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Results for “Genetic correlation”

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At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources

PubMed2005

Heritability and genetic correlation of measurements derived from acoustic resonance frequency analysis; a novel method of determining eggshell quality in domestic hens.

Cracked eggshells result in economic loss and provide a route for pathogenic organisms to enter the egg. Genetic factors that contribute to shell strength are likely to decrease the risk that an egg will crack when subject to insult. A novel measurement, the dynamic stiffness of the eggshell (Kdyn) was examined to determine if it might be used in the genetic selection of hens with improved eggshell characteristics. The measurement is determined from acoustic resonance frequency analysis. The estimates of heritability for the novel measurement of Kdyn were moderately high and ranged from 0.33 to 0.53 depending on the model used for the estimation. The estimates of genetic correlation of Kdyn with eggshell breaking strength (0.49) and static stiffness (0.57) were positive and relatively large as expected. There was a small negative genetic correlation between Kdyn and egg production from 26 to 50 weeks of age (-0.19) and a moderate one from 58 to 74 weeks of age (-0.36). The moderate heritability and relative independence of Kdyn indicates that this measurement could be used successfully in a breeding programme to improve shell quality and to reduce the incidence of cracks.

Animals↗

PubMed2005

[Genetic correlations between quality traits and other economic traits in japonica rice].

Genetic correlations among brown rice rate, chalkiness grain rate, chalkiness area and AC, and correlations between these quality traits and plant height and panicle trait were analyzed using parental seeds of 3 x 3 NC II reciprocal mating and some F2 generation seeds by the genetic model given by Zhu Jun for the selection of japonica breeding progeny. The results showed that milled rice weight and brown rice rate are highly significant correlation with maternal additive effect. The genetic covariance between genetic effect components of quality traits and agronomy traits was not significant but that between quality and other plant traits was complicated.

Breeding↗

PubMed2001

Genetic correlation between the P300 event-related brain potential and the EEG power spectrum.

Previous studies have demonstrated moderate heritability of the P300 component of event-related brain potentials (ERPs) and high heritability of background electroencephalogram (EEG) power spectrum. However, it is unclear whether EEG and ERPs are influenced by common or independent genetic factors. This study examined phenotypic and genetic correlations between EEG spectral power and P300 amplitude using data from 206 Dutch twin pairs, age 16 years. Multivariate genetic models (Cholesky decomposition) were fitted to the observed twin covariances using Mx software. In males, genetic correlations between P300 and EEG power measures were high (0.54-0.74); 30% of the total P300 variance could be explained by genetic factors influencing EEG delta power and 26% by P300-specific genetic factors (total heritability 56%). In females, 45% of P300 variance could be attributed to familial influences that were shared with the EEG. However, it was not possible to distinguish between the genetic versus shared environmental factors, consistent with previous analysis of P300 in this sample (van Beijsterveldt et al., 1998). The results suggest that a substantial proportion of genetic influences on P300 amplitude can be explained by strong heritability of slow EEG rhythms contributing to P300.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1995

Genetic correlation of the orf224/atp6 gene region with Polima CMS in Brassica somatic hybrids.

To identify regions of the mitochondrial genome from the polima or pol male-sterile cytoplasm of Brassica napus that are genetically correlated with cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) we analyzed mtDNAs of three male-sterile somatic hybrids formed by the fusion of broccoli (B. oleracea L. var. italica) and pol CMS B. napus protoplasts. Fragments characteristic of a 4.5 kb DNA segment that comprises the single organizational difference between sterile pol and fertile cam Brassica mitochondrial genomes were found in all three sterile somatic hybrids. One of these hybrids possessed a mitochondrial genome that was, apart from a limited region around this 4.5 kb CMS-associated segment, collinear with B. oleracea mtDNA. Previous studies have indicated that expression of transcripts spanning the atp6 gene and a chimeric gene, orf24, located on this 4.5 kb DNA segment, is associated with male sterility. The present results indicate that the orf224/atp6 gene region is genetically correlated with male sterility and provide significant additional support for the view that this gene region may be involved in specifying the CMS trait.

Brassica↗

PubMed2006

Predicting the pathway to wind pollination: heritabilities and genetic correlations of inflorescence traits associated with wind pollination in Schiedea salicaria (Caryophyllaceae).

The transition from biotic to abiotic pollination was investigated using Schiedea, a genus exhibiting a remarkable diversity of inflorescence architecture associated with pollination biology. Heritabilities and genetic correlations of inflorescence traits were estimated in gynodioecious Schiedea salicaria (Caryophyllaceae), a species that has likely undergone a recent transition to wind-pollination. Using a partial diallel crossing design, significant narrow-sense heritabilities were detected for inflorescence condensation (h2 = 0.56 to 0.68 in the two sexes) and other traits related to the extent of wind pollination in Schiedea species. Heritabilities were generally higher in hermaphrodites than in females. Strong genetic correlations may constrain the evolution of some inflorescence traits that facilitate wind pollination, such as simultaneous shortening of inflorescence length and elongation of the subtending internode. The presence of significant narrow-sense heritabilities for traits associated with wind pollination suggests, however, that selection for more effective wind pollination in the windy, pollinator-limited environments where S. salicaria grows could lead to the evolution of the highly condensed inflorescences characteristic of other wind-pollinated species of Schiedea.

Biological Evolution↗

PubMed2006

Evolution of genetically correlated traits: tooth size and body size in baboons.

Within a population, only phenotypic variation that is influenced by genes will respond to selection. Genes with pleiotropic effects are known to influence numerous traits, complicating our understanding of their evolution through time. Here we use quantitative genetic analyses to identify and estimate the shared genetic effects between molar size and trunk length in a pedigreed, breeding population of baboons housed at the Southwest National Primate Research Center. While crown area has a genetic correlation with trunk length, specific linear measurements yield different results. We find that variation in molar buccolingual width and trunk length is influenced by overlapping additive genetic effects. In contrast, mesiodistal molar length appears to be genetically independent of body size. This is the first study to demonstrate a significant genetic correlation between tooth size and body size in primates. The evolutionary implications are discussed.

Animals↗

PubMed2001

Positive genetic correlation between parasite resistance and body size in a free-living ungulate population.

Parasite resistance and body size are subject to directional natural selection in a population of feral Soay sheep (Ovis aries) on the island of St. Kilda, Scotland. Classical evolutionary theory predicts that directional selection should erode additive genetic variation and favor the maintenance of alleles that have negative pleiotropic effects on other traits associated with fitness. Contrary to these predictions, in this study we show that there is considerable additive genetic variation for both parasite resistance, measured as fecal egg count (FEC), and body size, measured as weight and hindleg length, and that there are positive genetic correlations between parasite resistance and body size in both sexes. Body size traits had higher heritabilities than parasite resistance. This was not due to low levels of additive genetic variation for parasite resistance, but was a consequence of high levels of residual variance in FEC. Measured as coefficients of variation, levels of additive genetic variation for FEC were actually higher than for weight or hindleg length. High levels of additive genetic variation for parasite resistance may be maintained by a number of mechanisms including high mutational input, balancing selection, antagonistic pleiotropy, and host-parasite coevolution. The positive genetic correlation between parasite resistance and body size, a trait also subject to sexual selection in males, suggests that parasite resistance and growth are not traded off in Soay sheep, but rather that genetically resistant individuals also experience superior growth.

Alleles↗

PubMed2001

Genetic correlations for litter weight weaned with growth, prolificacy, and wool traits in Columbia, Polypay, Rambouillet, and Targhee sheep.

Total litter weight weaned at 120 d postpartum per ewe lambing is often believed to be a measure of range ewe productivity. Genetic correlations for litter weight weaned at 120 d with prolificacy, growth, and wool traits for Columbia, Polypay, Rambouillet, and Targhee sheep were estimated using REML with animal models. Observations per breed ranged from 5,140 to 7,083 for litter weight weaned, from 5,140 to 7,095 for prolificacy traits, from 7,750 to 9,530 for growth traits, and from 4,603 to 18,443 for wool traits. Heritability estimates for litter weight weaned were low and ranged from 0.02 to 0.11. Fraction of variance due to permanent environmental effects averaged 0.05 and, due to effects of mates, averaged 0.01. Estimates of genetic correlations with litter weight weaned varied from breed to breed. The ranges were as follows: 0.42 to 0.65 with litter size born, 0.80 to 0.99 with litter size weaned, -0.22 to 0.28 with birth weight, -0.07 to 0.23 with average daily gain to weaning, -0.56 to 0.19 with fleece weight, -0.15 to 0.02 with fleece grade, and -0.11 to 0.08 with staple length. Results suggest that, if selection were practiced on litter weight weaned, the average correlated responses would be expected to be favorable or neutral for prolificacy, growth, and wool traits although responses might vary from breed to breed.

Animals↗

PubMed2006

Individual differences in puberty onset in girls: Bayesian estimation of heritabilities and genetic correlations.

: We report heritabilities for individual differences in female pubertal development at the age of 12. Tanner data on breast and pubic hair development in girls and data on menarche were obtained from a total of 184 pairs of monozygotic and dizygotic twins. Genetic correlations were estimated to determine to what extent the same genes are involved in different aspects of physical development in puberty. A Bayesian estimation approach was taken, using Markov-chain Monte Carlo simulation to estimate model parameters. All three phenotypes were to a significant extent heritable and showed high genetic correlations, suggesting that a common set of genes is involved in the timing of puberty in general. However, gonadarche (menarche and breast development) and adrenarche (pubic hair) are affected by different environmental factors, which does not support the three phenotypes to be regarded as indicators of a unitary physiological factor.

Bayes Theorem↗

PubMed2026

Multi-ancestral genome-wide association study of chronic pain reveals widespread genetic correlations with mental and physical health traits.

Chronic pain (CP) is common and debilitating, affecting 12-40% of people worldwide. In this study, we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of CP in the All of Us Research Program across six genetic ancestries (Ntotal = 313 931, Ncase = 64 894, Ncontrol = 249 037). In the cross-ancestral meta-analysis, one locus on chromosome 3 reached genome-wide (GW) significance (α = 5E-08; lead SNP: rs3849410, p = 2.64E-08,). This same lead SNP, rs3849410, also reached GW significance in the European subsample (p = 7.45E-10) and in European females (p = 4.25E-08). Two additional loci, with lead SNPs rs7652179 and rs4760489, reached GW significance (p = 8.57E-09, and 3.07E-08, respectively) in European ancestry. Sex-stratified analyses revealed one locus on chromosome 11 (lead SNP: rs77607049) in males (p = 1.13E-08); in females, two other loci on chromosomes 11 (lead SNP: rs368001205) and 12 were also identified (lead SNP: rs80043169; p = 1.58E-08, 9.14E-09, respectively; p < 2.5E-08). CP was genetically correlated with psychiatric, physical, and immune traits, including anxiety (rg = 0.72, p = 2.00E-46), generalized addiction risk (rg = 0.38, p = 2.08E-17), higher C-reactive protein levels (rg = 0.36, p = 6.38E-22) and greater body mass index (rg = 0.43, p = 8.03E-47). This study represents one of the largest cross-ancestral investigations of the genetics of CP to date and demonstrates shared genetic effects between CP and multiple health conditions. PERSPECTIVE: This article presents multi-ancestral cross-sex and sex-stratified GWAS of chronic pain (CP). One significant cross-ancestral locus and 3 sex-specific loci were identified; a previously published locus for multisite CP met traditional genome-wide significance in the current European ancestry GWAS. This study identifies 4 novel genetic loci associated with CP.

Chronic pain↗

PubMed2003

[Heterosis and genetic correlation analysis of rice (Oryza sativa L.) grain weight development under different environmental conditions].

Two sets of test materials were derived from diallel cross among nine different types of selected rice varieties (lines). Based on the experimental data at different development stages of early and late rice, the estimation of heterosis and genetic correlation of rice grain weight at some development stages (0-->t) or at some special development phases (t--1-->t) was conducted by using additive-dominant genetic model and developmental genetic model for quantitative traits. The results indicated that the heterosis over mid-parent value based on population mean was not significant at 5% level at the early stages (1-12 d), and turned to positively significant as the development process proceeded in early rice. The heterobeltiosis based on population mean appeared to be small negative during the entire courses of grain filling. The heterosis over mid-parent based on population mean appeared to be positively significant at the early and middle grain filling stages (1-18 d), but became insignificant at the late stages (19-28 d) in late rice. The heterobeltiosis based on population mean appeared to be positively significant at the early grain filling stages (1-12 d), but turned to be significantly negative as the development process proceeded in late rice. It also indicated that the heterosis of grain weight development was beneficial to improve the quality of grain filling in late rice, compared to that in early rice. The genetic correlation between the grain weights per se at different stages and the final grain weight was mainly controlled by dominant effects, and became closer with the development process in the early rice, while by additive effects in the late rice. It's suggested that indirect selection of final grain weight throughout the process of grain filling would be more effective in late rice.

Edible Grain↗

PubMed1983

Genetic correlations between six- and seven-week-old broilers.

The genetic relationship between carcass traits in broiler chickens at 6 and 7 weeks of age was determined. Two-hundred and sixteen male broilers from 42 sires and 108 dams with 2 full sibs/dam were slaughtered at 41 and 48 days of age. One offspring per dam was slaughtered at each age. Means of 41-day-old birds are presented first and 48-day-old birds second: live weights 1435, 1872 g; carcass weights 877, 1200 g; abdominal fat weights 23.4, 41.7 g; percent abdominal fat/live weight 2.04, 2.22; percent abdominal fat/carcass weight 3.30, 3.47. Genetic correlations between weeks were: .58 (live weight), .66 (carcass weight), .48 (abdominal fat), .45 (% abdominal fat/live weight), and .42 (% abdominal fat/carcass weight). Records obtained on 6-week-old full sibs might be useful in a selection program to improve traits in 7-week-old birds.

Adipose Tissue↗

PubMed1984

Minimum weight for onset of sexual maturity in female chickens: heritability and phenotypic and genetic correlations with early growth rate.

The heritability of minimum weight for onset of sexual maturity in chickens (WTSXM) and its phenotypic and genetic correlations with early growth rate were studied in a Leghorn (L) layer stock, in two White Rock (WR) broiler stocks, and in the F4, F5, and F6 segregating generations of a White Rock X Leghorn (WR X L) cross. Mean heritability of WTSXM was .38 in the WR populations and .84 in the WR X L cross populations. Mean WTSXM of the various genetic stocks were closely related to their mean early growth rate. The mean phenotypic correlation of WTSXM and early growth rate was .07 in the WR populations but .47 in the WR X L cross populations. Estimates of the genetic correlation of WTSXM with early growth rate were high, and uniform in sign in the WR X L cross populations but smaller in magnitude and variable in sign in the WR populations. The implications of these results with respect to WTSXM as a breeding objective are discussed.

Animals↗

PubMed2003

Likelihood-based inference for genetic correlation coefficients.

We review Wright's original definitions of the genetic correlation coefficients F(ST), F(IT), and F(IS), pointing out ambiguities and the difficulties that these have generated. We also briefly survey some subsequent approaches to defining and estimating the coefficients. We then propose a general framework in which the coefficients are defined, their properties established, and likelihood-based inference implemented. Likelihood methods of inference are proposed both for bi-allelic and multi-allelic loci, within a hierarchical model which allows sharing of information both across subpopulations and across loci, but without assuming constancy in either case. This framework can be used, for example, to detect environment-related diversifying selection.

Alleles↗

PubMed1991

Estimated genetic correlations between disease and yield traits in dairy cattle.

Data included observations on more than 200,000 first lactations of Norwegian cattle. Milk yield, fat and protein percentages, and observations on mastitis, ketosis, and presence of disease (binary coding of 0 or 1) were analyzed. Following Bayesian principles and applying the threshold concept, dispersion parameters for the binary traits (on the underlying scale) with continuous production traits were estimated. Heritabilities were .27, .34, and .43 for milk yield, fat percentage, and protein percentage, respectively. Heritabilities for the disease traits were .05 to .13 but may be inconsistent because of methodology problems with small sire by herd-year-season subclass size. Genetic correlations between milk yield and all three disease traits were above .5, indicating an undesirable relationship. Genetic correlations between ketosis and the content traits were -.38 to -.65; low component percentages were associated with high ketosis frequencies. Ignoring diseases in breeding programs may lead to undesirable correlated selection responses when selecting on milk yield.

Animals↗

PubMed2005

Marker-based quantitative genetics in the wild?: the heritability and genetic correlation of chemical defenses in eucalyptus.

Marker-based methods for estimating heritability and genetic correlation in the wild have attracted interest because traditional methods may be impractical or introduce bias via G x E effects, mating system variation, and sampling effects. However, they have not been widely used, especially in plants. A regression-based approach, which uses a continuous measure of genetic relatedness, promises to be particularly appropriate for use in plants with mixed-mating systems and overlapping generations. Using this method, we found significant narrow-sense heritability of foliar defense chemicals in a natural population of Eucalyptus melliodora. We also demonstrated a genetic basis for the phenotypic correlation underlying an ecological example of conditioned flavor aversion involving different biosynthetic pathways. Our results revealed that heritability estimates depend on the spatial scale of the analysis in a way that offers insight into the distribution of genetic and environmental variance. This study is the first to successfully use a marker-based method to measure quantitative genetic parameters in a tree. We suggest that this method will prove to be a useful tool in other studies and offer some recommendations for future applications of the method.

Australian Capital Territory↗

PubMed2005

Genetic correlations with floral display lead to sexual dimorphism in the cost of reproduction.

In dioecious plants, females typically invest more biomass in reproduction than males and consequently experience stronger life-history trade-offs. Sexual dimorphism in life history runs counter to this pattern in Silene latifolia: females acquire less carbon and invest more biomass in reproduction, but males pay a higher cost of reproduction. The species is sexually dimorphic for many traits, especially flower number, with males producing many, small flowers compared to females. We tested whether the cost of reproduction is higher in males because flower number, which we presume to be under sexual selection in males, is genetically correlated with traits that would affect life-history trade-offs. We performed artificial selection to reduce the sexual dimorphism in flower size and looked at correlated responses in ecophysiological traits. We found significant correlated responses in total vegetative mass, leaf mass, leaf thickness, and measures of CO(2) exchange. Individuals in the many-and-small-flowered selection lines did not grow as large or invest as much biomass in leaves, and their leaves exhibited an up-regulated physiology that shortened leaf life span. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that genetic correlations between floral display and ecophysiological traits lead to a higher cost of reproduction for males.

Biomass↗

PubMed2005

Genetic correlates of behavioral endophenotypes in Alzheimer disease: role of COMT, 5-HTTLPR and APOE polymorphisms.

Several studies have been conducted to understand the genetic correlates of Alzheimer disease (AD)-related behavioral and psychological symptoms in dementia (BPSD). However, given that BPSD rarely occur in isolation, it has been suggested that targeting BPSD individually is too narrow of an approach if one wants to accurately define all the associated risk factors. To date, we know of no work on genetic polymorphisms related to behavioral endophenotypes in AD. The present study sought to evaluate the relationship between such behavioral endophenotypes in AD and genetic variations in dopamine- or serotonin-related genes, such as catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) or 5-HTT gene-linked promoter region (5-HTTLPR), and apolipoprotein E (APOE). Among 232 AD patients who underwent clinical and neuropsychological examination, a behavioral and psychiatric evaluation, and genotyping at COMT, 5-HTTPLR, and APOE; 66.4% showed more than one behavioral symptom. By Principal Component Analysis of Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) symptoms four endophenotypes were identified, these were termed "psychosis", "moods", "apathy", and "frontal". Modeling NPI symptom-endophenotype-genotype relationships, and taking into account possible confounds (i.e. demographic characteristics, comorbidities, concomitant pharmacological treatments, and disease severity) by latent variable models, COMT and 5-HTTLPR genetic variations correlated with "frontal" and "psychosis" endophenotypes. APOE genotype did not correlate with any endophenotype. These findings suggest that the possibility of identifying distinct phenotypes on a genetic basis among AD patients exists, and suggest that clustering of BPSD into endophenotypes might provide a new strategy for guiding future research on this issue.

Aged↗