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At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

[Clinico-roentgenologic studies in toxoplasmosis patients with various endocrine diseases].

The authors present clinical and roentgenological characteristics of toxoplasmosis revealed in 46 of 128 patients with neuro-endocrine form of diencephalic syndrome, cerebro-hypophyseal nanism and hypogenitalism, examined for toxoplasmosis. Congenital toxoplasmosis was found in 29 and chronic acquired--in 17 cases. It was noted that the clinical picture of both the congenital and of the chronic acquired toxoplasmosis in patients with endocrine diseases was varied due to affection of different organs and systems of the organism. Of great significance in the complex clinico-laboratory diagnosis of congenital and chronic acquired toxoplasmosis was the roentgenological method of study. Roentgenological changes in the skull of the patients with endocrine diseases and toxoplasmosis were expressed in the presence of calcifications of various shape and size (from 2 mm to 2 cm), calcification of the dura mater in the frontal portion and the area of the sella turcica, and hyperostosis. Diagnosis of congenital and chronic acquired toxoplasmosis in patients with endocrine disturbances should be based on the results of complex clinico-roentgenological and laboratory studies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

[Knowledge of endocrine disease pictures from the viewpoint of the pathologist].

Endocrinology is an independent discipline based on biochemistry and pathochemistry, but we cannot know any endocrine disease entity without making pathomorphological research. In these days professional pathologists cannot define any new endocrine disease entity by the means of the macroscopical examination, but they may contribute to the micromorphological confirmation of many syndromes using the results and methods of histochemistry, topochemistry, immunofluorescence and isotopic diagnostics. In order to give an acceptable explanation they have to integrate the ultrastructural picture with the classic cytologic picture. This the unity of the functional and morphological aspects can prove to be especially lucrative in the research of endocrinology.

Endocrinology↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Somatotropic function of the hypophysis in endocrine diseases].

A study was made of 149 patients with various endocrine diseases, and 30 healthy persons. Despite the sharply increased initial level of growth hormone, somatotropic function of the adenohypophysis was considerably depressed. In patients with hypophysial, cerebral, and somatogenic nanism somatotropic function of the hypophysis proved to be lowered. In diabetes mellitus of moderate severity without any vascular affections with the normal initial blood somatotropin level reaction to insulin hypoglycemia was sharply diminished. Persons suffering from prediabetes displayed a tendency to the change of the somatotropic function of the hypophysis. With increasing adiposity there is a reduction of the initial level of blood growth hormone and of the somatotropic activity of the hypophysis in Itsenko-Cushing's disease and thyrotoxicosis was apparently connected with disturbances of the hypothalamo-hypophysial interrelations.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

[Molecular diagnostics in endocrine diseases].

Molecular diagnostic techniques provide an unsurpassed opportunity to understand the pathophysiological basis of endocrine disorders. Diseases have been associated with mutations in almost every gene known to have a role in either the production or secretion of a hormone or the mediators of hormone signalling. Even though most of these mutations are rare and account for only a small fraction of endocrine diseases, molecular diagnostics offers a valuable tool for the clinician in these cases. The most common endocrine disorders such as autoimmune thyroiditis, type 2 diabetes mellitus, osteoporosis, growth disorders, and obesity have all major genetic components, but these are mostly unknown. In this review the clinical implications of molecular diagnostics are illustrated for some endocrine diseases: congenital adrenal hyperplasia, congenital hypothyroidism, thyroid hormone resistance, familial hypocalciuric hypercalcaemia, growth hormone deficiency and resistance, and monogenic obesity. Improved diagnostic specificity has direct implications for treatment and follow up in these syndromes. Molecular diagnostics in endocrine tumours and diabetes are presented in two other articles in this series.

Adrenogenital Syndrome↗
PubMed1984

The use of cytogenetic techniques for the diagnosis of endocrine diseases.

Chromosome analysis is the genetic technique useful in evaluating endocrine disease. Indications for cytogenetic studies include suspected sex chromosomal aneuploidies as well as repeated fetal wastage. In patients with ambiguous genitalia, cytogenetic studies are mandatory, not only to provide information for assigning sex but, more importantly, for identifying individuals who are at risk for developing gonadal tumors because of the combination of a Y chromosome and dysgenetic gonads.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed1988

Effect of human growth hormone-releasing hormone on GH secretion in Cushing's syndrome and non-endocrine disease patients treated with glucocorticoids.

The GH response to 100 micrograms human growth hormone-releasing hormone (hGRH) given intravenously was evaluated in eleven patients with Cushing's syndrome who had been ill for more than one year and in six patients with non-endocrine diseases who were treated with glucocorticoid for one to twelve weeks. Extremely low to no response of plasma GH to hGRH injection was noted in all seven patients with Cushing's disease and in four patients with Cushing's syndrome due to an adrenal adenoma or carcinoma. In contrast, all six patients with non-endocrine diseases who were treated with glucocorticoid showed normal GH responses to hGRH. These results suggest that the diminished hGRH-induced GH secretion in patients with Cushing's syndrome might be caused by the prolonged period of hypercortisolemia.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[Sleep disorders in several pathologic states--endocrine diseases].

The mechanisms and pathophysiology of sleep disturbances in patients with endocrine diseases are reviewed. Abnormalities in sleep regulations were demonstrated in patients with thyrotoxicosis and hypothyroidism in a use of electroencephalogram during sleep. Mental disorders are one of the causes of sleep disturbance, for example insomnia due to depression in Cushing's syndrome. Metabolic abnormalities such as hyponatremia and hypoglycemia due to adrenal insufficiency could also contribute to sleep disturbance. Obstructive, central and mixed types of sleep apnea syndrome are known to occur in hypothyroidism, acromegaly and diabetic neuropathy with autonomic dysfunction. Thus, multiple factors are involved in sleep disturbance in patients with endocrine disorders.

Endocrine System Diseases↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Experience with the use of electroroentgenography in the diagnosis of endocrine diseases].

Electroentgenographic examination was carried out in 729 patients with various endocrine diseases. It is believed that electroentgenography with consideration to such features as marginal effect, numerous details, volumetric impression, etc. has at its disposal valuable auxillary diagnostic possibilities in the complex examination of the patients. Analysis of materials demonstrated electroentgenography to be the method of choice in contrastless X-ray diagnosis of changes in the thyroid and mammary glands, and soft tissues of the limbs. Diagnostic information of electroroentgenograms and of film roentgenograms is of about the same value in examination of the cranium, sella turcica, other parts of the bone skeleton, and also of the internal generative organs. The image of the thymus and of the adrenal glands was found to be somewhat less distinct on the electroentgenograms than on the film roentgenograms.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Perianaesthetic management of patients with endocrine disease.

Hyper- or hypofunctioning endocrine organs present a number of perianaesthetic challenges. This review covers some of the issues of perianaesthetic management of patients with primary or coexisting pathology of the following endocrine organs: The pancreas with diabetes mellitus as the most common endocrine cause of primary and secondary organ dysfunctions affecting anaesthetic care. Adrenal cortical pathology with excess or deficiency of adrenocortical hormones. Pheochromocytoma of the adrenal medulla with infrequent but challenging perianaesthetic problems. Thyroid gland diseases with hyper- or hypothyroidism. Parathyroid gland pathology with hypercalcaemia or hypocalcaemia. Disorders of the anterior and posterior pituitary gland. The carcinoid syndrome and more uncommon endocrinopathies such as adenomas from the gastroenteropancreatic endocrine tissues and the ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome are also reviewed briefly.

Anesthesia↗
PubMed1990

Molecular probes and endocrine diseases.

This presentation reviews the use of in situ hybridization in the study of endocrine diseases. The basic techniques used, technical problems and pitfalls in interpretation and the application of in situ hybridization in the practice of diagnostic endocrine pathology are discussed. Finally, future directions for this technique and related molecular biological methods and their potential applications are presented.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
PubMed1995

Infections and autoimmune endocrine disease.

The literature examined in this review points to the possible involvement of infectious agents in the pathogenesis of autoimmune endocrine diseases, primarily autoimmune thyroid disease and diabetes mellitus. Various mechanisms have been proposed to explain induction of autoimmunity by infection but it seems that three possibilities may be important in individuals susceptible to developing autoimmune disease: molecular mimicry (perhaps to retroviruses); polyclonal T cell activation (by an endogenous superantigen or an infecting organism); and MHC class II antigen induction. It seems reasonable that all three mechanisms operate together or separately in different individuals. Data continue to accumulate in favour of infectious agents being important initiators of autoimmune disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Head and neck manifestations of endocrine disease.

This article provides an overview of the various head and neck manifestations of endocrine disease. Presenting signs and symptoms may be indicators of more generalized systemic disease. The importance of a thorough history cannot be overemphasized.

Adolescent↗