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At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

Parkinson's disease is associated with goal setting deficits during task switching.

Ten Parkinson's Disease (PD) patients and 10 control participants were tested using a task-switching paradigm in which there was a random task sequence, and the task was cued in every trial. Five PD patients showed a unique error profile. Their performance approximated guessing when accuracy was dependent on correct task identification, and was nearly perfect when accuracy did not depend on correct task identification or in conditions without task switching. Nonetheless, PD patients showed normal task-rule implementation, evidenced by their preparation-related reduction in the reaction-time task-switching cost. The results indicate that, without redundant task information, some PD patients have a specific goal setting deficit, reflected in a difficulty determining which task is currently relevant.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Improving patient and carer communication, multidisciplinary team working and goal-setting in stroke rehabilitation.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the extent to which three forms of multidisciplinary team (MDT) care in stroke rehabilitation meet the standards set by the United Kingdom National Service Framework (NSF). DESIGN: Consecutive assessment of the three forms of care was completed. SUBJECTS: The study included three groups of 25 stroke inpatients on the stroke rehabilitation ward. INTERVENTION: (1) A standard weekly MDT meeting using a standard form for documentation; (2) a standard MDT meeting using a newly devised form; and (3) a novel MDT ward round using the new form, and attended by doctors. RESULTS: MDT ward rounds result in significantly better consideration of patients' needs (median 7 per patient compared with 0 and 5 in phases one and two), enhanced SMART (specific, measurable, achievable, realistic and time framed) goal-setting (median 3 per patient compared to 1 in phases one and two); greater patient involvement (12 patients compared to 0 and 4 in phases one and two); and improved team working (measured using the team climate inventory) than do MDT meetings. CONCLUSIONS: In the present study, standard weekly MDT meetings did not meet the standards set for MDT care by the NSF. The use of a MDT ward round allows these standards to be achieved.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

Exploration of subjective well-being and dependence in daily activities at the beginning of the geriatric rehabilitation process: a challenge to traditional goal-setting and evaluation procedures?

The objectives of this study were to describe a population of elderly patients at the beginning of their rehabilitation period as regards subjective well-being and dependence in activities of daily living (ADL). In a Swedish rural county 244 patients aged 65+ who had begun rehabilitation within the last month were targeted. One part of the self-administered Göteborg Quality of Life Instrument and a revised version of the ADL Staircase were used. No correlation was found between subjective well-being and ADL dependence. However, significant correlations between ADL dependence and separate subjective well-being items were found in three out of 17, i.e. the items 'energy', 'leisure', and 'sense of significance and appreciation outside home'. Overall subjective well-being did not show any gender differences, but significant gender differences due to the distribution of scores was shown; females scored the items 'health', 'sleeping', and 'economy' as bad to a larger extent than males. Males were significantly more dependent than females in three out of nine ADL: 'going to the toilet', 'dressing', and 'cooking'. Additional knowledge of subjective well-being and ADL dependence at the beginning of the rehabilitation process challenges the traditional goal-setting and evaluation procedures of geriatric rehabilitation services.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1984

Planning for continuing education: goal setting and self-assessment.

The American Dietetic Association placed the responsibility for professional growth and development on individual dietitians when the membership voluntarily accepted registration in 1969. One goal of registration was to improve individual competency of dietitians through their participation in continuing education activities. Such participation, to be effective, requires self-assessment of needs, formulation of goals, and the setting of priorities for learning. A recent study revealed, however, that only 20% of registered dietitians desire to assess their own learning needs and to plan their own continuing education experiences to meet those needs. This discrepancy between the goals of the professional association and the behavior of individual members may be a result of members not knowing about ways to plan effectively for their own professional growth. The "Well-Dones" method is presented as a tool for dietitians to use in planning their own learning by determining needs, setting goals, and assessing achievements. Professional concern over the improvement of competency through continuing education should be a matter of importance for each registered dietitian.

Dietetics↗
PubMed1990

Analytical goal setting prior to selection of a method for glycated haemoglobin.

Without a consensus on either a reference method or a single glycated haemoglobin standard, the individual laboratory has to establish and secure its own assay method. Prior to selection of a method for glycated haemoglobin we used an assessment model and defined our clinical goals. Based on clinical goals it was possible to set up goals of analytical quality and evaluate available literature concerning the performance characteristics of different assay methods. We wanted a method that measured HbAlc, without measuring the labile intermediate pre-HbAlc, and that provided separate detection of haemoglobin variants. Low imprecision was required to secure the measured, non-diabetic reference interval, and to minimize random analytical error. We found the isoelectric focusing method the only one able to meet our goals, and a method evaluation was carried out. Clinical goals of analytical quality should always be defined before method selection and implementation. Using this model, we were able to establish a precise isoelectric focusing method that fulfilled our clinical goals by measuring HbAlc with a total coefficient of variation of 2.1% and a non-diabetic reference interval from 5.2% to 6.8% HbAlc.

Blood Chemical Analysis↗
PubMed1992

Improving the compositions of students with learning disabilities using a strategy involving product and process goal setting.

This study was conducted to determine if a planning and writing strategy would improve the essay writing of students with learning disabilities. Four participants were taught a strategy designed to facilitate the setting of product and process goals, generation and organization of notes, continued planning during writing, and evaluation of goal attainment. Training effects were investigated using a multiple probe design across subjects. Strategy instruction had a positive effect on students' essay writing performance and knowledge of the writing process, and effects were maintained over time.

Achievement↗
PubMed2004

Work conditions and employees' self-set goals: goal processes enhance prediction of psychological distress and well-being.

Although previous theory and research suggest that employee well-being should be predicted by work conditions (viz., Karasek and colleagues' job demands-control-social support [J-DCS] model), other factors are also likely to be important. In this study, the authors consider correlates of employee psychological distress and well-being using a goal-focused approach grounded in Ford's (1992) motivational systems theory. Specifically, work conditions and midlevel work goal processes (WGP) were examined in a questionnaire study of health care employees. Regarding predictions derived from the J-DCS model, the authors found full support for the iso-strain, partial support for the nonlinearity, and no support for the buffer hypothesis. Of importance, however, WGP (i.e., cognitions and emotions involved in the pursuit of self-set work goals) explained variance in job satisfaction, burnout, depression, and somatic complaints, over and above that of the J-DCS model. This suggests that investigation of WGP can enhance our understanding of employee psychological distress and well-being.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Future prospects and goal setting regarding research on heartwater.

This article highlights the most important research goals identified during the workshop on "Heartwater: Past, Present and Future," which was held from 8-11 September 1986 in the Republic of South Africa. An attempt has also been made to identify the most modern technology which is available for this purpose. All 60 papers presented at the workshop, together with other relevant information, are published in this number of the Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research. With regard to the causative organism it is crucial that research should be conducted on pure isolates. Moreover, existing culture methods should be improved in order to obtain better yields of organisms. Research on the hosts and vectors of Cowdria ruminantium should aim to elucidate the ways in which vector ticks become infected in nature. For this purpose especially, it will be necessary to develop rapid tests (e.g. DNA probes) to detect the organism in living animals and ticks. The nature of immunity and young animal resistance are still obscure and call for basic research. Mice and murino-tropic isolates of C. ruminantium should prove useful in this regard. Since cross-reactions with Ehrlichia occur, it is essential to give particular attention to the sero-epidemiology of Ehrlichia in conjunction with similar studies on Cowdria. The development of a tissue culture vaccine offers the greatest chance of immediate success and should be actively pursued. Studies on a recombinant vaccine should, however, be initiated because of the potential long term advantages.

Animals↗