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At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Comparative sporicidal effect of liquid chemical germicides on three medical devices contaminated with spores of Bacillus subtilis.

BACKGROUND: The relatively limited variety of surfaces and geometries challenged in current sporicidal testing reduces the predictive value of these analyses when extrapolated to the wide variety of medical devices. The unknown spore load being challenged and the qualitative nature (growth/no growth) of those tests further prevent precise comparison among liquid chemical disinfectants. Hence, the relative activity of different chemical substances has not been clearly established, hindering selection of the best agent for each clinical situation. METHODS: A micromethod was developed to assess sporicidal activity against Bacillus subtilis spores deposited on three different medical devices; carbon steel dental burs, silicone-rubber medical catheters, and titanium-alloy dental abutment screws. The spore load on each device and the recovery after three analytical steps were quantitatively assessed with spores radiolabeled with carbon 14 methionine. RESULTS: The killing of 2 to 7 x 10(6) spores loaded on three different devices and exposed to glutaraldehyde, formaldehyde, copper ascorbate, hydrogen peroxide, peracetic acid, sodium hypochlorite, or phenol for 30 minutes at 20 degrees C ranged from a 10(3)-fold decrease for 10% hydrogen peroxide to zero decrease for 5% phenol. Our results suggest that the nature of the surface being challenged may affect the sporicidal activity of some chemical agents. CONCLUSION: The quantitative data presented allow comparison of the sporicidal effect of different liquid chemical agents. These findings may help prevent an overestimation of sporicidal activity and possible transmission of pathogens from the surface of improperly decontaminated medical devices.

Bacillus subtilis↗
PubMed1977

The germicidal effect of the open air in different parts of The Netherlands.

Using the microthread technique the survival of Escherichia coli MRE 162 in open air was measured in different parts of The Netherlands. The presence of bactericidal compounds (open air factor = OAF) could be demonstrated on several days and quantitated in relative units of OAF concentration. In the absence of ozone the OAF concentration was always low. In the presence of ozone the OAF concentration was dependent on wind direction. At the selected microthread exposure sites air from areas with high traffic intensity contributed more to OAF production than air from industrial areas. OAF production is probably related to the nature of hydrocarbons in the air.

Air Microbiology↗
PubMed1978

Electronic structures of some antimicrobial N-chloramines. Possible existence of intramolecular hydrogen bonding and its effect on germicidal efficiency.

The photoelectron spectra of eight N-chloramines and N,N-dichloramines derived from either alpha-aminoisobutyric acid or 2-amino-2-methylpropanol have been measured. The lone-pair ionization potentials obtained from the photoelectron spectra have been interpreted to indicate that a substantial intramolecular interaction exists between tne N-H function and the various oxygen lone pairs of the N-chloramines. Such an intramolecular interaction for the N-chloramines can explain at least in part why these molecules are less potent as antimicrobial agents than are the N,N-cichloramine analogues for which a similar intramolecular interaction is impossible.

Anti-Infective Agents, Local↗
PubMed1998

Effects of copper and zinc ions on the germicidal properties of two popular pharmaceutical antiseptic agents cetylpyridinium chloride and povidone-iodine.

The effects of copper and zinc ions on the rate of killing of Gram-negative bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus and fungal yeast Candida albicans by antiseptic agents cetylpyridinium chloride and povidone-iodine (Betadine) were investigated. In the 48 test cases copper and zinc ions clearly potentiated the antiseptic agents in 28 (58.3%) cases and exhibited an improved (not clear potentiation) activity in 15 (31.3%) cases. In five (10.4%) cases there was no change in the antiseptics' antimicrobial activity. In general zinc potentiated the antiseptic agents more than copper. If an 'improved activity' was the only criterion for this study, then a more rapid antimicrobial effect was observed in 43 out of the 48 test cases, i.e., 90%.

Anti-Infective Agents, Local↗
PubMed2000

Effect of teat dipping with a germicide barrier teat dip in late gestation on intramammary infection and clinical mastitis during the first 5 days post-partum in primiparous cows.

The effect of teat dipping with a barrier teat dip prior to parturition on intramammary infection (IMI) and clinical mastitis during the first 5 days post-partum was investigated in a split udder trial in 149 Holstein-Frisian heifers. Their left front and right hind quarters were dipped three times weekly (i.e. Monday, Wednesday and Friday) with a barrier teat dip containing 0.1% polyvidon iodine from day 260 of gestation until parturition. The opposite quarters (right front and left hind quarter) served as untreated control. Bacteria were isolated from 52.2% of quarter milk samples collected immediately after parturition prior to first machine milking. Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) were predominantly found in the samples (29.2 and 35.6% of the positive samples, respectively). At parturition 6.7% of the heifers showed signs of clinical mastitis and another 27.5% developed signs of clinical mastitis during the first five days of lactation. No significant differences were found between treated and control quarters regarding IMI and incidence of clinical mastitis. Teat dipping prior to parturition in primigravid dairy heifers did not improve udder health in this trial.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed2002

Testing chemical germicides against Candida species using quantitative carrier and fingerpad methods.

Six disinfectants were tested against Candida albicans, C. parapsilosis and C. tropicalis using quantitative carrier tests based on glass (QCT-1) and metal (QCT-2) surfaces. C. albicans was also used to test four topical agents by a fingerpad method. Hard water (200 ppm as CaCO(3)) was the product diluent. In preliminary tests with QCT-1 and QCT-2, the testing was with or without a soil load; subsequent tests and fingerpad tests included soil. In QCT-1 and QCT-2, each carrier received 10 microL (5.0 x 10(6) - 1.0 x 10(7)colony forming units) of Candida, and was air dried for 1 h, then exposed to 1 mL or 50 microL of test product at 22 +/- 2 degrees C for up to 10 min. Controls received an equivalent volume of saline. For fingerpad tests, each digit received 10 microL of inoculum, which was allowed to dry and exposed to 1 mL of test product for 20 s. Inoculated plates of Sabouraud's dextrose agar were held for 48 h at 30 degrees C and colonies counted to determine reductions in colony forming units. In tests on both hard surfaces and fingerpads, ethanol and products based on ethanol reliably and rapidly inactivated all the Candida species tested. Products with sufficient potency to have tuberculocidal claims produced substantial reductions in the titre of C. albicans, although some showed a lesser reduction in titre of C. tropicalis and C. parapsilosis. This may reflect differences in cell hydrophobicity between Candida species, and highlights the need for care in selecting a suitable surrogate for disinfectant tests. The quantitative carrier and fingerpad protocols are suitable for assessing the activity of disinfectants and topical antiseptics against candida.

Anti-Infective Agents, Local↗