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Results for “Developmental delay”

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At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Adaptive behavior of preschool children with developmental delays: parent versus teacher ratings.

Parents and teachers of 20 children with developmental delays, 24 through 38 months of age, from an early education program in Columbus, Ohio, were interviewed using the Adaptive Behavior Scale for Infants and Early Childhood. Significant differences were found between some of the ratings over the 23 domain and 11 subdomain scores, specifically in regard to sex of the child and length of time of the child's participation in the program. Parents provided higher ratings than did teachers on some domains. In general, parents and teachers tended to agree on the overall adaptive functional levels.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1993

Age-related changes in stress experienced by families with a child who has developmental delays.

The hypothesis that stress in families increases as a child with developmental delays grows older was evaluated. Mothers with children ranging in age from 2 to 18 years were assigned to a preschool, middle childhood, or adolescent group and asked to complete the Parenting Stress Index (PSI). Results indicated that Child Domain scores were high for all groups, but Parent Domain scores were within normal limits. The middle childhood group was consistently higher in both domains than either the younger or older groups. Degree of handicap was not associated with mothers' stress in the preschool group, but was related to PSI scores for both other groups. Behavior problems were highly correlated with maternal stress for the middle childhood and adolescent groups (data not available for preschool group).

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1994

Identification of a small supernumerary ring chromosome 8 by fluorescent in situ hybridization in a child with developmental delay and minor anomalies.

We report a 15-month-old female with developmental delay, hypotonia, and minor anomalies whose karyotype is 47,XX,+r. Due to its small size, the origin of the ring chromosome was indeterminate by standard G-banded karyotyping. Fluorescent in situ hybridization was performed, which indicated that the ring chromosome was derived from the pericentric region of chromosome 8.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1991

Autosomal recessive hypoparathyroidism with renal insufficiency and developmental delay.

Four children (two boys and two girls) with hypoparathyroidism, renal insufficiency, and developmental delay are described. They were the products of consanguineous marriages in three related Asian families presenting over a six year period. All the children died within the first 15 months of life despite treatment. Postmortem examination on one child showed absent parathyroid glands. We believe these children represent a previously undescribed syndrome that appears to be inherited in an autosomal recessive manner.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1985

Delayed developmental sequences in rodent diabetic embryopathy.

Diabetes induced by alloxan at day 6 of gestation in Wistar rats produced decreased fetal growth, delayed skeletal ossification, decreased fetal kidney beta-glucuronidase, and an increased frequency of fetal birth defects which correlated with the degree of diabetic control. Offspring of severely diabetic mothers (mean blood glucose greater than 501 mg/dl) sacrificed at 20 days had a mean weight of 2.12 +/- 0.16 g, a mean of 1.8 +/- 0.46 caudal ossification centers, and a 28% incidence of birth defects as compared to 3.70 +/- 0.22 g, 5.9 +/- 0.42 caudal centers, and 1.1% defects for controls. Offspring of severely diabetic mothers sacrificed at 21 days had mean numbers of caudal and sternal ossification centers which did not significantly differ from controls, indicating that decreased ossification observed at 20 days of gestation is a delayed developmental sequence which is mostly corrected by 21 days. Offspring of moderately diabetic (mean blood glucose 300-500 mg/dl) and insulin-treated dams (mean blood glucose 152-168 mg/dl) had intermediate degrees of growth or ossification delay and birth defect frequency at both the 20- and 21-day sacrifices. Maternal diabetes also retards the developmental increase in fetal kidney beta-glucuronidase such than 20-day offspring of severely diabetic mothers had a mean specific activity of 1.1 nmol/min/mg compared to 3.0 nmol/min/mg for controls. The results support prior studies in rodents suggesting a progression of early growth delay, altered developmental sequences, and birth defects in diabetic pregnancy. This progression is suggested as a common teratogenic mechanism which has implications for evaluating analogous pregnancies in man.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Religion and families of children with developmental delays.

Parents in 102 families with a 3- to 5-year-old child with developmental delays of uncertain etiology were interviewed concerning religion and adaptations to their child with delays. Religious parents were somewhat more familistic than were nonreligious parents, emphasized parental nurturance, and said that their child was an opportunity rather than a burden. Religious and nonreligious families were similar on other measures of developmental beliefs and social support. Religious parents described the "purpose" of their children with delays in their lives in emotionally powerful and meaningful ways that clearly helped them, although direct measures of peace of mind and emotional adjustment did not differ between religious and nonreligious families.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1990

Ataxia, developmental delay and an extensive neuronal migration abnormality in 2 siblings.

Two siblings with developmental delay and a non-progressive cerebellar ataxia are described. The electroencephalograms in both children showed a rather unusual pattern of high amplitude 10-12/s rhythms maximal anteriorly, while extensive neuronal migration abnormalities were apparent on Magnetic Resonance scans. There were no dysmorphic features, metabolic abnormalities, chromosomal defects or evidence of prenatal environmental toxins. It is considered that these siblings have an autosomal recessive neuronal migration defect which has not previously been reported.

Brain↗
PubMed1998

The frequency and distribution of spontaneous attention shifts between social and nonsocial stimuli in autistic, typically developing, and nonautistic developmentally delayed infants.

Spontaneous shifts of attention were observed in autistic, typically developing, and nonautistic developmentally delayed infants. Three types of attention shifting behaviour were observed; (1) between an object and another object, (2) between an object and a person, and (3) between a person and another person. The two control groups shifted attention more frequently between an object and a person than between an object and another object or between a person and another person. The infants with autism showed a different pattern, shifting attention between an object and another object more than any other type of shift. Furthermore, infants with autism showed fewer shifts of attention between an object and a person, and between person and person, than did the two control groups. They also spent less time overall looking at people and looked more briefly at people and for longer durations at objects, compared to the two control groups. These results indicate an abnormality in social orientation in autism even at the early age of 20 months.

Attention↗
PubMed1997

Microphthalmia, marked short stature, hearing loss, and developmental delay: extension of the phenotype of GOMBO syndrome?

An adult male with microphthalmia, severe developmental delay, conductive hearing loss, marked short stature of prenatal onset, and radiographic skeletal changes is described. A review of the literature, focusing on his major findings, suggests that his manifestations might be an extension of the phenotype of GOMBO (growth retardation, ocular abnormalities, microcephaly, brachydactyly, oligophrenia) syndrome.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1988

Oddity learning in developmentally delayed children: facilitation by means of familiar stimuli.

Four of 8 low-functioning, developmentally delayed children initially failed to demonstrate oddity responding under conditions in which ostensibly similar children did show oddity responding (e.g., Soraci et al., 1987). In the context of a multiple baseline across-subjects design, each of the 4 previously unsuccessful children demonstrated statistically significant increases in the percentage of correct oddity responses immediately upon introduction of familiar stimuli. These results indicate that perceptual differentiation enhances relational learning of the type required by the oddity task.

Attention↗
PubMed1994

Ecocultural assessment in families of children with developmental delays: construct and concurrent validities.

Home interviews were conducted with 102 families of children with developmental delays to assess ecocultural family resources and constraints, values, and goals as well as proactive adaptive efforts to deal with their circumstances. Interview topics included (a) economic factors; (b) child safety, health, and education; (c) domestic and childcare workloads; (d) familial support networks; and (e) sociocultural influences. Factor analyses performed on the ecocultural measures revealed 12 salient factors. Results indicated that some of the ecocultural factors were unique and statistically independent of the traditional measures of home environment (e.g., child-rearing attitudes, cognitive stimulation of the child, and general psychosocial climate). Significant relations were found between certain ecocultural factors and child's developmental status. Both ecocultural factors and traditional family measures accounted for significant variation in child outcomes.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

CAT/CLAMS. A tool for the pediatric evaluation of infants and young children with developmental delay. Clinical Adaptive Test/Clinical Linguistic and Auditory Milestone Scale.

The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends regular developmental screening as a part of routine child health supervision. However, the pediatrician has a limited number of tools available to further evaluate a child who is found to be suspect or abnormal on a developmental screening test. The Clinical Adaptive Test/Clinical Linguistic and Auditory Milestone Scale (CAT/CLAMS) was therefore developed to provide pediatricians with a technique to assess infants and toddlers with suspected developmental delay. The CAT/CLAMS demonstrated strong psychometric properties. Concurrent validity with the Bayley Scales of Infant Development (BSID) was demonstrated in 43 children ages 12 to 19 months who were tested on three occasions with both instruments (correlation coefficient ranging between 0.63 and 0.87; P < .001). Predictive validity 6 and 12 months later was also demonstrated in this population with correlation coefficients ranging between 0.73 and 0.77, significant at the P = .001 level. Utilizing the CAT/CLAMS as part of the pediatrician's evaluation of children with developmental concerns would allow the pediatrician to compare language and nonlanguage problem-solving abilities and, therefore, aid in diagnosis and appropriate referral.

Developmental Disabilities↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Current practices in sensory motor programming with developmentally delayed infants and young children.

This study examined the current practices of sensory motor programming with developmentally delayed infants and young children. A survey was conducted of facilities listed as serving this population group. There were 625 facilities which responded (response rate 84%). The responses of these facilities showed that each modal facility served between 21-50 children in day settings, and that 95% of the facilities offered individualized sensory motor programmes. Responses indicated that the way sensory motor programming was developed, the activities used, and the expected benefits had a high degree of similarity. Differences, however, were reported in the professional background of the programme directors, in their theoretical orientation, and in the assessment instruments used for developing and evaluating sensory motor programmes. There are implications for future study.

Child↗
PubMed1982

Mother-child interactions: a comparison of a clinic-referred developmentally delayed group and two non-delayed groups.

The purpose of the present study was to compare a clinic-referred sample of developmentally delayed children to two groups of children who were not delayed: a clinic-referred sample and a nonclinic sample. Multiple outcome measures, including home observations of mother-child interactions, parental perceptions of child adjustment, and parental measures of depression and marital adjustment, were utilized. The results indicated that the delayed sample differed from the two nondelayed samples primarily in terms of emitting more maternal behavior, particularly the number of commands issued. A lower rate of compliance to total maternal commands also occurred for the delayed group. Finally, the clinic-referred delayed sample differed from the nonclinic non-delayed sample by perceiving their children as less well-adjusted. Implications of the results are discussed.

Attitude↗