some time in the past, the authors have kept current the literature on the subject and the most current references are included in this paper.

Humans↗
PubMed1980

Analysis of health education sections of health systems plans.

Health Systems Agencies are required by federal guidelines to plan for and provide educational opportunities for residents of their health service areas. A study was conducted of 9 health education components of health systems plans developed by HSAs in Region III. The health education plans were analyzed and scored using the "Health Education Plan Scorecard" developed by Sullivan and adapted by the present authors. Specifically this modified scorecard consists of eight dimensions of the health education planning process: Involvement, Principles and Practice of Health Education, Defining Problems, Setting Goals and Objectives, Recommending Actions, Obtaining Resources, Planning for Implementation, and Planning for Evaluation. Ratings were generally higher on the first five dimensions of the scorecard. The last three dimensions produced lower scores. The overall average score was 41 points out of a possible 100. Thus indicating the general overall low scores received by the plans. The paper includes 18 recommendations to HSAs for improving the quality of health education plans. A key recommendation is that the Health Education Plan Scorecard should be used as a guide and check list during the plan development process.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗