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At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

[Normobaric oxygenation as a first-aid measure in decompression sickness].

Most divers and diving medicine specialists know that application of normobaric oxygen as first aid after a bubble disease incident is highly effective. However, as yet technical difficulties acted as a deterrent to using normobaric oxygen at the diving site. This can now be overcome by a newer technique. To be efficient, any therapy of bubble disease should follow three main principles: maximal partial pressure of inhaled oxygen (i.e. 100 kpa in normobaric, and 280 kpa in hyperbaric conditions); minimal partial pressure of inhaled nitrogen, which should ideally be near zero; immediate start of therapy, if possible at the diving site, but not later than 2 hours after the onset of the first symptoms. However, it has to be borne in mind that for an efficient normobaric oxygenation (100%), the standard apparatus design without oxygen reservoir is obsolete, for it offers at most 40% oxygen to the lungs. Currently the following technical approaches for an efficient normobaric oxygenation are available: open one-way systems with tightly fitting mask and oxygen reservoir bag (type Ambu or Leardal, etc.); open systems with on-demand regulation and tightly fitting mouth piece (type SCUBA, or Bird-respirator); closed systems with CO2 absorber (type oxygen rebreathing diving gear). The closed system is a genuine technical advance, because it needs 15 times less oxygen than open systems (about 90 liters oxygen for a 3-hours oxygenation run). Such an apparatus is thus of light weight, far less cumbersome, and nevertheless highly efficient. The therapy should start immediately at the site of the mishap and be maintained during the transport to the next HBO-unit (usually 3 to 6 hours).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Atmospheric Pressure↗
PubMed1994

The effects of first aid training on public awareness of the management of a seriously injured patient.

Members of the public were questioned regarding previous first aid training and whether they believed that they would be able to manage a seriously injured person adequately. They were then assessed as to their awareness of basic principles of dealing with such a person. It was found that, whilst confidence as an independent variable was not associated with better knowledge, those who had some form of training were significantly more confident about their own abilities and also performed better in the assessment. However there remained a minority who would be unwilling to become involved in the initial treatment of a seriously injured person and training did not appear to reduce this tendency.

Educational Status↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ethical implications of first aid.

Nurses have a moral duty to act when faced with emergency situations. Fear of legal recourse is no excuse for failing to provide first-aid care. This article considers the ethical implications for the nurse, midwife and health visitor at the scene of an accident.

Codes of Ethics↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Legal aspects of first aid and emergency care: 2.

The first article in this series examined the nurse's duty to act at the scene of an accident. This article explores this theme further by looking at the legal implications and the four arenas of accountability.

Emergency Medical Services↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Legal aspects of first aid and emergency care: 3.

The first and second articles in this series considered whether there was a duty in law to volunteer help when there was no pre-existing duty to do so and discussed the standard of care that should be followed. This article examines the volunteer's rights if he/she is injured while assisting at an accident.

Emergency Medical Services↗
PubMed1980

First aid in disasters.

If you are first on the scene of a disaster, approach safely and liaise with police and ambulance officers. Carry out triage, identifying those victims who need urgent treatment and those who do not--because they are not ill enough, too ill or dead. Establish priorities of treatment within the urgent group in the airway (A), breathing (B), circulation (C) sequence. Record assessment and treatment given.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Health education for the preadolescent: basic first aid.

Accidents are the leading cause of death and disability in the preadolescent age group. For this population, the State of California now recommends specific accident and emergency health education. This article discusses the American Red Cross' self-paced Basic First Aid course which can meet the needs of the student as suggested and integrate the student-teacher-nurse in a health education experience profitable for all.

California↗
PubMed2026

A systematic review of the impact of Mental Health First Aid on medical, nursing and allied healthcare professional students.

BACKGROUND: Healthcare professional (HCP) students are at high risk of mental health problems, but stigma and fear of career repercussions often deter them from seeking help. Mental Health First Aid (MHFA) is a globally disseminated course teaching the public to identify and respond to people experiencing mental health problems. MHFA training may address some of the challenges faced by HCP students, by improving mental health knowledge and by enhancing well-being and peer support. AIMS: To systematically review the available literature regarding the impact of MHFA training on HCP students' mental health literacy, confidence and intentions to provide help, stigma, peer support and self-care. METHOD: Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines (International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews ID: CRD42024589509), five databases were searched. Primary studies evaluating the above outcome measures in HCP students were included. Two authors independently screened references and extracted data. Quality was assessed using the Modified Medical Education Research Study Quality Instrument and Cochrane Risk of Bias tools. A narrative synthesis was performed. RESULTS: Of 2367 records screened, 26 met inclusion criteria. Confidence in supporting others and mental health literacy showed the most consistent improvements following MHFA training, whereas evidence for changes in stigma was mixed. Peer support, self-care and student well-being were infrequently examined, although qualitative data suggested that MHFA had improved openness to help-seeking. CONCLUSIONS: MHFA shows promise in enhancing mental health literacy, confidence and intentions, and in reducing stigma, particularly when supplemented with experiential learning. HCP students may benefit from tailoring of such courses to their specific needs, fostering a culture of peer support, enhancing well-being and introducing basic concepts in mental health.

MHFA↗
PubMed1996

A first-aid preparation for burns and scalds.

A report of a laboratory evaluation of a mousse comprising a mixture of paraffin oils and waxes containing chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) (this product has since been reformulated and no longer contains CFCs). The product has been marketed for the first-aid treatment of burn injuries. The cooling abilities of this product are measured and compared with those of other aerosol preparations. The results show that the mousse provides local cooling for at least 10 minutes after application in laboratory conditions.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Emergency first-aid treatment of gunshot and stab wounds.

The number of violent crimes in Great Britain is on the increase and therefore there is a possibility that nurses will encounter a casualty with stab or gunshot wounds. On encountering a casualty with stab or gunshot wounds, the first aider must immediately assess the scene to avoid personal injury or risk to life. No matter how ugly or bad the injuries look, the basic principles of first aid still apply. Never attempt to remove any penetrating object still in situ as this may cause more serious bleeding. Any penetrating injury to the chest may result in instant respiratory distress. Make use of people present at the scene of the injury. Always ensure that the emergency services are notified immediately.

Emergencies↗