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PubMed1989

[Psychometric study of the intellect in patients with hepatocerebral dystrophy].

Psychometric investigation was performed in 35 patients with hepatocerebral dystrophy. The techniques of Vexler, Raven, Kussi were used. Moderately marked signs of reduced intellect were found. The intellectual defect pronounced itself in the impairment of imaginative-active mental component irrespective of educational level. Verbal-logical notional thinking was preserved and matched the educational level. Cu depleting therapy caused regression of the intellectual deficit in a majority of patients. These peculiarities of intellect reduction in hepatocerebral dystrophy patients and the possibility of their therapeutic correction should be taken into account in assessment of labor capability and in recommendations as to future occupation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

History of mental health services in South Africa. Part VIII. Services for epileptics.

The development of services for epileptics in South Africa is reviewed. In the field of education, the history of the Jan Kriel school at Kuils River in the Western Cape is described. Treatment is provided at government mental hospitals, institutions for defectives, and general hospitals. The Epileptic Employment Association provides epileptics with work and opportunity to live a normal life. Information about epilepsy is provided by the South African National Epilepsy League, which also provides opportunities for employment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Child mental health consultation with families of medically compromised infants.

Prematurity and birth defects present parents with a crisis for which they have usually had little preparation and no prior education. Both types of early medical complications may represent a state of suspended animation for most parents. Even large premature infants with good prognoses induce anxiety and symbolize potential death and disability, and children with birth defects may portend years of medical procedures and long-term disability. The fear of serious neurologic impairment or mental retardation presents parents with a long period of ambiguity and chronic anxiety. During this period, they must be helpless observers rather than active participants. Recent research has indicated that the active involvement of parents in the care of their premature infants can be helpful in alleviating the guilt and anxiety related to loss and impairment. Similarly, early physical contact between parents and their severely malformed infant is equally critical. Even if the ultimate complexities of early attachment have yet to be delineated fully, this is a worthwhile practice and useful approach in the nursery. Child mental health professionals have important roles to fulfill in helping staff members deal with increased parental participation and directly managing family members with intense distress related to their infants' fragility. The role of the mental health professional in such consultation may cover five related tasks: 1. Understanding the nature of the biologic issues facing the child and integrating that understanding with an evaluation of the child's neurobehavioral profile. 2. Understanding the family's relationship with the child and their overall level of functioning during an acutely stressful time. 3. Developing an appreciation of the place of the child in his or her family and how the parents understand the nature of the medical problems. 4. Forming a collaborative relationship with the pediatricians and other subspecialists who care for the child so that behavioral and psychological interventions are integrated with the child's biomedical care. 5. Fostering a brief, or sometimes long-term, therapeutic relationship with the family or facilitating the family's finding such a relationship with another clinician. There will never be enough child and adolescent psychiatrists and psychologists to treat all families of medically compromised infants. Knowledge of normative responses has advanced to the point at which basic skills can be used by and transmitted to others who can provide basic services. There is much to be learned about the short- and long-term sequelae of such stressful situations on individuals and family systems with preexisting psychopathology. For such families, child mental health professionals are uniquely suited to play a further role in research and treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Aspects of children with combined defects].

Eleven children with slight cerebral dysfunction (SCD) were recorded in the process of admission to the social care home (SCH). The children came from the families of older parents with genetic disorder either in the parents themselves or in their families. Due to educational faults combined with uncritical use of excessively protective means symptomatology of disharmonic personality development began to develop in children in which gradual decrease of mental capacity occurred. Symptomatology of disharmonic personality development slowly prevailed over that of SCD. Although the mental capacity was at the lower level of debility, these children were not able to finish their school education. Similarly it may happen in combination of sense organs defects, serious somatic and speech defects. Such children find their place in society with great difficulties.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Periconceptional use of multivitamins and the occurrence of neural tube defects.

We studied the association between multivitamin use during the periconceptional period and the occurrence of neural tube defects using data from the Atlanta Birth Defects Case-Control Study. There were 347 babies with neural tube defects who were live born or stillborn to residents of metropolitan Atlanta from 1968 through 1980. The 2829 control-babies born without birth defects were randomly selected through birth certificates. Periconceptional multivitamin use was defined as reported use for each of the three months before conception through the first three months of pregnancy. Mothers who reported not using multivitamins any time during the six-month period were defined as nonusers. Fourteen percent of mothers reported periconceptional multivitamin use and 40% reported nonuse. Multivitamin users were different from nonusers in a number of demographic, health-related, and life-style characteristics. We found an overall apparent protective effect of periconceptional multivitamin use on the occurrence of neural tube defects, with a crude estimated relative risk of 0.40 (95% confidence interval, 0.25 to 0.63). At this time, it is not possible to determine whether this apparently lower risk is the direct result of multivitamin use or the result of other characteristics of women who use multivitamins.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Patients in a clinic for children with multiple handicaps: a retrospective diagnostic evaluation.

This study illustrates the effectiveness of an outpatient facility in evaluating patients with a variety of handicapping disorders. A multidisciplinary approach, such as the one used in the Child Study Clinic, is the most effective and most efficient mode of evaluating handicapped children, though hospitalization is occasionally required to further evaluate such complicated problems. Every child with mental retardation, birth defects, or multiple handicaps requires a thorough evaluation for the purposes of diagnosis, treatment, and the prescription of long-term educational and occupational goals. Family history often indicates the need for genetic counseling.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗