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At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Applications of epidemiologic methods to podiatric medicine.

National statistics show that the burden of occupational foot problems is large. For example, over 20 per cent of work-related injuries occur in the lower extremities. However, to date few epidemiologic studies have been undertaken to document the nature, frequency, and causes of occupational foot problems. More are clearly needed. The results of such studies could profitably be disseminated among occupational health professionals to increase their awareness of this relatively neglected aspect of worker health.

Epidemiologic Methods↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Socioeconomic status and coronary disease: theories, research methods, epidemiological evidence and the results of Italian studies].

This review covers the most important theoretic contributions and results of epidemiological research on the relationship between socio-economic status (SES) and coronary heart disease (CHD). Two major approaches have been identified: those of the British and American schools. In spite of differences in method, most of published contributions have shown social inequalities in the outcome of most degenerative disorders. Similar patterns have been detected for the CHD: the time trend declines documented in recent years in most industrialized countries has not filled in the gap of SES difference in the incidence and mortality for CHD, which even seems to have increased in the lower social classes. Moreover, an apparent paradox has been described: even though CHD is typical of welfare societies, its impact is higher in the lower social classes. Recent results of Italian studies are reported which investigated the relationship between CHD risk factors and SES in representative samples. The findings suggest the presence, in Italy, too, of social discrepancies in the prevalence of major risk factors, in both gender groups. This should be taken in consideration when preventive programmes are planned in populations or in work settings.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

A review of epidemiological methods applied in studies on laboratory animal allergy. With a discussion of the relation between prevalence and risk of an irreversible disease in a dynamic population of constant size.

The risk of developing an occupational allergic respiratory disease depends strongly on the duration of exposure. For estimating the instantaneous risk (hazard function) in a dynamic cohort, information is required for each cohort member on the time of exposure either until disease onset or until termination by leaving the job or the end of the study. However, most existing epidemiological studies on occupational allergies are cross-sectional, computing prevalences; no information on job-leavers and on their disease status is obtained. The functional dependency of prevalence on risk, as well as on the rate of leaving the job among the diseased and on the distribution of exposure duration, is described, with special attention to the sensitivity of the prevalence to differences of the rate of leaving the job. A literature review of 15 studies on laboratory animal allergy is given; none of the studies collected and reported all the information necessary for risk estimation.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Epidemiologic methods for prospective assessment of menstrual cycle and reproductive characteristics in female semiconductor workers.

Methods were developed to assess potential adverse effects of semiconductor fabrication work in a prospective study of reproductive health. All women aged 18-44 years who worked in seven silicon-wafer fabrication sites in five companies and a frequency-matched sample of women in nonfabrication jobs were included. Among 3,480 selected for screening, 2,639 (75%) completed a self-administered questionnaire to identify women at risk of pregnancy. Among the 739 (28%) eligible women, 481 (65%) completed baseline interviews and 402 (83.6%) completed at least one menstrual cycle of follow-up by providing daily diaries and daily urine samples. Menstrual cycle characteristics were assessed from questionnaires and diaries. Urine samples were assayed for reproductive hormones to identify conceptions. The usual cycle length recalled at baseline was 28 days. The mean cycle length (MCL) recorded in diaries was 29 days, with greater dispersion than at baseline. The median of the MCL from diary data was 28 days for women reporting regular cycles at baseline but 34 days for women reporting irregular cycles at baseline, and the median standard deviation in cycle length per woman was 2.5 days and 7.5 days, respectively. The prospective method, while expensive and labor intensive, showed good compliance. Nevertheless, recall also provided reasonably accurate estimates and distinguished women with regular and irregular cycles.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Epidemiologic methods for measuring prevalence of asthma.

Problems identified as associated with measuring the prevalence of asthma include the lack of an agreed definition, absence of standardization of questionnaires (both the content and the form in which questions are worded) the nonspecific nature of tests of bronchial responsiveness and the variation in the nature of asthma at different ages, seasonally and due to occupational exposures. Approaches to the resolution of these problems and outstanding questions are discussed.

Adult↗