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Results for “Estrogens--analysis”
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[Estrogens in the tissues of guinea pig embryos].
The content of estrogens was determined in tissues of the guinea pig embryos, blood of pregnant females and placenta by means of biological testing. It was the highest in embryonic ovaries at all developmental stages. The sexual dimorphism in estrogen content was found in embryonic suprarenals: it was higher in females than in males. The estrogen content in blood of male embryos and pregnant females was similar but lower than that in female embryos. Estrogens were also found in placenta and their traces were detected in spleen, brain, hypothalamus and uterus. The problem of possible participation of estrogens in the sex differentiation of female embryos is discussed.
[Changes in the estrogen level in the amniotic fluid after the injection into the mother of synthetic estrogenic preparations].
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[Comparison of chemical and radiochemical methods in determination of steroid hormones].
While in some cases steroids can be measured directly in serum or plasma by radioimmunoassay (RIA), in other cases, especially when analyses are carried out in urine, the samples must be processed before RIA can be performed. The operations involved in the preparation of urinary or blood extracts suitable for the RIA of steroid hormones are examined and compared in terms of practicability with the analytical procedures currently used for the chemical determination of the same steroids or their metabolites.
Urinary steroid hormone patterns: III. Effect of continuous daily administration of low dose megestrol acetate.
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[Current concept of the hormonal state in menopause].
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[Examination of urinary estrogens in the women with uterine myoma, cervical and ovarian carcinomas as compared with those found in the women with functional bleedings during climacterium (author's transl)].
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Radioimmunoassay of norethindrone (17 alpha-ethynyl-17 beta-hydroxy-4-estren-3-one) and ethynyl-estradiol (17 alpha-ethynyl-1,3,5, (10)-estratien-3, 17 beta-diol). Application to human plasma determination of norethindrone after oral administration of this steroid.
The experiment conditions for the evaluation of Norethindrone (17 alpha-Ethynyl-17 beta-hydroxy-4-estren-3-one, NET) and Ethynyl-estradiol (17 alpha-ethynyl-1, 3, 5 (10) estratrien-3, 17 beta-diol, EE) by radioimmunoassay are described. A minimal quantity of 25 pg of these two steroids could be evaluated using different reduced metabolites of NET, very little cross reaction is observed with 200 pg of these metabolites. No effect was observed with estradiol for the EE-antiserum. The NET-antiserum was used to evaluate this steroid and ethynodiol diacetate after oral administration to female volunteers. Maximal values in the plasma (2-3% of the administered dose) was found between 1-3 h after administration and at 24 h a concentration of 0.1-0.3% still remained in the plasma.
[Gel centrifugation as a method of separation in radioimmunological determination of serum estrogens].
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Hormonal contraception: current perspectives. Part I. An analysis of available agents.
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Premature ovarian failure.
Twelve cases of premature ovarian failure (POF) are described. The clinical, hormonal, histopathologic and cytogenetic studies of each patient have been presented. The scope and the limitations of laparoscopic ovarian biopsy are discussed, as is the importance of radioimmunoassay of follicle-stimulating and luteinizing hormones (FSH/LH) in comparison to ovarian biopsy for the diagnosis of premature ovarian failure. A plea is made for the early diagnosis of POF so that these young women can be spared the expensive and time-consuming treatment for the associated problem of infertility.
The resumption of ovulation and menstruation in a well-nourished population of women breastfeeding for an extended period of time.
We have studied a large group of Australian women breastfeeding for an extended period of time to determine the duration of lactational anovulation (n = 89) and amenorrhea (n = 101). Salivary progesterone assays were used to determine ovulation. These women had a mean of 322 days of anovulation and 289 days amenorrhea. Less than 20% had ovulated and less than 25% had menstruated by 6 months postpartum. The latest ovulation was at 750 days and the latest menstruation at 698 days. There was no significant correlation between any measure of maternal nutritional status and the duration of anovulation or amenorrhea. Neither the time of first supplement introduction to the baby nor the amount of supplement given was an accurate predictor of the return of ovulation or menstruation. However, our results clearly show that lactational amenorrhea can provide good protection against pregnancy in the 1st 6 months postpartum, even in well-nourished women who are giving their babies supplemental feeds.
In vivo delivery of estradiol from ceramic drug delivery devices.
Ceramic drug delivery systems (CDS) are capable of delivering a wide variety of chemicals and/or biologicals directly into the systemic circulation in a continuous manner over long intervals with minimum risk to the recipient. The objectives of the present study were: (i) to determine the capability of tricalcium phosphate (TCP) capsules to deliver estradiol (E) in a sustained manner into the circulation of intact adult male rats, and (ii) to investigate the physiological responses associated with the presence of constant levels of estradiol in adult male rats. Microcrystals, particle size of less than 38 um, of TCP powder were prepared using standard procedures. TCP capsules with an outer diameter of 0.8 cm and an inner diameter of 0.4 cm were prepared by compressing calcined materials in a cylindrical dye at a compression load of 700 Kg. The ceramic capsules had a final density of 1.82 +/- 0.03 gm/cm3. A total of 54 adult male rats were divided into three groups of 18. Each rat in group I was implanted intraperitoneally with 2 CDS, one TCP capsule impregnated with polylactic acid (PLA) and the second nonimpregnated TCP capsule. Each capsule contained 40 mg of E. Animals in group II were implanted with two similar capsules without E (shams) and group III animals which served as intact controls were not fitted with CDS. Eight rats from each group were euthanized 2, 4, or 6 months following CDS implantation. Ceramic capsules were retrieved from the euthanized animals and the amount of E left within the ceramic was determined.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
[Significance of an oral cytogram for the characterization of synthetic sex steroids].
In this study we have found, that the gingiva epithelium is a sensitive hormonal receptor which may present different histologic and cytologic changes in relation to the hormonal influences acting upon this organ. The oral smears can be used as a reliable test for the evaluation of estrogenic effects in monohormonal conditions.
Changes in pure-tone thresholds and temporary threshold shifts as a function of menstrual cycle and oral contraceptives.
The present study examined the effects of exogenous and endogenous ovarian hormones on auditory functioning in young women. Fluctuations in pure tone thresholds and temporary threshold shifts (TTS) at 4 kHz and 6 kHz were assessed across the menstrual cycle. A group of normally cycling, ovulatory women and a group of women using Ortho Novum 7/7/7, a tri-phasic oral contraceptive, were tested during menstruation, at ovulation, and during the luteal phase of their menstrual cycle. A group of men served as controls and were tested at 3 similarly spaced intervals. Only the normally cycling women had significant cyclic fluctuations in auditory sensitivity, displaying poorer thresholds at 4 kHz during the menstrual phase than at the time of ovulation or during the luteal phase. In addition, normally cycling women were found to have significantly less TTS at 6 kHz during the menstrual phase than women using oral contraceptives.
Antifertility substances in plants.
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Anti-oestrogen antibodies in users of oral contraceptives and in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.
Recent studies have demonstrated that many patients with SLE have elevated plasma levels of the minor oestrogen metabolite 16 alpha-hydroxyestrone (16 alpha OHE). This oestrogen is unique in its ability to react with lysine residues and form stable, covalent Heyns products with proteins. Increased levels of 16 alpha OHE-modified proteins have been found to occur on the membranes of red cells and lymphocytes in patients with SLE. In the present study, patient and control sera were analysed for the presence of circulating immunoglobulins which react with an oestrogen hapten. Anti-oestrogen antibodies were detected in 26% (9/34) of male and female SLE patients, and were found to correlate both with levels of plasma 16 alpha OHE (P less than 0.001) and with the presence of active disease (P less than 0.005). Surprisingly, this antibody activity was also observed in 25% (13/52) of normal, disease-free women who had a history of oral contraceptive use. No detectable activity was observed in normal men, women who had not taken oral contraceptives, or patients with a variety of other immunological diseases. The possible role of anti-oestrogen antibodies in both the hormonal exacerbation of SLE and in the long-term sequelae of oral contraceptive usage is discussed.
Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone and the human menstrual cycle.
Plasma concentrations of LHRH were measured by radioimmunoassay in daily samples obtained from 10 normally ovulating women. The normalcy of each menstrual cycle was determined by measuring luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), total estrogen, and progesterone concentrations. Six women had consistently measurable immunoreactive LH-releasing hormone (LHRH) in every blood sample. In four, LHRH could not be detected in some of the samples, more frequently during the follicular phase. LHRH levels varied between 10 and 35 pg/ml during the menstrual cycle. At midcycle, coincident with the LH surge, the mean LHRH level (17.6 +/- 4.4 pg/ml) was not significantly different from the mean follicular or luteal phase values. The lowest LHRH level, 11.4 +/- 4.6 pg/ml, was observed on the day of the estrogen surge. A detailed evaluation was made of the specific days of the cycle. Blood samples obtained from an indwelling venous catheter every 20 minutes over a 3 or a 5 hour period during the days of the estrogen surge and the LH surge and on the following day showed no correlation between OHRH, LH, and FSH values.