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PubMedDate not supplied

Erysipelothrix endocarditis with previous cutaneous lesion: report of a case and review of the literature.

This report describes the first documented case of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae endocarditis in Latin America. The patient was a 51-years-old male, moderate alcoholic, with a previous history of aortic failure. He was used to fishing and cooking as a hobby and had his left hand wounded by a fish-bone. The disease began with erysipeloid form and developed to septicemia and endocarditis. He was treated with antibiotics and surgery for aortic valve replacement. There are only 46 cases of E. rhusiopathiae endocarditis reported to date. The authors wonder if several other cases might go unreported for lack of microbiological laboratorial diagnosis.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed2005

Investigations on the pathogenicity of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae in laying hens.

Erysipelas was diagnosed in 1998 from 34-wk-old laying hens in a free range flock in Germany. Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae of serotype 1 was cultured from internal organs of the affected birds. This article describes the pathogenicity of the field isolate of E. rhusiopathiae in experimentally infected specific pathogen-free (SPF) laying hens. Three experiments were performed with SPF chickens inoculated at 17, 27, and 37 wk of age by either intramuscular (IM) or oral route. Inoculated birds were observed for 14 days. The highest mortality rates occurred in older birds, with 100% mortality observed in the 37-wk-old birds inoculated IM, 60% mortality reported in the younger 27-wk-old birds, and no mortality in the 17-wk-old age group. In the orally infected 27-wk-old birds, 40% mortality was detected, whereas no mortality was observed in the oldest birds by the same route. The results of the experiments support the contention that older birds are more sensitive to infection than younger birds and that mortality in laying hens is age related and dependent on the route of infection.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2006

Investigations of the vertical transmission of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae in laying hens.

Erysipelas was diagnosed in a layer breeder flock in Sweden in 2002. Although vertical transmission of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae has not been previously described in chickens, the potential of erysipelas infection to adversely affect hatching eggs was of concern. To clarify the possible impact of erysipelas on hatching eggs and their progeny, an experiment was done using 200 hatching eggs collected from the infected flock. The eggs were incubated for 21 days, and the egg shells, infertile eggs, dead-in-shell embryos, and a sample of day-old hatched chicks and blood samples from 5-day-old chicks were cultured for E. rhusiopathiae. In addition, after 28 days of grow-out, the male chickens were euthanatized and cultured for the bacterium, and the remaining female chickens were placed as a backyard flock and observed over a 4-mo period. Bacteriological test results of the above-mentioned samples were negative for E. rhusiopathiae. Mortality rates were not excessive, and no clinical symptoms of erysipelas were observed during the period of observation. The result of the investigation suggests that in layer breeder chickens, E. rhusiopathiae is not vertically or egg transmitted and that the disease outbreak in the parent stock had no adverse impact on the quality of hatching eggs in terms of increased embryo mortality.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae septicaemia.

A 53-yr-old man developed pyrexia after a butcher's saw wound. One month later Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae was isolated from the blood despite uncomplicated wound healing.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, serotype 17, septicemia in moose (Alces alces) from Algonquin park, Ontario.

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae septicemia was diagnosed in three of four moose found dead in Algonquin Provincial Park, Ontario, Canada, in the spring of 1989. Type 17 E. rhusiopathiae was isolated from liver, lung, kidney, and lymph nodes of affected animals, which were in poor body condition, and suffering hair loss associated with tick (Dermacentor albipictus) infestations. Microscopic lesions consisted of mild, multifocal, necrotizing myocarditis, sarcocystosis, and lymph node atrophy. The bacterium may have gained entry to these animals via ingestion of, or percutaneous exposure to, contaminated water, or possibly by the bites of ticks. Malnutrition and tick infestation may have predisposed the animals to infection by this opportunistic pathogen.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Fatal outcome of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae bacteremia in a patient with oropharyngeal cancer.

Bacteremia due to Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae is rare; the most common presentation reported in the literature is endocarditis. We report a 32-year-old man with oropharyngeal cancer who developed aspiration pneumonia and E. rhusiopathiae bacteremia, and presented with fever, chills, dyspnea, and productive cough with purulent sputum. Despite treatment with amoxicillin/clavulanate and nutritional support for 9 days, he died of respiratory failure. He had no clinical evidence of endocarditis. He had no history of animal or occupational exposure, and might have been colonized with E. rhusiopathiae in the oral cavity, followed by aspiration pneumonia and bacteremia. A fatal outcome in a patient with bacteremia due to E. rhusiopathiae without endocarditis is rare.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Specificity in response of vaccinated swine and mice to challenge exposure with strains of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae of various serotypes.

Swine and mice were vaccinated with standard erysipelas adsorbate bacterins made from Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae of serotype 2 and were subsequently exposed to pathogenic strains of E rhusiopathiae, serotypes 1, 2, 4, 9, 10, and 11. Response to challenge of immunity in swine was determined by presence of urticarial lesions at the sites of intradermal injection of culture; response in mice was determined by the quantal (live-dead) method. After vaccination with standard bacterins, swine and mice were significantly more susceptible (P less than of equal to 0.01) to infection with strains of serotypes 9 and 10 than with strains of serotypes 1, 2, 4, or 11. An adsorbate bacterin made from the challenge strain of serotype 10 induced specific immunity to homologous challenge exposure in swine but not in mice. Bacterins made from the other challenge strains induced little or no immunity.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Salmonella and Erysipelothrix infection in swine: a laboratory summary.

The occurrence of salmonellas and Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae in tissues of swine was determined by bacteriologic and fluorscent antibody examination of 5,297 specimens from herds investigated for hog cholera. Of the specimens examined, 35.5% were positive for salmonellas, 21.1% were positive for E rhusiopathiae, and 8.3% were positive for both salmonellas and E rhusiopathiae.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

[Infective endocarditis caused by Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae--case report].

Infective endocarditis (IE) is an infectious disease, which leads to death when is untreated. In most cases IE is caused by typical bacteria. IE caused by atypical bacteria is rare. In this paper, we describe a female patient with IE caused by Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae (ER). Due to inflammation and leaflets' damage she underwent double-valve implantation (aortic and mitral ones). A long-term antibiotic therapy was given with good outcome. We also describe the organism, types of human diseases caused by ER and treatment options.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed2005

Mitro-aortic infective endocarditis produced by Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae: case report and review of the literature.

Endocarditis produced by Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae is an uncommon disease in humans. This bacterial species is found worldwide as a commensal or a pathogen in many animals. Infection in humans is usually due to occupational exposure. The case is reported of a 43-year-old male parrot breeder with native aortic and mitral valve endocarditis and NYHA class II heart failure at six months after wound infection. The patient was discharged after six weeks' treatment with intravenous penicillin G and replacement of the mitral and aortic valves due to severe regurgitation. At one year after surgery the patient was asymptomatic and infection-free.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Fatal mitral valve endocarditis by Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae].

A fatal case of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae mitral valve endocarditis is described in a 45 years old male, with a history of chronic alcohol abuse and without animals contact. He presented intermittent fever, polyarthralgia, weight loss, and low back pain. In blood cultures (2 bottles), gram-positive pleomorphic rods grew after 48 hours of incubation. The subculture on blood agar media showed a small, alpha-hemolytic colony, catalase and oxidase negative, PYR and LAP positive and the production of H2S in triple sugar iron agar, was demonstrated. The isolate was initially identified as E. rhusiopathiae, and confirmed by API Coryne (BioMérieux). On the basis of these findings and a transthoracic echocardiogram, an endocarditis was confirmed. Intravenous ampicillin and gentamicin treatment was initiated. The patient became afever, nevertheless he died on day 19 after admission as a consequence of acute pulmonary edema. Susceptibility testing by E-test showed that the microorganism was resistant to vancomycin and gentamicin, and susceptible to penicillin and cefotaxime. We emphasize the importance to consider the isolates of gram-positive pleomorphic rods, catalase and oxidase negative, and the addition of H2S production test in TSI medium. Vancomycin-resistance helps in the identification, and to establish the correct antimicrobial therapy. Although E. rhusiopathiae is usually reported as an occupational pathogen, the contact with pigs and other farm animals may be underestimated.

Alcoholism↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae--rare etiology of persistent febrile syndrome].

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae is a Gram-positive rod, carried by many domestic and pet animals and very resistant in the environmental habitat, causing an anthropo-zoonosis infection in humans. It can determine, most frequently, a skin infection and may cause also septic arthritis or systemic infection, usually associated with aortic endocarditis. Bacteremia without endocarditis is a very rare presentation, generally seen in immunocompromised patients. We report such an unexpected diagnosis in a 75-years old woman, with mitral regurgitation, who was investigated for a persistent febrile syndrome, with no evidence of vegetation on repeated echo examinations and no evidence of the entry portal and who recovered successfully from an E. rhusiopathiae bacteremia with Ampicillin iv. therapy for 14 days.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Comparative studies on susceptibility of the mouse (Mus musculus) and the vole (Microtus arvalis) to Listeria monocytogenes and Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae.

The susceptibility of mice and voles to intraperitoneal and subcutan injection of virulent strains has been tested comparatively on 261 mice and 120 voles. Using various germ-doses, 50 per cent lethality has been established. Listeria monocytogenes serovar 1/2a killed mice in doses of 120,000 and 1.5 X 10(6) germs when injected intraperitoneally and subcutaneously and voles in doses of 1800 and 12,000 germs, respectively. Thus voles proved 100 to 120 times more susceptible than mice. Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae killed mice injected both intraperitoneally or subcutaneously in minimal doses, such as 25 germs, but voles survived the infection with 1 to 5 million germs. This indicates that voles are resistant to E. rhusiopathiae, but more susceptible to L. monocytogenes than mice. In contrast, both these rodent species proved susceptible to the obligate pathogenic Francisella tularensis and invariably succumbed to septicaemia when injected with a few of these bacteria.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Detection of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae specific antibodies in the serum of experimentally-infected swine by ELISA and immunoblotting].

In an attempt to characterize the immuno response of the animal organism to experimental infection, ELISA and immunoblotting were used to test the antibody levels of erysipelas hyperimmune sera (HIS) which had been induced by Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae. Also, 5 pigs were accidentally chosen to check on individual curves of antibody formation, following periodical inoculation up to HIS collection. All HIS verified and confirmed by the mouse protective test responded by high titres. Yet, the results so far obtained from HIS titration have failed to be conclusive as to valency. The animals selected for these experiments exhibited differentiated antibody levels during the phase of immunisation, although they were at one and the same level, when measured by the final titre, following last boostering. The desired rise in antibody levels was achieved only by the 4th to 9th boostering in almost all cases. Extinction values determined by ELISA were confirmed or supplemented by the results obtained from immunoblotting.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

The role of detergent in labeling of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae bacteria.

The chelating agents oxine, acetylacetone, tropolone, and 2-mercaptopyridine 1-oxide were analysed for their suitability in labeling the bacterium Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae (E.r.), strain B10, with 111In and 67Ga. The labeling conditions were improved. The bactericidal activity of the labeling process was investigated. The different chelates did not result in a significant difference in labeling yield. The addition of 0.01% detergent to the labeling buffer doubled the labeling yield up to 45%. Labeled bacteria were injected intravenously into rats. The percentage organ distribution was determined and compared with a control group.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[Pathomorphological changes in experimental Erysipelothrix infection in lambs].

Investigations were carried out with eight lambs treated i/v with a broth culture of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae at the rate of 10(8) microbial cells per 1 cm3. Following infection the lambs developed polyarthritis. Studied were the morphologic changes in both dead and slaughtered lambs at various intervals after the infection was performed. It was found that from the 2nd up to the 7th day the lesions were characterized by moderate infiltration (neutrophil granulocytes) of the parenchymal organs as well as by dystrophic- and necrotic foci in the liver and hyperemia, edema, and hemorrhages in the spleen, lung, and brain. After the 7th day were found reticulohistiocytic proliferations in the liver and heart, and intracapillary glomerulonephritis, thromboendocarditis, and polyarthritis.

Animals↗