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PubMed1992

Changes in rat leukocyte populations in peripheral blood, spleen, lymph nodes, and synovia during Erysipelas bacteria-induced polyarthritis.

Kinetics of leukocyte subsets were followed for several weeks in rats suffering from polyarthritis induced by experimental infection with erysipelas bacteria (Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, serovar 2, strain T28). A marked leukocytosis was found in peripheral blood, and, with some delay, in the synovia and draining lymph nodes of affected joints. In the lymphoid organs tested considerable blast formation of lymphoid cells with a paucity of polymorphonuclear granulocytes was found, while the latter represented the majority of leukocytes in acutely inflamed joints. Cells isolated from spleen showed only moderate and transient alterations in proportions of subpopulations during the first week after inoculation of erysipelas bacteria. In contrast, cells isolated from synovia of inflamed joints and draining lymph nodes displayed more intense and longer lasting alterations: In arthritic animals, the proportion of MHC class II-positive lymphocytes generally increased and remained elevated at least during the first three weeks of the disease. Spontaneous release of IL-2 from cells isolated up to 20 days post induction of the arthritis indicated a considerable activation of lymphocytes in vivo. Interestingly, with exception of synovia, the relative amount of T-lymphocytes including their major CD4+ and minor CD8+ subsets showed little alteration during the course of the disease. Much more pronounced were the rapidly and the extent the membrane Ig-positive B-lymphocytes increased in the synovia as well as in the lymph nodes. Thus, B-lymphocytes may be of particular relevance for elucidating pathomechanisms of erysipelas polyarthritis.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Persistence and isolation of L cycle forms of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae in experimental infection.

In experimental infection of rats induced with teh S-form of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae the pathogen was found to persist for a long time (up to fifteen months according to the author's personal observations). Under the effect of the specific and unspecific defense of the animal's organism the causative agent suffered a number of morphologic changes. In the course of the first days of infection the R-form was isolated, and thirty days later up to the fifteenth month forms of the L cycle were recovered from the parenchymal organs, blood, and joints. An electron microscopic study was carried out on the structure of the isolated L-forms. The long-term persistence of the agent in its different morphologic forms may well account for the chronic course of the infection in rats.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Comparative studies of the paraspecific immunostimulation (paramunization) by bacterial lysates in bacterial infection models and in the cytotoxicity test].

Bacterial lysates of different bacterial strains (E. coli, B. bronchiseptica, P. haemolytica) were prepared by heating, acid- and alkaline-hydrolysis. Lysates were tested for their immunostimulating effect in bacterial infection models and with chromium 51 test demonstrating spontaneous (natural) cytotoxicity. Lysate production was standardized by protein- and Lps-determination. The alkaline-hydrolysis reduced toxicity of Lps and increased the content of soluble bacterial protein. Heating and acid-hydrolysis did not alter bacterial suspensions with respect to Lps-toxicity and protein-content. Mice infected with P. aeruginosa, P. multocida, E. coli and L. monocytogenes (5-10 LD50) had a significantly longer survival time after prophylactic immunostimulation with bacterial lysates than control animals. No protection was observed in immunostimulated mice infected with Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae. In the Pseudomonas infection model, bacterial lysates prepared by alkaline-hydrolysis had a 10 times higher immunostimulating effect than lysates prepared by acid-hydrolysis or heating. Bacterial lysates stimulated spontaneous cytotoxicity of natural mouse peritoneal killer cells after intraperitoneal application. Whole bacterial lysates had a higher NK-activity as their corresponding purified lipopolysaccharide portion.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1974

[Pharmacologic-endocrinological findings in animal experiments with TURISYNCHRON and SUISYNCHRON. 3. Selected pharmacologic and immunologic findings].

Comparison of the action of TURISYNCHRON and its zinc complex SUISYNCHRON in mice, rats and dogs showed that neither compound interfered with the implantation process in rats. After oral administration, blood concentrations were lower with SUISYNCHRON than with TURISYNCHRON. The zinc complex was broken down in the acid medium of the stomach, and absorbed in the duodinum or in distal segments of the intestine. Metallibure did not affect on phagocytosis not the course of infections with Escherichia coli or Erysipelothrix insidosa. Both compounds had a thymolytic action, which did not mimic the effect of cofticosteriods.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1997

Effect of attenuated Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae vaccine in pigs infected with porcine reproductive respiratory syndrome virus.

Twenty 2nd specific pathogen-free pigs were divided into 4 groups: Group A were infected with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) virus at 6 weeks of age and treated with available swine erysipelas and swine fever combined vaccine (vaccinated) at 7 weeks of age; Group B were vaccinated at 7 weeks of age and infected with PRRS virus at 8 weeks of age; Group C were vaccinated at 7 weeks of age: Group D were neither vaccinated nor infected with PRRS virus. All pigs were challenged to Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae C42 strain at 10 weeks of age. No clinical signs appeared after vaccination of group A and B pigs, thus confirming that the safety of the vaccine was not influenced by infection with PRRS virus. None of the pigs in Groups A and C developed erysipelas after challenge exposure to E. rhusiopathiae. In contrast, fever and/or urticaria appeared transiently in all pigs of Group B after challenge exposure. At the time of challenge exposure to E. rhusiopathiae, the PRRS virus titer was high in sera of Group B, but was low in those from Group A. However, vaccination of pigs with attenuated E. rhusiopathiae was effective in dual infection with PRRS virus and E. rhusiopathiae, because the clinical signs were milder and the E. rhusiopathiae strain was less recovered from these pigs compared to pigs of group D.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Effect of cyclophosphamide and carrageenan on resistance of mice to Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae.

The immunosuppressive effect of cyclophosphamide (CY) or carrageenan (CG) treatment was investigated to clarify the mechanism of resistance of mice to Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae infection. In mice inoculated with attenuated E. rhusiopathiae, death occurred and bacterial growth in the spleen was enhanced only by CY treatment; in CG-treated mice, no death occurred and bacterial growth in the spleen was kept at a low level for at least 23 days, similar to that of nontreated control mice. These results indicated that polymorphonuclear leucocytes rather than macrophages may play an important role in the resistance of mice to E. rhusiopathiae infection.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

[Erysipelothrix endocarditis (author's transl)].

Following erysipeloid a 46-year-old man fell ill with septicaemia and endocarditis. Treatment with high doses of antibiotics could not prevent his death. Infection with Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae in man occurs through a skin lesion and only rarely leads to spreading of the agent in the body presenting as arthritis, meningitis, or endocarditis. Erysipelothrix endocarditis is a severe disease leading to widespread destruction of the involved cardiac valves. The aortic valve is most commonly involved. 16 out of 28 patients with erysipelothrix endocarditis reported in the literature died, eleven of them despite treatment with antibiotics.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Direct and rapid detection by PCR of Erysipelothrix sp. DNAs prepared from bacterial strains and animal tissues.

A PCR method for rapid screening of Erysipelothrix spp. in the slaughterhouse was carried out by using four species-specific sets of oligonucleotide primers after initial amplification with the primer set MO101-MO102, which amplifies the 16S rRNA sequences of all four Erysipelothrix species. The DNA sequences coding for the rRNA gene cluster, including 16S rRNA, 23S rRNA, and the noncoding region downstream of 5S rRNA, were determined in order to design primers for the species-specific PCR detection system. The homology among the 4.5-kb DNA sequences of the rRNA genes of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae serovar 2 (DNA Data Bank of Japan accession no. AB019247), E. tonsillarum serovar 7 (accession no. AB019248), E. rhusiopathiae serovar 13 (accession no. AB019249), and E. rhusiopathiae serovar 18 (accession no. AB019250) ranged from 96.0 to 98.4%. The PCR amplifications were specific and were able to distinguish the DNAs from each of the four Erysipelothrix species. The results of PCR tests performed directly with tissue specimens from diseased animals were compared with the results of cultivation tests, and the PCR tests were completed within 5 h. The test with this species-specific system based on PCR amplification with the DNA sequences coding for the rRNA gene cluster was an accurate, easy-to-read screening method for rapid diagnosis of Erysipelothrix sp. infection in the slaughterhouse.

Abattoirs↗
PubMed1978

[Fluctuations in susceptibility of pigs to erysipelas depending on age].

The results of experiments have shown that up to their second month of age pigs are not susceptible to Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae infection. The invasion of the infective agent into the body of sich pigs neither causes an outbreak of the disease nor brings about changes in the immunologic indices under investigation, which shows that no infection process develops in these animals. At a later age infecting the pigs both with a broth culture of the pathogen and with material from organs, using the same doses as in the case of younger pigs has led to the development of a clinical process followed by enhancement of phagocytosis and rise of agglutination titers.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1993

Persistent bacteremia with Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae in a hospitalized patient.

A patient with a history of alcohol abuse and pancreatitis presented with a pleural effusion resulting from a fistula between the pancreatic duct and left pleural space. Two weeks into her hospitalization, fever and persistent bloodstream infection with Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae and Candida albicans developed. The patient had no history of exposure to animals. To our knowledge this is the first report of an E. rhusiopathiae infection presenting during hospitalization. This case suggests the possibility of a carrier state of infection and illustrates that a high index of suspicion is necessary for identification of unusual pathogens in hospitalized patients.

Adult↗