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At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

Surgical approaches to the elbow.

Success in elbow surgery depends on a thorough understanding of its anatomy and the access to its various compartments and components.This article has reviewed the current applied surgical anatomy of the elbow and the related surgical approaches. For acute elbow injuries the Global approach is preferred, because this incorporates a posterior skin incision to expose the medial and lateral sides of the joint. The "Z"arthrotomy algorithm avoids PLRI when exposing the lateral joint capsule. The acute distal biceps tendon avulsion can be repaired with a minimally invasive anterior approach.

Arm Injuries↗
PubMed2005

Ulnar nerve conduction velocity in injured baseball pitchers.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the ulnar nerve conduction velocity (NCV) of baseball pitchers without elbow injury to baseball pitchers with elbow injury and to persons who do not play baseball. DESIGN: Cross-sectional. SETTING: Hospital rehabilitation department. PARTICIPANTS: Eight college baseball pitchers without elbow injury, 8 age-matched controls who did not play baseball, and 8 college baseball pitchers with a history of elbow injury with tenderness over the cubital tunnel area. INTERVENTION: Supramaximal electric stimulation was applied superficially to the ulnar nerve at the wrist, below the elbow, and above the elbow of both the dominant and nondominant arms of all subjects. M waves were recorded from the abductor digiti minimi muscles. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The ulnar NCV was calculated separately for the across-elbow and below-elbow segments. The ulnar NCVs of both arms of the 3 groups were compared by using a 2-way (arm by group) analysis of variance, with a statistical significance level of P less than .05. RESULTS: The ulnar NCVs were 64.40+/-7.34m/s, 54.97+/-8.67m/s, and 59.18+/-4.10m/s for the pitchers without injury, pitchers with injury, and the subjects who were not pitchers, respectively. The pitchers without injury were significantly faster than the other 2 groups. For pitchers without injury, the ulnar NCVs of the dominant arm were significantly faster than those of the nondominant arm (56.26+/-2.63m/s). No significant difference was found between the dominant and nondominant arms for the group of injured pitchers and for the group of subjects who were not pitchers. CONCLUSIONS: The ulnar NCVs of the injured pitchers did not appear to be abnormal, but were suboptimal in comparison with the noninjured pitchers. The above-normal NCVs observed in the noninjured pitchers may be the result of an adaptation to trauma associated with ball throwing.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

MR imaging of tendon injuries in the elbow.

Tendon injuries are among the more common sources of elbow pain, resulting from occupational and sports activities as well as the activities of daily living. The exquisite soft-tissue contrast resolution and multiplanar capability of MR imaging have proven ideal for evaluating, diagnosing, and managing tendon injuries. Familiarity with normal anatomy, the spectrum of tendon derangement from tendinosis to complete tears, and the typical injury mechanisms involved in tendinopathy about the elbow are all invaluable for appropriate MR imaging examination and interpretation.

Cumulative Trauma Disorders↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Terrible triad of the elbow: a case report of a new variant.

The usual terrible triad of the elbow consists of posterior dislocation of the elbow, radial head fracture and coronoid fracture. We describe a new variant of the terrible triad of the elbow consisting of fracture of the capitellum involving the full length of the trochlea and posterolateral dislocation of the elbow associated with coronoid fracture (type 1 Regan-Morrey). A 25-year-old girl was brought to the emergency ward with the history of having jumped from the third floor with an intention of committing suicide. She sustained multiple fractures, i.e, fracture ribs, bilateral intra-articular fracture of the lower end of the radius, left-side elbow injury, left subtrochanteric fracture femur and left zygomatic fracture with head injury. The elbow was stable after stabilization of the capitellum fracture through a collateral approach. Coronoid fragment was left alone, as it was a very small fragment.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Magnetic resonance imaging in pediatric elbow fractures.

PURPOSE: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) evaluation of pediatric elbow trauma with or without a visible fracture on radiography. MATERIAL AND METHODS: MRI was performed in the acute phase in 25 children with an elbow injury. Nine patients with an elbow effusion only on radiographs and 16 with a fracture or luxation seen on radiographs underwent subsequent MRI. No sedation was used. RESULTS: MRI revealed eight occult fractures (89%) in seven out of nine patients who had only an effusion on radiographs. Based on MRI findings, septic arthritis was suspected in one patient. Two patients out of five with a supracondylar fracture on the radiograph had a cartilage lesion in the humerus. MRI depicted a 3-mm gap on the articular surface in two patients with a lateral condyle fracture, a more accurate fracture location in two patients than the radiographs, and an additional occult fracture in two patients. MRI showed a fracture not seen on radiographs in two of three patients with prior luxation. CONCLUSION: MRI is a sensitive and accurate method in the diagnosis of pediatric elbow injuries, especially when only an effusion is present on radiographs. Occult fractures are more common in pediatric patients with elbow injury than reported earlier.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Sports and performing arts medicine. 2. Shoulder and elbow overuse injuries in sports.

UNLABELLED: This self-directed learning module discusses classic topics and highlights new advances in this area. This article discusses upper-limb sports injuries as part of a section of the study guide on sports and performing arts medicine in the Self-Directed Physiatric Education Program for practitioners and trainees in physical medicine and rehabilitation. This article uses case vignettes as a vehicle to elaborate on shoulder and elbow pain in the athlete. OVERALL ARTICLE OBJECTIVE: To discuss shoulder and elbow overuse injuries in sports.

Athletic Injuries↗
PubMed1998

Combined hyperextension and supination of the elbow joint induces lateral ligament lesions. An experimental study of the pathoanatomy and kinematics in elbow ligament injuries.

An epidemiological study suggested that the injury mechanism of 'handball goalie's elbow' may be hyperextension. The pathomechanics of hyperextension combined with supination was studied in ten macroscopically normal, male, cadaveric elbow joint specimens. The age of the donors was 28.8 years (range 18-45 years). Extension loading of the elbow was performed in an experimental three-dimensional (3D)-kinematic loading apparatus. The degree of extension increased by 16.7 degrees +/- 8.7 degrees after loading. Hyperextension loads induced significant joint laxity in joint flexion (< 50 degrees) during forced valgus, external and internal rotation, respectively, but not during forced varus. The hyperextension trauma produced three lesions: (1) anterior capsule rupture, (2) avulsion of the proximal insertion of both the medial and the lateral collateral ligaments, and (3) occasional single rupture of the lateral collateral ligament. The lesions indicate that combined hyperextension and supination represent a possible mechanism leading to 'handball goalie's elbow'.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Medial elbow stability. Clinical implications.

Medial elbow injuries of athletes, such as baseball pitchers and javelin throwers, can prove to be debilitating and may have a negative effect on performance. The most significant injury to the elbow occurs is an ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) sprain or rupture, which compromises the medial stability of the elbow joint. It has been found that the anterior oblique portion of the UCL is the primary stabiliser of the elbow, and that trauma to this complex may significantly hinder normal elbow function. An accurate diagnosis will dictate the degree of injury to the elbow as well as determine the most appropriate means of treatment.

Athletic Injuries↗
PubMed1996

Radiology of the elbow in children.

Elbow injuries are common in children. Correct management depends on a correct diagnosis. Most elbow injuries can be diagnosed by standard radiographs, but the variability of the developing secondary ossification centers which appear at different ages renders the diagnosis difficult. The normal development of the pediatric elbow should be learned by everyone who treats children's elbow injuries.

Aging↗
PubMed1978

Tardy ulnar nerve palsy in children.

Tardy ulnar nerve palsy in the child is an infrequent occurrence. In 5 cases all occurring after injury about the elbow, the lesion involved not only lateral but also medial structures. The latency period from elbow injury to palsy was not always long and ranged from 2 months to 29 months. Possibly because of the age of the patients and short duration of the palsy, anterior transposition promoted prompt remission of symptoms and signs.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

A review of outcomes in 18 patients with floating elbow.

OBJECTIVE: To assess functional outcomes and predictors of success in floating elbow injuries. DESIGN: Retrospective clinical review. SETTING: Level 1 trauma center. PATIENTS: Eighteen patients with floating elbow injuries seen at the trauma center from 1995-2001. INTERVENTION: All injuries were managed surgically. Each forearm fracture was managed with open reduction and internal fixation. Humerus fractures were managed with either open reduction and internal fixation or intramedullary nail. Definitive fixation was performed in all cases within 48 hours of arrival at the trauma center. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Eighteen patients were available for follow-up at a minimum of 1 year and consented to enroll in the study. Each patient was evaluated with a standardized elbow score based on a 100-point scale. These scores were correlated with injury features including age, severity of fracture (AO classification), open fractures, nerve injuries, vascular injuries, type of fixation on the humerus, and the presence of concomitant intra-articular elbow injuries. RESULTS: The average elbow score was 68/100. Outcomes were divided into two groups. Eleven patients had a score greater than 75 (group I), with a mean score of 83, and were considered to have a good or excellent result. Seven patients had a score less than 75 (group II), with a mean score of 45, and were considered to have a satisfactory or poor result. The distribution of outcomes revealed two statistically distinct clusters. Additionally, there was a significantly higher incidence of nerve injuries in group 2 compared with group 1. CONCLUSIONS: Functional outcomes in floating elbow injuries tend to cluster into two groups-patients with good or excellent results and patients with poor results. Patients with associated nerve injuries have lower functional outcomes at a minimum of 1-year follow-up.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ipsilateral injuries of the elbow and forearm in children.

Fracture of the forearm with ipsilateral injury of the elbow joint is a rare traumatic entity in children. Twenty-four such cases were treated in our clinic during the last 4 years (1981-1984). The treatment was surgical in six cases and related to the elbow injuries, while the forearm underwent closed treatment. The results of these cases, regardless of treatment and severity of the injury, did not differ appreciably from the results of common forearm or elbow injuries.

Accidents↗
PubMed1991

Risks of neurovascular injury in elbow arthroscopy: starting anteromedially or anterolaterally?

A cadaver dissection study was performed to study the risks of neurovascular damage in elbow arthroscopy. The risk of injury to the radial nerve in the anterolateral approach was higher than the risk of damaging the median nerve in the anteromedial approach. In addition, starting medially may contribute to accurate placement of the anterolateral portal and may further help to decrease the risk of injuring the radial nerve. Therefore, starting with an anteromedial approach has several advantages above starting anterolaterally.

Arthroscopes↗
PubMed1995

Prevention and rehabilitation of overuse injuries of the elbow.

Rehabilitation from injury and prevention of injury are terms that describe differing aspects of the same challenge. The clinician must be continually aware of the principles of rehabilitation and their order of priority (prevent further damage, restore motion, restore strength, reestablish coordination) while supervising patients' progress toward their goals. If patients are made aware of these principles at an early stage, and taught to take as much responsibility as possible for their own rehabilitative course, they will be more likely to reach their own ideal compromise of safety and speed of progress. In addition to helping with rehabilitation from injury, knowledge and self-awareness that patients obtain during this process may help in the prevention of future injuries.

Cumulative Trauma Disorders↗