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Results for “Drinking Behavior”

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At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources

PubMed1989

Using alcohol expectancies to predict adolescent drinking behavior after one year.

An accumulating literature has shown the influence of childhood experiences associated with alcohol use on later drinking practices. Recent studies have suggested that alcohol-related expectancy may serve as an intervening variable to connect these early experiences with the later, proximal decision to drink when opportunities for actual alcohol consumption arise. Those studies, however, have collected expectancy and drinking data concurrently, whereas the present study for the first time reports on the power of expectancies measured in early adolescents (seventh and eighth grades) to predict self-reported drinking onset and drinking behavior measured a full year later. Results show that five of seven expectancy scores readily discriminated between nonproblem drinkers and those subsequently beginning problem drinking and accounted for a large portion of the variance in a continuous quantity/frequency index and a problem drinking index. The strength of these timelagged relations strengthens the case for inferring that expectancies have causal power on drinking behavior and suggests prevention strategies.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1980

The aversive effect of acetaldehyde on alcohol drinking behavior in the rat.

There are a number of indications suggesting that acetaldehyde (AcH) is one factor affecting the alcohol drinking behavior in laboratory animals. In the present study, the voluntary alcohol consumption in a free-choice situation was recorded in 17 females Sprague-Dawley rats fed with two different diets. The first diet (commercial Astra-Ewos, Sweden) caused significantly (p less than 0.001) higher blood AcH concentrations after oral alcohol administration and lower alcohol preferences (alcohol intake as percentage of total fluid intake) than the other diet (prepared at the Alko laboratories). With the Alko diet, the individual preference values correlated negatively with the blood AcH concentrations (p less than 0.01) and positively with the liver aldehyde dehydrogenase activities (p less than 0.05). Hepatic alcohol oxidation rate was found to correlate positively with the AcH concentrations from perfused livers (p less than 0.05) and negatively with the alcohol preferences (p less than 0.05), Alko diet). The results are discussed considering a possible biphasic relation between the AcH metabolism and alcohol drinking behavior.

Acetaldehyde↗

PubMed2002

Impact of perceived second-hand consequences related to alcohol use on college students' drinking behavior intent: a test of feasibility.

This article presents the results of an experiment designed to determine the impact of a group discussion about second-hand consequences of alcohol use on college students' intentions to consume alcohol. Participants were students enrolled in two large Community Health courses at a large Midwestern university (n = 184). After randomization of class sections into an intervention or a control group, intervention group students participated in a class discussion on the negative consequences college students experience as a result of other students' drinking behavior, prior to answering survey questions regarding their drinking behavior intent. Compared to controls who completed the questionnaire only, intervention group participants reported intent to limit themselves to fewer drinks per drinking occasion (p = .003) and fewer drinks per week (p = .004). The effects of the brief educational intervention were analyzed using structural equation modeling, to test the feasibility of a hypothesized intervention mechanism.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2005

[Polymorphism of alcohol metabolizing-related enzyme genes and its correlation with drinking-behaviors in 201 cases of Chinese Han healthy population].

OBJECTIVE: To study the distribution of genotypes about alcohol dehydrogenase 2 (ADH2) and aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) and its relationship with drinking-behaviors in Chinese Han healthy population as to providing a theoretic direction for filtering out high-risk and sensitive individuals and taking preventive measures to decrease the alcohol-related diseases. METHODS: Using questionnaires to select subjects (201 persons, including men 104, women 97) for collecting blood samples and data about drinking-behaviors. Techniques of polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) were used to detect the genotypes of ADH2 and ALDH2. RESULTS: Heterozygous ADH2 and homozygous ALDH2 were the two dominant ones (respectively 53.23%, 68.16%). There were no statistical differences among the distributions of nine combinations of ADH2 genotypes and ALDH2 ones. The difference of distribution of homozygous ALDH2 between males having high and middle drinking-frequencies seemed to be statistically meaningful. CONCLUSION: The proportion of individuals carrying about "susceptible genotypes of alcohol-related diseases" in Chinese Han healthy population should be more than one half (68.16%), which calls on reinforcing the surveillance and preventing the alcohol-related diseases. Correlation between genotypes of ADH2 and ALDH2 and alcohol-related diseases should be more important.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2004

Documenting natural recovery in American-Indian drinking behavior: a coding scheme.

OBJECTIVE: This report describes a coding scheme developed to analyze how some American Indians changed their drinking behavior and explores the contributions of this approach to our understanding of natural recovery in American-Indian communities. METHOD: We analyzed the responses to two open-ended questions about drinking in an epidemiological survey. The first question asked what helped respondents to quit or cut down on their drinking; the second asked respondents what they did instead of drinking when they wanted to drink. Codes were developed using anthropological analyses of content and then refined through analyses of frequencies and attempts to establish reliability. The frequencies of these codes were then examined by gender, age and current drinking status. RESULTS: Reliability was attained for the coding of responses to both questions. Their content reflects salient themes in the literature on natural recovery. The distribution of these codes across gender, age and current drinking status reveals interesting insights into what prompts and supports quitting and change for different members of these American-Indian communities, especially for women, older respondents and those who abstain from alcohol. CONCLUSIONS: This approach points the way to a consideration of a broad set of factors related to changes in drinking behavior in American-Indian populations that can be applied in future studies, both in American-Indian communities and, potentially, in other populations as well.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Parameters of searching activity in the structure of feeding, defensive, and drinking behavior (comparative analysis)].

Searching activity (SA) is the way to satisfy the need of overcoming and the mechanism of development of all forms of behavior under conditions of deficit of pragmatic information. SA is temporarily incorporated into the structure of the initial phase of all behavioral forms. The SA has energy and cognitive components that can be measured using Grigoriev's technique and his problem box. Quantitative and qualitative characteristics of SA are of prior significance in the structure of appetitive behavior and minimal significance in the structure of drinking behavior. Under described experimental conditions, in the structure of defensive behavior the values of the SA indices are mean.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of site and size of septum lesions on feeding and drinking behavior in the cat.

Lesions involving most of the septum caused in cats a reduction in drinking milk and eating cereal. Only the lesions involving a part of the posterior one-third of the septum increased consumption of milk and solid food. Changes of drinking behavior were usually more pronounced and permanent. In some cases the normal ratio of drunk fluids to solid food eaten was disturbed, that is either the amount of the consumed milk or cereal changed; in some animals these changes were more or less parallel. Increase or abolition of effects caused by lesions involving areas playing a similar or an opposite role in these functions were observed very often. This indicates how important it is in such investigations to produce precise lesions of strictly determined site and size.

Animals↗

PubMed1994

Drinking behavior in relation to cause of death among US adults.

OBJECTIVES: Alcohol involvement is common in many fatal injuries. This study examines drinking behavior in a nationally representative sample of US adult decedents aged 25 through 64 years and its association with cause of death. METHODS: Proxy-reported information from the 1986 National Mortality Followback Survey was used to profile the decedents' usual frequency and quantity of drinking. The association of drinking behavior with underlying cause of death was assessed while adjusting for demographic characteristics. RESULTS: Of the decedents, 17% were daily drinkers, 22% usually consumed five drinks or more per occasion, and 27% were classified as heavier drinkers. Persons who died of injury drank more frequently and heavily than those who died of disease. The adjusted odds ratio of injury's being the underlying cause of death was 1.4 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.1, 1.8) for daily drinkers, 1.5 (95% CI = 1.1, 2.0) for those drinking five or more drinks per occasion, and 1.4 (95% CI = 1.1, 1.7) for heavier drinkers. CONCLUSIONS: Daily drinking, binge drinking, and heavier drinking were each associated with an increased likelihood of injury as the underlying cause of death. Persons who were young, male, Native American, or divorced or separated were more likely to drink frequently and heavily.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

Differences and similarities in development of drinking behavior between alcoholic offspring of alcoholics and alcoholic offspring of non-alcoholics.

Self-reported initial, early, and long-term drinking behaviors, experiences, and consequences were obtained from male alcoholics completing inpatient treatment. Subjects were recruited and selected on the basis that they met DSM-III criteria for diagnosis of alcohol dependency and that their biological fathers were alcoholic (FHP; Family History Positive) or that they had no biological family history of alcoholism (FHN; Family History Negative). Results indicated that FHP subjects rated their initial taste of beer higher than FHN subjects, that FHP subjects began tasting and subsequently regularly drinking alcohol at an earlier age than FHN subjects and that there was significantly shorter elapsed time between initiating regular drinking and developing alcoholic-symptomatic problems in living among FHP alcoholics than FHN alcoholics. Although there were a few other significant differences, the drinking-behavioral histories of the two groups were remarkably similar and parallel. Taken together, results suggest that familial risk factors primarily influence the rate at which alcoholic drinking and alcoholism develop, rather than the form or pattern of alcoholic drinking.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Ontogeny of drinking behavior of preweanling rats with lateral preoptic damage.

Male (N = 9) and female (N = 7) infant albino rats sustained bilateral lateral preoptic area (LPO) destruction on the tenth day of life. During development and as adults, these brain-damaged rats were subjected to repeated testing of drinking behaviors in response to cellular and extracellular dehydration. Immediately following LPO destruction the pups ceased suckling and most rats required tube-feeding to maintain life; however, all pups were maintaining body weight through voluntary suckling and/or feeding-drinking by 20-21 days of age. Daily water intakes were elevated from 30-42 days of age, following which intakes decreased to control vonse to water deprivation, polyethylene glycol injection and food deprivation treatments. These results are consistent with the suggestion that the LPO contains osmoreceptors for drinking behavior, and the present results suggest that such osmoreceptors, may be functional by the tenth day of life for rats.

Animals↗

PubMed2002

Central nucleus of the amygdala and the effects of alcohol and alcohol-drinking behavior in rodents.

This article will review key literature on the effects of alcohol on the amygdala and the involvement of the amygdala in regulating alcohol drinking in mice and rats. Special emphasis will be placed on the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) because this nucleus is a major component of the extended amygdala, which has been implicated in regulating alcohol-drinking behavior. Immunocytochemical and in situ hybridization studies indicate that acute high-dose ethanol administration increases c-fos expression in GABAergic neurons within the CeA of the rat, suggesting activation of these neurons by ethanol. A similar high-dose (4 g/kg ethanol) effect on c-fos expression in the CeA of C57 mice was also observed, whereas the DBA mice showed increased c-fos expression in the CeA in the dose range of 1.25-4.0 g/kg. Studies with DBA x C57 F2 intercross mice suggest that there may be a relationship between the neuronal activating effects of ethanol in the CeA and the locomotor stimulating effects of ethanol. Studies with rats examining the effects of acute ethanol or chronic alcohol drinking on local cerebral glucose utilization (LCGU) rates (as a measure of synaptic activity) indicated that (a) acute ethanol (0.25-2.0 g/kg) had little effect on LCGU rates in the CeA; (b) basal LCGU rates were reduced in the CeA as a result of chronic alcohol drinking; and (c) oral self-administration of ethanol increased LCGU values within the CeA. Microdialysis studies demonstrated that acute ethanol (2 g/kg) injection increased dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT) release in the CeA. Microinjection studies indicate that GABA(A) receptors within the CeA are involved in oral ethanol self-administration. Overall, the findings from the various studies support a role for the CeA in mediating the stimulating actions of alcohol in mice and regulating alcohol-drinking behavior in mice and rats.

Alcohol Drinking↗

PubMed1977

Effects of monosodium glutamate on eating and drinking behavior in rats.

The effect of monosodium glutamate (MSG) on eating and drinking behavior of rats was studied by means of preference tests in free choice situations. Low or high protein casein diets containing up to 3% MSG were selected indifferently compared to plain casein diet in 7 day trials. The acceptability of diets containing 7% MSG, particularly those of low protein level, was significantly reduced. Except for Day 1, the proportional intake (MSG flavored diet intake/total diet intake) of 9% protein--7% MSG diet was consistently lower than 18% protein--7% MSG diet. In brief exposure tests (10 min) solutions of MSG (0.02-8%) were preferred over deionized water. The acceptance of solutions containing higher concentrations of MSG was significantly reduced. The total volume intake of both choices (MSG flavored water and water) was significantly increased in tests using solutions containing 3-8% MSG. In long-term tests (1-14 days), solutions containing 0.05-1% MSG were preferred over water. The acceptance of a solution containing 5% MSG was significantly reduced. For maximum intake of moles of MSG, rats selected solutions which offered 3-5 x 10(-1) M MSG whether the experimental period was 10 min or up to 2 weeks. In a series of two choice preference tests using solutions where Na+ content and pH were kept equal, MSG was preferred over sodium acetate and over sodium glutamate but was less preferred than monosodium aspartate. The results of this study can be explained in terms of sensory quality.

Animals↗

PubMed1995

[Testing of various drinking troughs in consideration of the physiological drinking behavior of rabbits].

To investigate the drinking behaviour of rabbits as well as to prove the suitability of different drinker systems under animal suitable conditions all in all 32 rabbits aged four to eight weeks have been held to test in free choice four drinker types usually applied in practice. The rabbits could choose between swimmer-, low pressure-bowl-, nipple- and automatic minidrinkers. In two passages four animals in each of the four boxes have been held for four weeks and watched by video once a week during 24 hours to register the frequency of the animals' drinking at the four alternative drinkers. The choice experiments show that the low pressure bowl-drinker has been preferred in frequency, followed by the nipple drinker. The swimmer-bowl-drinker was less frequented, the automatic minidrinker was avoided in tendency. All in all we see, that by offering bowl- and/or nipple-drinkers we present a natural adequate drinking to the rabbits. Both drinker-systems can be assessed as those with respect to animals' behaviour.

Animal Husbandry↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Physiological Role of Brain Angiotensin III in Drinking Behavior in the Rat.

We examined the physiologic role of endogenous brain angiotensin III (AIII), an active degradative product of angiotensin II, in drinking behavior. Adult, male spontaneously hypertensive (SH) and Wistar-Kyoto normotensive (WKY) rats that were instrumented with an intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) cannula connected to an osmotic minipump for chronic infusion were used. 7-day i.c.v. infusion of the specific AIII antagonist, Ile(7)-AIII (10 or 100 pmol/min), resulted in no significant alteration in daily (24 h), diurnal (8:00 a.m.-8.00 p.m.) or nocturnal (8:00 p.m.-8:00 a.m.) basal water intake in both SH and WKY rats. Similar results were obtained with i.c.v. infusion of the aminopeptidase inhibitor, bestatin (150 or 300 pmol/min), given alone or simultaneously with Ile(7)-AIII (10 pmol/min). Rats that were water-deprived for the first 3 days of 7-day infusion of Ile(7)-AIII consumed significantly less water during the first 2 h after water became available. Furthermore, the accumulated water intake during the first 24 h was appreciably greater in SH than WKY rats. We interpret these results to suggest that the endogenous brain AIII may not be tonically involved in fluid homeostasis. Instead, it must be activated under conditions of dehydration, such as water deprivation, particularly in the SHRs, to initiate drinking behavior. Copyright 1996 S. Karger AG, Basel

Journal Article↗

PubMed1989

The relative influence of selected social factors on Korean drinking behavior in Los Angeles.

The purpose of this study was twofold: to identify characteristics distinguishing Korean-American drinkers from abstainers and to clarify differences between those who drink smaller versus larger amounts of alcohol. A random sample of 280 Korean adults was interviewed using a schedule based on Cahalan's national study of drinking behavior and attitudes. Approximately 58% of the sample were abstainers while only about 14% were heavy drinkers. Logistic regression was used to determine the relative influence of various social factors on drinking behavior. The logistic model identified five characteristics which differentiated abstainers from drinkers: gender (male), college education, parental opposition, playing indoor games (e.g., cards) and going to bars, and/or nightclubs. A second logistic model clarified the influence of similar characteristics on the level of drinking. Males and those who went to bars and/or nightclubs were most apt to be heavy drinkers whereas participants in sports and Protestants were aligned with more moderate drinking.

Acculturation↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Cafeteria factors that influence milk-drinking behaviors of elementary school children: grounded theory approach.

This study was conducted to identify factors that influenced milk-drinking behaviors of elementary school children in North Texas. Ten focus groups with a total of 41 children aged 6 to 11 years were conducted using a grounded theory approach. Based on the principles of Social Learning Theory, milk preferences and health beliefs were identified as personal factors that influenced drinking. Cafeteria rules, milk flavor, product packaging, modeling by adults, and shared experiences were environmental factors. The data suggest that school cafeterias can capitalize on their unique position to offer milk-drinking opportunities that children can share to combine nutrition education with sensory experience.

Animals↗

PubMed2006

Agent-based modeling of drinking behavior: a preliminary model and potential applications to theory and practice.

OBJECTIVES: We developed a preliminary agent-based simulation model designed to examine agent-environment interactions that support the development and maintenance of drinking behavior at the population level. METHODS: The model was defined on a 1-dimensional lattice along which agents might move left or right in single steps at each iteration. Agents could exchange information about their drinking with each other. In the second generation of the model, a "bar" was added to the lattice to attract drinkers. RESULTS: The model showed that changes in drinking status propagated through the agent population as a function of probabilities of conversion, rates of contact, and contact time. There was a critical speed of population mixing beyond which the conversion rate of susceptible nondrinkers was saturated, and the bar both enhanced and buffered the rate of propagation, changing the model dynamics. CONCLUSIONS: The models demonstrate that the basic dynamics underlying social influences on drinking behavior are shaped by contacts between drinkers and focused by characteristics of drinking environments.

Alcohol Drinking↗

PubMed2001

Effect of water supply method and flow rate on drinking behavior and fluid balance in horses.

This study investigated three methods of water supply on drinking preference and behavior in six Standardbred geldings (2-9 years, 505+/-9 kg). The water sources were buckets (B), pressure valve (PV), and float valve (FV) bowls. In an initial drinking preference test, PV was tested at three flow rates: 3, 8, and 16 l/min (PV3, PV8, and PV16), and FV at 3 l/min (FV3). Water intake was measured in l and presented as the percentage of the total daily water intake from each of two simultaneously presented alternatives. The intake from PV8 was greater than from both PV3 (72+/-11% vs. 28+/-11%) and PV16 (90+/-4% vs. 10+/-4%). All horses showed a strong preference for B, 98+/-1% of the intake compared to 2+/-1% from PV8. Individual variation in the data gave no significant difference in preference between the two automatic bowls. In the second part of the study, drinking behavior and fluid balance were investigated when the horses drank from FV3, PV8, and B for 7 consecutive days in a changeover design. Despite a tendency for an increase in total daily drinking time from FV3, the daily water intake was significantly lower (43+/-3 ml/kg) than from PV8 (54+/-2 ml/kg) and B (58+/-3 ml/kg). Daily net water gain [intake-(fecal+urinary output)] was only 0.5+/-3 ml/kg with FV3, resulting in a negative fluid balance if insensible losses are included. These results show that the water supply method can affect both drinking behavior and fluid balance in the horse.

Animals↗