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At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

The immature HPO axis.

One cause or anovulation may be an immature hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis. The fact that initial menstrual cycles are usually irregular and often anovulatory implies that a maturation process is taking place in the HPO axis and that cyclic ovulatory menstruation begins only when adequate maturation occurs. Moreover, the external appearance of the ovary of a severely oligomenorrheic or amenorrheic female frequently is similar to that of a prepubertal female--this is, the ovary appears normal in size of slightly smaller, has a smooth, glistening surface without convolutions, and its capsule-like outer surface reveals few, if any, underlying follicles. A reasonable assumption is that there is inadequate gonadotropin stimulation of these ovaries possibly as a result of an immature HPO axis. The studies by radioimmunoassay of FSH and LH levels in prepubertal and pubertal females offer no statistical data by which to measure the maturity of the HPO axis, although consistently low FSH and LH levels may prove meaningful. Studies of FSH and LH in patients exhibiting gonadal dysgenesis neither support or disprove the immature HPO axis theory, but studies of idiopathic sexual precocity tend to support it. Studies using LH-RF in prepubertal and pubertal females indicate a pattern of response which may give useful information in the area.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Ovulation and gonadotropin-releasing activity of [p-LEU-6, DES-GLY NH2-10, pro-ethylamide-9] -GNRH.

The ovulation-inducing and gonadotropin-releasing activities of [d-Leu-6, des-Gly NH2-10, Pro-ethylamide-9]-GnRH (II), were evaluated in rats, rabbits, and sheep. A sc dose of 3.4 ng/100 g body wt of the analog was equal to 160 ng/100 g body wt of GnRH in causing ovulation in the diestrous rat. At these dose levels, the integrated LH release was 1.9 times greater for the analog. Both the time of increase and maximum serum concentrations of LH were delayed after injection of the analog. Oral administration of II and GnRH to the proestrous rat resulted in an ED50 for ovulation of 0.92 and 54 mug/100 g body wt,respectively. Serum levels of LH and FSH were highly variable for the various treatment groups when both releasing substances were administered orally. The intense ovulating activity of II was also evident in the estrous rabbit as indicated by an activity 31 times greater than that of GnRH. Additionally, the analog was at least 50 times more active than GnRH in releasing LH in both the mid-luteal and anestrous ewe. From our experiments with the cycling rat it appears that the intense ovulation-inducing activity of II can be accounted for by the intrinsic LH-releasing activity of the nonapeptide, rather than by a prolonged release stimulus.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1975

Progesterone and estradiol patterns in women using an intrauterine contraceptive device.

Levels of progesterone, estradiol, LH, and FSH were measured in daily serum samples obtained from 4 subjects during a control cycle and during the first and fourth menstrual cycles after insertion of an intrauterine device (IUD). In addition, progesterone and estradiol were measured in serum samples obtained from 6 women 3, 4, or 5 months after IUD insertion, and from 6 women more than 1 year after IUD insertion. These measurements were compared to the data obtained from study of a large group of normal cycles. The results indicated that the IUD does not influence follicular maturation, time of ovulation, or corpus luteum function. The IUD did exert a local effect on the endometrium, causing the onset of menses to take place when steroid levels were higher than in control cycles.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

[Radioimmunologic studies on serum gonadotropic hormones during oral contraception].

In 10 women serum FSH- and LH-concentrations (radioimmunoassay) were measured daily throughout a complete cycle. 2 patients exhibited untreated biphasic menstrual cycles. 2 women were under the treatment of a combined estrogen - progestagen preparation, 1 woman was taking a sequential preparation, and 5 patients were treated with a weekly dose of a recently developed depot - estrogen (ethinylestradiolsulfonate). While the untreated women showed typical serum FSH-and LH-patterns characteristic of the biphasic menstrual cycle, patients on combined therapy were found to have a continuous low FSH- and LH-level except in the postmenstrual phase of the cycle, in which the values were slightly elevated. Serum-FSH-concentration in the woman on the sequential preparation remained constant throughout the treatment peroid, while serum LH-pattern showed multiple peaks. In the same manner, serum LH-patterns in women on the weekly depot- estrogen regimen were characterized by nearly regularly appearing LH-peaks, which seemed to be correlated with the estrogen intake. The cause and clinical significance of these findings are discussed.

Contraceptives, Oral↗
PubMed1975

Correlation between follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, testosterone and 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid with sperm cell concentration.

Plasma follicle stimulating hormone, luteininzing hormone, testosterone, urinary 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid and 17-ketosteroids were measured in patients seen at an infertility clinic. Plasma folicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone levels, and urinary 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid levels were increased in patients with sperm concentrations less than 10 times 10(6) per ml. Plasma testosterone levels were lower in patients with sperm concentrations less than 10 times 10(6) per ml. The results suggest that in patients with sperm counts less than 10 times 10(6) per ml. there is not only impaired spermatogenesis but also decreased Leydig cell function. Urinary 17-ketosteroid levels were not related to sperm cell concentration.

17-Ketosteroids↗
PubMed1976

[The effect of different types of oral contraceptives upon ovarian function (author's transl)].

An investigation on the influence of different types of oral contraceptives upon serum gonadotropins, estradiol and progesterone was carried out in 10 volunteers. The effect of a change from a normophasic type preparation to a sequential preparation (Ovanon and Kombiquens) and from a combined preparation to a minipill (Neogynon and Exlutona) was studied. Two new 3-phase step-up preparations were also tested. Ovulation was inhibited in each case as the preovulatory LH-peak and the subsequent rise of serum progesterone were found to be missing. The basal LH- and FSH-secretion and serum estradiol were demonstrated to be significantly diminished in the volunteers taking combined and sequential preparations. The release of gonadotropines was not inhibited as much when the 3-phase step-up preparations (SHB 261 AB and SHB 264 AB) were used. When Exlutona was taken, the basal LH-secretion was lower than during the pre- and postovulatory phase of the normal cycle, but follicular development did not appear to be inhibited much as both FSH and estradiol were found to be in the normal range.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Premature ovarian failure.

Twelve cases of premature ovarian failure (POF) are described. The clinical, hormonal, histopathologic and cytogenetic studies of each patient have been presented. The scope and the limitations of laparoscopic ovarian biopsy are discussed, as is the importance of radioimmunoassay of follicle-stimulating and luteinizing hormones (FSH/LH) in comparison to ovarian biopsy for the diagnosis of premature ovarian failure. A plea is made for the early diagnosis of POF so that these young women can be spared the expensive and time-consuming treatment for the associated problem of infertility.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Pituitary and ovarian response to acute stimulation with LH-RH in normal and anovulatory women.

The LH FSH estradiol and progesterone responses to acute stimulation with LH-RH were studied in 12 normal women with ovulatory cycles (4 in the initial follicular phase, 4 in the mid-follicular phase and 4 in the late follicular phase) and in two castrated women, two under hormonal contraception, two with ovarian amenorrhea, twelve with central amenorrhea of no detectable origin (6 with normal and 6 with low basal gonadotrophins), eleven anovulatory patients with pseudomenstruation, two with anorexia nervosa, and two with pituitary amenorrhea. Each woman received a rapid i.v. injection of 100 microgram synthetic LH-RH at 9:00 a.m. Serum levels of LH, FSH, estradiol and progesterone were determined by radioimmunoassay in samples collected before and 60, 120, 240 and 480 minutes after injection. The findings were : 1) A significant rise in estradiol and progesterone levels, in addition to LH and FSH elevation, in normal women; 2) A lack of ovarian steroid response in the castrated women and in ovarian amenorrheas, which suggests that the source of steroid response to stimulation is not extragonadal; 3) Significant differences in the responses of the four hormones to LH-RH in the women with central amenorrhea in comparison with the normal group with great variability of results; the steroid response in the presence of a positive LH response might correlate with the severity and/or prognosis of the disorder, a point deserving further study; 4) In anovulatory women with pseudomenstruation, LH responses for the most part normal, and particularly, progesterone responses.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Pure crystalline estradiol pellet implantation for contraception.

The subcutaneous implantation of estradiol pellets was found to be a simple and effective contraceptive method with good patient acceptance and minimal untoward effects. The pellets (25 mg each) were implanted through a Kearn's trocar into the abdominal wall, 2.5 to 5 cm above and parallel to Poupart's ligament. The regimen began with four pellets, and the dose was maintained or decreased by one pellet every 6 months (four, three, two, one). A potent progestogen was utilized monthly for induction of withdrawal bleeding. Altogether, 236 patients were followed for a total of 1,060 courses in 6,360 cycles (489,02 woman-years). Two pregnancies occurred during therapy. Pearl's index was 0.37. No significant alterations occurred in body weight and blood pressure. Glucose tolerance test, standard blood profiles, and Papanicolaou smears were normal during therapy. No cases of thrombophlebitis, blurred vision, headaches, gastric symptoms, or amenorrhea-galactorrhea were observed. The suppression of ovulation was confirmed by endometrial biopsies, basal body temperature, and serum follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, estradiol, and progesterone in a selected group of patients.

Abdominal Muscles↗
PubMed1977

[Antigonadotropic actions of prolactin. Study of 10 cases of women with hyperprolactinemia].

In order to determine the pituitary or ovarian site of the anti-gonadotrophic action of prolactin (PRL), ten women with hyperprolactinaemia were studied in the following way: 1) Repeated estimations of PRL, gonadotrophins (LH and FSH), plasma estradiol and progesterone during six weeks of treatment with bromocriptine. 2) Verification of the effects of estradiol benzoate on LH and FSH levels before and after normalisation of prolactin. 3) Exploration of the ovarian response to the administration of human menopausal gonadotrophin. Without it being possible to exclude any direct effect of prolactin on the ovary, it may be affirmed that the hormone decreases the sensitivity of the gonadotrophic cells to the positive feedback mechanism exerted by plasma estradiol.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Pituitary responses in LH secretion to LHRH during pregnancy.

Thirty-six pregnant women and 15 normally menstruating women were each given 100 microng of synthetic luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) by a single intravenous injection. Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) levels were determined by specific radioimmunoassay (RIA) technics. For the determination of the serum LH levels, the LHbeta-RIA method, which is unaffected by hCG at sample levels as high as 500 IU/ml, was used. Serum concentrations of LH and FSH were lower in pregnant women than in the normal women in the follicular and luteal phases. While the release of LH was observed in pregnant women following the administration of LHRH, the average net increase was less than that seen in both the follicular and luteal phases. During pregnancy, there was a progressive decrease in the LH response to LHRH, but no release of FSH.

Adult↗